• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.10-24
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• 2017

Purpose: GST (glutathione S-transferase) M1 and T1 gene polymorphisms are known to affect antioxidant levels. This study was carried out to evaluate genetic susceptibility by measuring the effect of DNA damage reduction in the Korean diet by vegetable food according to GST gene polymorphisms using the ex vivo method with human lymphocytes. Methods: Vegetable foods in the Korean diet based the results of the KNHANES V-2 (2011) were classified into 10 food groups. A total of 84 foods, which constituted more than 1% of the total intake in each food group, were finally designated as a vegetable food in the Korean diet. The Korean diet applied in this study is the standard one-week meals for Koreans (2,000 Kcal/day) suggested by the 2010 Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans. Ex vivo DNA damage in human lymphocytes was assessed using comet assay. Results: In the Korean food group, the DNA damage protective effect of GSTM1 and GSTT1 was found to be greater in mutant type and wild-type, respectively. and the DNA damage protective effect according to the combined genotype of GSTM1 and GSTT1 was different depending on the food group. On the other hand, in Korean Diet, the DNA damage protective effect appeared to be larger in GSTM1 wild-type than in mutant type and was found to not be affected by GSTT1 genotype. Conclusion: These results can be used as basic data to demonstrate the superiority of the antioxidant function of Korean dietary patterns and food groups. Furthermore, it may be a starting point to begin research on customized antioxidant nutrition according to individual genes.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.214-222
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• 2017

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Glutathione S-transferase (GST) forms a multigene family of phase II detoxification enzymes which are involved in the detoxification of xenobiotics by conjugating substances with glutathione. The aim of this study is to assess the antioxidative status and the degree of DNA damage in the subclinical hypertensive patients in Korea using glutathione S-transferase polymorphisms. SUBJECTS/METHODS: We examined whether DNA damage and antioxidative status show a difference between GSTM1 or GSTT1 genotype in 227 newly diagnosed, untreated (systolic blood pressure $(BP){\geq}130mmHg$ or diastolic $BP{\geq}85mmHg$) subclinical hypertensive patients and 130 normotensive subjects (systolic BP < 120 mmHg and diastolic BP < 80 mmHg). From the blood of the subjects, the degree of the DNA damage in lymphocyte, the activities of erythrocyte superoxide dismutase, the catalase, and the glutathione peroxidase, the level of glutathione, plasma total radical-trapping antioxidant potential (TRAP), anti-oxidative vitamins, as well as plasma lipid profiles and conjugated diene (CD) were analyzed. RESULTS: Of the 227 subjects studied, 68.3% were GSTM1 null genotype and 66.5% were GSTT1 null genotype. GSTM1 null genotype had an increased risk of hypertension (OR: 2.104, CI: 1.38-3.35), but no significant association in GSTT1 null genotype (OR 0.982, CI: 0.62-1.55). No difference in erythrocyte activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, or glutathione peroxidase, and plasma TRAP, CD, lipid profiles, and GSH levels were observed between GSTM1 or GSTT1 genotype. Plasma levels of ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ increased significantly in GSTT1 wild genotype (P < 0.05); however, plasma level of ${\beta}-carotene$ increased significantly in GSTT1 null genotype (P < 0.01). DNA damage assessed by the Comet assay was significantly higher in GSTM1 null genotype than wild genotype (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These results confirm the association between GSTM1 null genotype and risk of hypertension as they suggest that GSTM1 null genotype leads to an increased oxidative stress compared with wild genotype.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.40 no.8
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• pp.708-718
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• 2007

The purpose of this project was to evaluate whether vitamin E supplementation could improve the antioxidant status and lymphocyte DNA damage in Korean postmenopausal women. This was double blinded, placebo-controlled trial. Thirty-five subject were randomized to receive either placebo 400 mg/capsule or natural $\alpha$-tocopherol 400 IU/capsule, 2 times a day for 6 weeks. We measured plasma vitamin C, $\alpha$-tocopherol, $\gamma$-tocopherol, $\alpha$-carotenoid, $\beta$-carotenoid, lycopene concentration and tail length, %DNA in tail, tail moment in lymphocyte DNA damage index. Vitamin E supplementation group had significantly increased plasma vitamin C(p<0.05), $\alpha$-tocopherol(p<0.000), whereas $\gamma$-tocopherol(p<0.000) and tail length(p<0.05) were significantly decreased. However, placebo supplementation group also had significantly increased plasma vitamin C(p<0.05). In conclusion, our study shows that vitamin E supplementation to Korean postmenopausal women may partially improve antioxidant status and lymphocyte DNA damage.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.42 no.8
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• pp.750-758
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• 2009

