• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.322-332
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• 2023

Objective: We determined the impact of maintaining pasture-based dairy cows and calves together over 100 days on cow milk production, cow and calf behavior, and calf liveweight and carcass quality. Methods: Six Holstein-Friesian cows and their male calves were monitored for 106±8.6 days. Cows were temporarily separated twice a day for milking with calves remaining in the paddock. Cow and calf behaviors were recorded via scan sampling at 6 different timepoints, for the first 7 days and twice a week thereafter. Calves were weighed weekly and immediately processed for meat quality and rumen development analysis at 106±8.6 days. Daily cow milk yields were collected from enrollment until 109±8.6 days (3 days post-weaning). Results: The average daily gain of calves was 1.4±0.73 kg/d, with an average carcass dressing percentage of 59%. Calves had the greatest frequency of observed close proximity to cow and suckling in the first two weeks and decreased with experiment duration. During separation for milking, cow vocalizations and attempts to return to their calf decreased over time. Reticulorumen weight was on target for calf age, but as a proportion of total stomach weight was lower than industry averages of calves the same age due to the larger abomasum. Cows produced an average of 12±7.6 kg of milk yield per day over the 3-days before the calves were weaned and increased to mean of 31±8.3 kg/d the 3 days after weaning, indicating a consumption of close to 20 kg per calf per day. Conclusion: The impact of a pasture-based cow-calf rearing system on cow and calf behavior and the potential for high levels of calf liveweight gain when provided ad-libitum milk and feed were determined. Further research is required to determine the practicality of replicating such systems with large herds and impact on reared calves post-weaning.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.184-187
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• 2002

This study was designed to examine the response of feeding early weaning diets without and with amino acids supplemented cottonseed meal on growth performance and digestibility of early weaned cow calves. Fifteen 14-21 days old cross bred cow calves were randomly allotted to three experimental diets. Diet A comprised of milk replacer and concentrate feed whereas two isocaloric and iso-nitrogenous early weaning diets viz., B and C were prepared without and with lysine and methionine supplemented cottonseed meal, respectively. These early weaning diets were used as substitute of milk replacer for calves. Calves were placed in individual cages and fed twice daily for a period of 60 days. Daily feed intake, feed refused and weekly weight gain was recorded. Two digestibility trials I and II were performed at 5th and 9th week of the experiment, respectively. During the digestibility trial I, calves were fed on ad libitum basis whereas in trial II, calves were fed at 90% of their voluntary DMI. Feed, orts and feces samples were collected, weighed daily, composited, subsampled and analysed for DM and CP. Results indicated that weight gain of calves was (p<0.05) higher on diets A (0.63 kg/d/calf) and C (0.64 kg/d/calf) compared to calves on diet B (0.57 kg/d/calf). Significantly (p<0.05) less daily DMI was observed on diet A (1.48 kg) compared to early weaning diets B (1.70 kg) and C (1.72 kg). The feed efficiency was (p<0.05) better on diet A (2.33) compared to diets B (2.95) and C (2.65). The economic efficiency was noticed to be better on diets B and C compared to diet A. In trial I, digestibility of DM and CP of diet A was (p<0.05) higher than diets B and C. Whereas in trial II, digestibility of DM and CP of diet A was (p<0.05) less than diets B and C. It was concluded that early weaning diet based on lysine and methionine supplemented cottonseed meal produced better weight gain and feed efficiency compared to non-supplemented cottonseed meal based diet.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.110-119
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• 1994

대상방목 체계하에서 Lolium perenne초생의 채식 허용량을 3 수준으로 달리 하여 고능력 착유우에 의한 방목시험으로부터 얻은 채식량과 산유량을 조사하여 얻을 결과를 요약하면 아래와 같다. 채식된 사포로부터 배설된 분증질소, 크롬 및 회분 함량은 시험시기가 늦을수록, 채식허용량이 낮을수록 약간 감소되는 경향이었다. 시험시기별 채식 허용량의 수준에 따른 채식초의 소화율은 시험시기 1의 82.7%에서 시험시기 3의 79.1%로 감소하였고, 고수준의 채식허용량일 때 81.6%에서 저수준일 때 79.9%로 감소하였다. 일당 채식량은 고와 중 수준의 채식허용량에서 15.8과15.9kg OM/cow로 비슷한 수준이었으나 저수준에서는 14.6 kg OM/cow로 유의적으로 감소하였다. 시험시기별 채식량은 시험시기가 늦을수록 감소하는 경향이었으나 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 일당 4%유지방 보정 산유량은 시험시기 1의 23.6kg OM/cow에서 시험시기 3에서는 20.6kg OM/cow로 유의적으로 감소하였으며, 채식허용량의 수준에 따른 일당 산유량은 고와 중 수준일 때 각각 23.5와 22.2kg OM/cow로 유의적으로 감소하였다. 채식허용량의 수준과 채식량(r=0.88)및 산유량(r=0.81)간에 고도(p<0.01)의 정의 상관관계가 인정되었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.523-527
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• 1995

