• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.105-110
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• 2011

This study determined the effects of the dietary moisture level and feeding rate on the growth and gastric evacuation of young olive flounder. Four experimental diets with different moisture levels (9%, 21%, 30%, and 40%) were prepared through the addition of water to the commercial extruded pellet. Three replicate groups of fish (initial weight: $106{\pm}1.4\;g$) were fed diets containing 9%, 21%, 30%, and 40% moisture to satiation or a moisture level of 9% and 30% at a restricted feeding rate (95% of satiation) for 15 weeks. The mean water temperature was $22{\pm}1.6^{\circ}C$ during the feeding trial. Gastric evacuation rates were determined post-feeding. The dietary moisture levels did not significantly affect weight gain, but the weight of the fish receiving 9% and 30% moisture diets to 95% satiation were significantly lower than those of the fish fed 9-40% moisture diets to 100% satiation (P<0.05). The feed efficiency, protein efficiency ratio, viscerosomatic index, and survival were not significantly affected by the dietary moisture levels and feeding rates. The daily feed intake of the fish fed to 100% satiation did not significantly differ among the treatment groups. The stomach contents that peaked within 3 h of feeding gradually decreased, and the stomachs of fish were completely evacuated within 18 h. The contents of the intestine peaked at 3-12 h post-feeding, and then declined with the intestine being mostly evacuated at 30 h. The moisture of the stomach contents reached approximately 70% within 3 h post-feeding and gradually increased to approximately 75% within 12 h. No considerable differences were observed in the gastric evacuation and moisture levels of the stomach contents in the fish fed the different diets. The results of this study suggest that the gastric evacuation of olive flounder was not affected by the dietary moisture level and that the addition of water into the diet displayed no beneficial effects on the growth of young olive flounder.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권9호
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• pp.1314-1326
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• 2023

Sheep and goats can efficiently convert low quality forage into high-quality meat which contains specific nutrients and quality traits. Carcass traits and quality attributes of sheep and goat meat depend upon several factors and one of most effective strategies amongst these is feeding regimens. In this review, the major aspects of feeding regimens affecting growth rate, carcass traits and quality attributes of sheep and goat meat are thoroughly discussed, with a particular focus on physical-chemical composition, flavor profile, and fatty acid (FA) profile. Grazing lambs and kids receiving concentrate or under stall-feeding systems had greater average daily gain and carcass yield compared with animals reared on pasture only. However, growth rate was higher in lambs/kids grazing on pastures of improved quality. Moreover, the meat of grazing lambs receiving concentrate had more intense flavor, intramuscular fat (IMF) content, and unhealthy FA composition, but comparable color, tenderness, juiciness, and protein content compared to that of lambs grazed on grass only. In contrast, meat of concentrate-fed lambs had more intense color, greater tenderness and juiciness, IMF and protein contents, and lower flavor linked to meat. Additionally, the meat of kids grazed on concentrate supplementation had higher color coordinates, tenderness, IMF content and unhealthy FA composition, whereas juiciness and flavor protein content were similar. In contrast, kids with concentrate supplementation had superior color coordinates, juiciness, IMF content and unhealthy FA composition, but lower tenderness and flavor intensity compared to pasture-grazed kids. Thus, indoor-finished or supplemented grazing sheep/goats had higher growth rate and carcass quality, higher IMF content and unhealthy FA composition compared to animals grazed on grass only. Finally, supplementation with concentrate increased flavor intensity in lamb meat, and improved color and tenderness in kid meat, whereas indoor-fed sheep/goats had improved color and juiciness as well as reduced flavor compared to pasture-grazed animals.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2015

본 연구는 흑염소 사양체계 확립에 대한 기초자료를 얻고자 방목과 사사형태의 사육이 흑염소의 번식능력과 자축의 발육성적에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 공시축은 흑염소 36두를 방목구와 사사구로 나누어 처리구당 18두씩 공시하여 2011년 4월부터 11월까지 8개월간 수행하였다. 단태의 비율은 방목구가 31.5%, 사사구가 37.0%로 통계적인 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 산자수는 방목구와 사사구가 각각 1.76과 1.69두로 사육형태에 따른 차이가 나타나지 않았으며, 이유 시의 두수는 방목구가 사사구 보다 높은 경향으로 나타났다(p=0.11). 사육형태에 따른 생시체중은 방목구가 2.3 kg, 사사구가 2.29 kg 로 나타나 차이가 나타나지 않았으나, 생후 90일 령 이유 시 방목구가 9.97 kg 로 사사구의 9.45 kg 보다 높은 경향으로 나타났으며(p=0.09), 포유기간 일당증체량에서도 방목구가 사사구 보다 높은 경향으로 나타났다(p=0.13). 이상의 결과를 종합해 보면, 흑염소를 방목과 사사형태로 사육하였을 때, 분만형태, 산자수 및 생시체중에는 차이가 없었으나, 이유두수 및 자축의 일당증체량에서는 방목사육 형태가 우수한 경향으로 나타나, 방목이 흑염소의 생리적 욕구를 충족시켜 건강한 흑염소 생산에 기여 할 것으로 판단된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.838-843
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• 2002