Smoking is associated with an increased incidence of numerous cancers and other degenerative diseases. It has been suggested that high consumption of fruits and vegetables may give some protection. Especially carrot is the most important source of dietary ${\beta}$-carotene. Therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate whether carrot juice supplementation to smokers have different or superior effect of compared to the effect supplementing purified ${\beta}$-carotene. The study was conducted in a randomized and placebo-controlled design, after a depletion period of 14 days, 48 smokers were supplemented either carrot juice (n = 18), purified ${\beta}$-carotene (n = 16) or placebo (n = 14). Each group was supplemented for 8 weeks with approximately 20.49 mg of ${\beta}$-carotene/day and 1.2 mg of vitamin C/day, as carrot juice (300 mL/day) or purified ${\beta}$-carotene (1 capsule/day). Plasma vitamin C, vitamin E and ${\beta}$-carotene level were significantly increased after carrot juice and ${\beta}$-carotene supplementation. These results suggest that carrot juice containing ${\beta}$-carotene or ${\beta}$-carotene itself have similar antioxidative potentials by increasing the antioxidant potential in smokers. Therefore, we suggest moderate dose of vitamin supplementation (amount of two servings of vegetable intake) may help to replenish the decreased oxidative stress levels in smokers.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.785-793
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• 2010

This study aimed to identify particular foods that would be most appropriate as representatives foods of Daejeon, as well as the key factors affecting the branding of image of those foods. To achieve these aims we carried out a survey amongst 1,600 citizens and visitors. The Daejeon representative foods were determined to be Gujeuk Dotorimuk (Gu-jeuk acorn jelly), Hanbat Seolleongtang, Dolsotbap (stone pot mixed rice), Sutgol naengmyeon (Sutgol Cold Noodles), Daecheongho Minmulmaeuntang (Daecheong lake freshwater spicy fish soup) and Samgyetang (casserole of spatchcock with ginseng). These six dishes were designated as representative foods in 2001. Findings from the survey indicated the lowest level of brand! dish awareness was 11.6% generally and the top two preferences for the representative foods were ranked as, Samgyetang (24.8%) and Dolsotbap (23.6%). According to an awareness survey age differences played a significant role. Adults displayed a much higher awareness than younger generations. The survey also found that Daejeon city was strongly associated with images of science and technology, particularly areas such as Expo and the Daedeok Valley. This study's results suggests that developing a menu and marketing strategy based upon associated regional images may increase awareness for local foods among young consumers.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.129-140
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• 2012

Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute(KAERI) invested the technology and made the Research Institute Company, SunBioTech with Korea Colma in 2006. It is the first Research Institute Company, based on the 'Law for Daedeok Innopolis Development'. this company made a product of HemoHim which is the supportive functional food for the cancer treatment. This technology is very unique and get the Triad Patent Families. This paper deal with the new technology based innovation and the product is very sensitive because of the consumer oriented. We study the successful technology commercialization process of HemoHim and suggest a implication for the company and decision makers.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.401-410
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• 2016

Purpose: Water is magnetically charged upon contact with a magnet. Although magnetic water products have been promoted since the 1930's, they have not received wide acceptance since their effectiveness is still in question; however, some have reported their therapeutic effects on the body, especially the digestive, nervous, and urinary systems. Methods: In this study, the effect of magnetized water on glycemic control of 14 diabetic mice (CB57BK/KsJ-db/db) in comparison with 10 control mice (CB57BK/KsJ-db/+(db/+)) was investigated. Seven diabetic control (DMC) mice and seven diabetic mice + magnetized water (DM+MW) were kept for 16 weeks, followed by intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT). Weekly blood glucose was measured from tail veins. Blood obtained from heart puncture was used for HbA1c analysis. Results: Blood glucose level showed a significant difference starting from the $10^{th}$ week of study ($496.1{\pm}10.2mg/dl$ in DMC vs. $437.9{\pm}76.9mg/dl$ in DM+MW). Blood glucose followed by IPGTT showed no significant difference between groups at 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min, although glucose level at 180 min was significantly reduced in DM+MW mice. Plasma insulin level in DM+MW groups was only 39.5% of that of DMC groups ($5.97{\pm}1.69ng/ml$ in DMC vs. $2.36{\pm}0.94ng/ml$ in DM+MW). Levels of HbA1c were 12.4% and 9.7% in DMC and DM+MW groups, respectively. Conclusion: These results show the promising therapeutic effect of magnetized water in regulating blood glucose homeostasis; however, long-term supplementation or mechanistic study is necessary.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.28-41
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• 2023