Two on farm feeding trials were conducted at the Pabna milkshed area during July to October 1993, to evaluate the response of feeding urea molassesed straw (UMS) on milk production of Pabna milking cows and its economics. A feeding trial of 60 days with 50 Pabna milking cows showed that the cows fed UMS as a replacer of dry straw increased daily milk yield by 1.37 litre. Moreover, it reduced the daily requirement of concentrate by 1.0 kg/head. In the second trial, a herd of 52 animals including 14 milking cows were fed UMS in place of traditionally used dry straw. Introduction of UMS increased the milk production by 1.0 litre/cow/day and saved concentrate by 1.5 kg/cow daily. Urea molassesed straw can safely and economically be fed to lactating cows.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.587-591
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• 2014

Automatic milking systems (AMS) rely upon voluntary cow traffic (the voluntary movement of cattle around a farm) for milk harvesting and feed consumption. Previous research on conventional milking systems has shown differences between dairy cow breeds for intake and milk production, however, the ability to manipulate voluntary cow traffic and milking frequency on AMS farms through breed selection is unknown. This study investigated the effect of breed (Holstein Friesian versus Illawarra) on voluntary cow traffic as determined by gate passes at the Camden AMS research farm dairy facility. Daily data on days in milk, milk yield, gate passes and milking frequency for 158 Holstein Friesian cows and 24 Illawarra cows were collated by month for the 2007 and 2008 years. Illawarra cows had 9% more gate passes/day than Holstein cows over the duration of the study; however, the milking frequency and milk yield of both breeds were similar. Gate passes were greatest for both breeds in early lactation and in the winter (June to August) and summer (December to February) seasons. These findings highlight an opportunity to translate increased voluntary cow movement associated with breed selection into increased milking frequencies, milk production and overall pasture-based AMS performance.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제50권5호
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• pp.591-600
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• 2008

본 연구는 암소의 산유량, 송아지의 생시 체중, 3개월령 체중 및 포유기 일당증체량들 간의 상관관계를 규명하기 위하여 실시하였다. 분석에 이용된 자료는 축산기술연구소 대관령지소(현 축산과학원 한우시험장)에서 2002년 6월부터 11월 사이에 128쌍 그리고 2003년 4월부터 11월 사이에 94쌍 등 총 222쌍의 암소와 포유중인 송아지로부터 조사하였는데 조사된 형질 중 암소의 산유량은 포유전후 체중차를 이용하여 추정하였다. 조사된 형질들은 모두 어미소 형질로 간주하여 분석을 하였는데 유전모수 추정은 A-I REML(average information restricted maximum likelihood) 추정치를 제공하는 Meyer(2006)의 WOMBAT package를 이용하여 실시하였다. 일일 산유량과 24시간 보정 산유량의 유전력은 각각 0.39와 0.36으로 두 추정치 간에 차이가 없었다. 어미소 형질로 간주하여 추정한 송아지의 생시체중, 3개월령 체중 및 포유기 일당증체량에 대한 유전력은 각각 0.28, 0.17 및 0.18로서 생시체중의 유전력은 3개월령 체중이나 포유기 일당증체량의 유전력에 비해 약간 큰 편이었으며 3개월령 체중과 포유기 일당증체량 간에는 유전력의 크기에서 차이가 없었다. 일일 산유량은 생시체중, 3개월령 체중 및 포유기 일당증체량에 대한 모체 효과 들과의 유전 상관계수가 각각 0.59, 0.79 및 0.68이었다. 일일산유량이 3개월령 체중이나 포유기 일당증체량의 모체효과 간에 높은 유전상관 관계가 있는 것으로 나타난 결과에 근거할 때 한우 집단에서 송아지의 포유기 일당증체량 또는 3개월령 체중의 모체 유전 효과에 대한 선발을 통해 암소들의 산유량에 대한 유전적 개량을 실현할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.63-69
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• 2018