The objectives of this study were to examine growth performance and meat quality by three different feeding patterns in Korean native cattle (KNC). In each of 3 years, fifteen KNC were randomly assigned in a (3 feeding management)${\times}$(3 sex) factorial design experiment; thus, in total, there were 5 animals in each of the 9 treatments. The three feeding management treatments were longterm (24 month) restriction feeding (LTFR), long-term restriction feeding-hormone implant (LTFR-tH), and short-term (18 month) nonrestriction feeding (STFNR). Three sexes were bull, steer, and heifer. Concentrate diet was fed restriction-feeding method based on body weight in LTFR and LTFR-tH. However, the diet was fed ad libitum in STFNR. Hormonal implantation was made three times with M-$PO^{TM}$ for bulls and with F-$TO^{TM}$ for heifers at 18, 20, 22 month of age in LTFR-tH. Animal were purchased from the local cattle market and managed in two local farms and at the university research unit. Animals were slaughtered at 24 months for long-term trial and at 18 month for short-term trial. The growth rate was the highest in bulls and the lowest in heifers. However, the differences were diminished in F-$TO^{TM}$ implanted heifers. The average daily gain was high in STFNR due to ad libitum feeding. The carcass grade was similar among the treatments on percentage bases. Hormonal implants improved significantly the meat quality grade in all sexes. Castration increased body fat content and improved meat quality grade by intramuscular fat deposition. In conclusion, long-term feeding and hormone treatment increased meat quality grade more than short-term feeding. However, ADG was higher in the short-term trial although feedefficiency was lower.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.679-685
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• 2012

A study was carried out to observe the effects of feed types on the growth, feed preference, and enteric feed transition rate of juvenile starry flounder, Platichthys stellatus for 45 days. Fifty fish (avg. 135 g) were stocked each in replication, and fed a commercial extruded pellet diet (EP, 45% protein) and a moist pellet diet (MP, 65% raw mackerel+35% feed powder in wet basis), respectively. The MP presented the higher performance than that of the EP on the feed efficiency ($68.3{\pm}0.9%$ for EP and $92.3{\pm}4.3%$ for MP) and the specific growth rate ($1.07{\pm}0.07$ for the EP and $1.20{\pm}0.05%$ for the MP). In contrast, the EP showed the higher feed preference in terms of the daily feed intake ($1.57{\pm}0.08%$ for the EP and $1.30{\pm}0.01$ for the MP) and the ad libitum feeding rate after a fast of 72 hours (1.73% for the EP and 1.35% for the MP). The feed transition rate through intestinal canals decreased exponentially in both the EP and the MP, showing the faster transition rate with the EP. In the result, starry flounder appeared to have the better feed preference to the EP, but have the higher feed efficiency and growth performance to the MP.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제49권5호
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• pp.600-606
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• 2016

The effects of feeding frequency on the growth, food consumption, body composition, and hematological response of the Korean rockfish Sebastes schlegelii were investigated for 77 days at ambient water temperatures (17.2-24.5℃) in a sea cage in Tongyeong, Korea. Three replicate groups of fish were hand-fed to satiation with a commercial diet in one of four different feeding frequency trials (one meal every 2 days, and one, two and three meals per day). At the end of the experiment, the mean weight gain, specific growth rate, and daily feed intake of fish fed one and two meals per day were significantly higher than those of fish fed one meal every 2 days or three meals per day. The feed efficiency of the fish fed three meals per day was significantly lower than that of the fish in the other groups. The glucose concentration of fish fed one meal every 2 days was significantly higher than that of the other groups. We conclude that the optimum feeding frequency for improving the growth of Korean rockfish weighing 100-200 g reared in sea cages is one meal per day under our experimental conditions.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.57-62
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• 2015

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The prevalence of atopic dermatitis in infants is increasing worldwide. However, the nutrient intake status of infants with atopic dermatitis has not been studied properly. This study was conducted to compare the nutrient intake status of infants in the weaning period with atopic dermatitis by feeding type. MATERIALS/METHODS: Feeding types, nutrient intake status and growth status of 98 infants with atopic dermatitis from age 6 to 12 months were investigated. Feeding types were surveyed using questionnaires, and daily intakes were recorded by mothers using the 24-hour recall method. Growth and iron status were also measured. RESULTS: The result showed that breastfed infants consumed less energy and 13 nutrients compared to formula-fed or mixed-fed infants (P < 0.001). The breastfed group showed a significantly lower intake rate to the Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans than the other two groups (P < 0.001). In addition, they consumed less than 75% of the recommended intakes in all nutrients, except for protein and vitamin A, and in particular, iron intake was very low, showing just 18.7% of the recommended intake. There was no significant difference in growth by feeding type, but breastfed infants showed a significantly higher rate of iron deficiency anemia (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Continuous management programs should be prepared for breastfed infants with atopic dermatitis, who are in a period when rapid growth takes place and proper nutrient intake is essential.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.294-298
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• 2008

본 연구는 우리나라 주요 양식품종인 돌돔을 대상으로 배합사료 급이체계를 구축하여 자동화 관리 시스템 구축을 위해 실시하였는데, 돌돔을 대상으로 체중이 배수로 증가하도록 성장 단계를 설정하여 각 단계에서 수온별 최대 배합사료 섭취량을 조사하기 위하여 수행하였다. 돌돔 성장단계를 체중에 따라 $10{\sim}30\;g$, $40{\sim}60\;g$, $70{\sim}120g$, $130{\sim}240$, $250{\sim}480\;g$, 480 g 이상으로 나누고, 평균수온 $15.1^{\circ}C$, $16.0^{\circ}C$, $19.2^{\circ}C$, $22.5^{\circ}C$, $23.0^{\circ}C$, $24.7^{\circ}C$, $26.5^{\circ}C$에서 최대 섭취량을 구하였을 때 $10{\sim}30\;g$ 돌돔의 일일사료섭취율은 $15.1^{\circ}C$에서 어체중의 2.24%였으나 수온 증가와 더불어 증가하여 6.04%까지 섭취하였다. $30{\sim}60\;g$의 돌돔은 일일섭취율이 $15.1^{\circ}C$일 때 어제중의 1.14%를 섭취하였으나, 고수온기일 때는 3.85%까지 섭취하였다. 체중 $240{\sim}480\;g$의 돌돔의 일일사료섭취율은 $15.1^{\circ}C$에서 어체중의 0.48%, $26.5^{\circ}C$에서 2.06%섭취하는 것으로 나타났다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.7-14
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• 1991

An experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of change in length of hay offered on eating and rumination behaviour in sheep using three types of hay diets (L: long, M: 8.0-cm cut, S: 1.2-cm cut) and 3 Japanese Corriedale wethers, and the experiment was designed as $3{\times}3$ latine square. The time spent eating per 100 g hay was significantly shorter with long (L) hay (p < 0.05) than with chopped (M and S) hay, and therefore, the eating rate (g D.M./min.) was significantly higher in the former (p < 0.05) than in the latter. Rumination appearance (the lag time after eating) tended to be longer with long hay than with chopped hay, but not significantly (p > 0.05). Daily time spent ruminating, the actual chewing time and daily number of chews tended to be more in feeding long hay than in feeding chopped hay, but not significantly. Daily number of rumination periods was significantly more with long hay (p < 0.01) than with chopped hay. Cyclic rate tended to be longer with long hay than with chopped hay, in particular, the difference in values between long hay and 8.0-cm cut hay was significant statistically (p < 0.01). The rumination index (time spent ruminating/100 g D.M, eaten) tended to be higher with long hay than with chopped hay, and the difference in values between long hay and 1.2-cm cut hay was significant statistically (p < 0.05). Bolus time was significantly longer with long hay (p < 0.01) than that with 8.0-cm cut hay. The circadian pattern of ruminating time was not changed by the changes in length of hay eaten.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권12호
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• pp.1744-1751
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• 2011

This study was conducted to compare the effects of feeding dry or fermented (aerobically or anaerobically with or without lactic acid bacteria) restaurant food residue mixture-containing diets on animal performance and blood profiles. Rats were used as the model animal for the simulation of laboratory rodents, rabbit or horse feeding and fed for 4 wks. The results were compared with feeding a dry diet (control) with the same ingredient composition as diets processed by aerobic and anaerobic methods. Feeding all the fermented diets tended to increase (p>0.05) average daily gain of rats resulting in improved (p<0.01) feed efficiency. Apparent digestibility of NDF was increased (p<0.05) by feeding the fermented diets, although digestibilities of DM, OM, CP, and NFC were not affected (p>0.05). Compared with the aerobically fermented diet, digestibility of ADF was increased (p<0.05) for the anaerobically fermented diet and for the 0.5% LAB culture plus anaerobically fermented diet. The digestibility of crude ash tended to increase (p>0.05) with feeding of the fermented diets. Feeding either of the fermented diets had little effects on serum nutrients, electrolytes, enzymes and blood cell profiles of rats except sodium and uric acid concentrations. These results showed that compared with feeding a dry food residue-containing diet, feeding aerobically or anaerobically fermented diets showed better animal performance as indicated by higher feed efficiency and rat growth rate. These improvements were attributed to the desirable dietary protein conservation during the food residue fermentation process and to higher total tract digestibilities of NDF and crude ash in the fermented food residue diets.