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of tuberculin test and associated various environmental factors on the quantity and quality of milk production of daily cows. The change of milk quantity followed to tuberculin test was investigated on 109 daily farms in south Gyeonggi, and the change of milk quality was also studied on 48 daily farms. The result of this study showed that the quantity and quality of milk production was decreased after tuberculin test (P<0.05). The amount of loss of the milk production due to tuberculin test was, however, only 0.92 L per cow. In terms of milk quality, the level of total protein was statistically significantly decreased. This study also showed that the milk quality was further decreased when the cows were restraint after veterinarians arrived compared to the case that cows were stayed restraint before the veterinarians visited the farm. In addition, milk quality and quantity were lowered worse when relative humidity of the location of tuberculin test was lower than 50% or higher than 70%, or when the milk production of a farm is higher than its quarter. This study showed that stress on daily cows and the farmers induces the decrease of milk yield and milk quality, and these losses can be minimized by regulating various environmental factors to the direction to maximize productivity.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.293-298
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• 1990

Pathogen infections or mastitis inflammations usually develop differently on each udder of lactating cow. Although healthy udders will be attacked by the mastitis pathogens or the pathogens from blood in a long term, they would not be always inflamed. Somatic cell counts (SCC) in milk, which is utilized as an index of mastitis diagnosis, and the relation among SCC and milk constituents will have to be examined on each udder individually. Twelve cows of a Holstein cow herd in Nasu Research Station, which were suffering clinical or non-clinical mastitis, were selected, and SCC and milk constituents on each udder milk were measured. The effects of mastitis infection on udder milk components were relatively small except lactose content on udder milks of non-clinical mastitis (SCC< $10.0{\times}10^5$ per ml milk). On udder milks of clinical mastitis, however, high negative correlations were recognized between SCC and milk components. On different sampling days, high contents of fat and protein corresponded to that of total solids.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.580-585
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• 2016

The objective of this study was to determine cow characteristics and farm management factors during the dry period associated with early postparturient intramammary infection (IMI) and subsequent clinical mastitis (CM). Data were collected three times: before drying off (P1), during the dry period (P2), and 5 to 14 days after calving (P3), using questionnaires and farm investigation. Milk samples were aseptically collected for bacterial identification at P1 and P3. Factors associated with IMI and CM were analyzed using multiple logistic regression models. The final model showed that IMI in early postpartum was significantly associated with full insertion of dry cow antibiotic, dry cows in barns with a combination of tie and free stalls, body condition score (BCS) in dry period and after calving, and milk yield before drying off. For IMI cows, factors significantly associated with clinical expression of mastitis were having daily barn cleaning, teat disinfected with alcohol before administration of dry cow therapy, BCS before drying off, milk yield before drying off, and days in milk at drying off. In conclusion, both cow and farm management factors are associated with the IMI rate and subsequent expression of clinical signs of mastitis in early postpartum cows.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.107-111
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• 1995

An experiment was conducted at Pabna milkshed area under Bathan condition during November, 1992 to February 1993 with 16 milking cows fed legume forage with straw supplementation (treated group) and 8 milking cows fed legume forage only (control group). From the study, the results revealed that supplementation of straw with leguminous diet increases the total dry matter intake (DMI) of 11.83 kg/d/cow for the treated group and 11.53 kg/d/cow for the control group. The average daily legume forage intake was $37.39{\pm}8.67kg/d/cow$ and $49.62{\pm}10.57kg/d/cow$ for the treated and control group respectively and the difference was significant (p < 0.05). The results also exhibited that due to the supplementation of straw, the legume forage intake reduced by 12 kg/d/cow. The forage dry matter intake (DMI) kg/d/cow for the treated and control groups were $6.18{\pm}1.44kg$ and $8.38{\pm}1.95kg$ respectively. The milk production was $8.64{\pm}1.15litre/day$ for the treated group which was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than the control group ($7.74{\pm}1.24litre/day$). The average initial body weight of the supplemented and control groups were $338.06{\pm}39.32kg$ and $329.87{\pm}48.03kg$ respectively. Whereas, the final body weight of supplemented group was $344.33{\pm}35.90kg$ and control group was $330.35{\pm}37.28kg$. It may be concluded that straw supplementation with legumes diet could save legume forage for further use as well as increase milk production.