The objective of the study was to develop an Urban Windway Forest Creation Planning Technique for the Improvement of the Urban Environment using the case of Daejeon Metropolitan City. Through a spatial analysis of fine dust and heat waves, a basin zone, in which the concentration was relatively serious, was derived, and an area with the potential of cold air flow was selected as the target area for the windway forest development by analyzing the climate and winds in the relevant zone. Extreme fine dust areas included the areas of the Daejeon Industrial Complex Regeneration Business District in Daedeok-gu and Daedeok Techno Valley in Yuseong-gu. Heat wave areas included the areas of Daedeok industrial Complex in Moksang-dong, the Daejeon Industrial Complex Regeneration Business District in Daehwa-dong, and the high-density residential area in Ojeong-dong. As a result of measuring the wind speeds in Daejeon with an Automatic Weather System, the average wind speeds during the day and night were 0.1 to 1.7 m/s,, respectively. So, a plan of for a windway forest that smoothly induces the movement of cold air formed in outer forests at night is required. The fine dust/heat wave intensive management zones of Daejeon Metropolitan City were Daejeoncheon, Yudeungcheon, Gapcheon-Yudeungcheon, and Gapcheon. The windway forest formation plan case involved the old city center of Daejeon Metropolitan City among the four zones, the Gapcheon-Yudeungcheon area, in which the windway formation effect was presumed to be high. The Gapcheon-Yudeungcheon area is a downtown area that benefits from the cold and fresh air generated on Mt. Gyejok and Mt. Wuseong, which are outer forests. Accordingly, the windway forest was planned to spread the cold air to the city center by connecting the cold air generated in the Seosa-myeon forest of Mt. Gyejok and the Namsa-myeon forest of Mt. Wuseong through Gapcheon, Yudeungcheon, and street forests. After selecting the target area for the wind ventilation forest, a climate map and wind formation function evaluation map were prepared for the area, the status of variation wind profiles (night), the status of fine dust generation, and the surface temperature distribution status were grasped in detail. The wind ventilation forest planning concept and detailed target sites by type were identified through this. In addition, a detailed action plan was established according to the direction of creation and setting of the direction of creation for each type of wind ventilation forest.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.447-458
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was conducted among 235 children aged 3 up to 11 yrs to examine the relationship between subjects' eating behaviors and obesity. Methods: The subjects were divided into three age groups: preschoolers aged 3 to 5 yrs, early elementary school students aged 6 to 8 yrs, and late elementary school students aged 9 to 11 yrs. As a tool for eating behaviors, the recently developed nutrition quotient (NQ) questionnaire was utilized. By age group, scores were gathered and calculated in the five factors, "Balance", "Diversity", "Moderation", "Regularity", and "Practice", which make up the NQ scores. Results: The NQ scores among those aged 3 to 5, 6 to 8, and 9 to 11 yrs did not exhibit any significant differences. Among the scores for the five factors of the NQ, the Diversity scores of those aged 9 to 11 yrs were significantly higher than the scores of those aged 3 to 5 and those aged 6 to 8 yrs. The scores of those aged 3 to 5 and those aged 6 to 8 yrs were higher than the scores of those aged 9 to 11 yrs in Moderation and Regularity. When the subjects were divided into loww-eight/normal and overweight/obese groups, among those aged 6 to 8 yrs, the NQ scores, Moderation, Regularity, and Practice scores were higher in the overweight/obese group than those in the low-weight/normal group. Among those aged 9 to 11 yrs, the overweight/obese group scored higher than the low-weight/normal group only in the Moderation component. Conclusion: From the results, to prevent obesity in elementary school students, it is practical to focus on training related to eating behavior items included in the Moderation component. Furthermore, personalized instructions on eating behaviors and nutritional education based on age are necessary to prevent obesity in children.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.145-168
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• 2007

Current researches have been proceed on CEO's Characteristics of venture business because the CEO has considered as one of the important factors for the success of venture business. But prior research on the performance of venture business has produced inconsistently in terms of CEO's characteristics. The purpose of this study is to develop a comprehensive model for the relation between the performance and a type of CEO's characteristics by a growth process of venture business, which is the main subject of analysis in venture business. Also, this study analyzes various CEO's characteristics and the effects for performance of venture business which are in the Daedeok valley. To achieve the purpose of this research, an empirical study by using research model and hypotheses including the general characteristics of venture business and CEO's demographic characteristics has been presented as a research method for relation analysis. The principal findings of the research and its significance are summarized as follows: First, it was found that there is a significant different in the performance of CEO's behavioral characteristics by the scale, type and growing step of organization for venture business. Second, it was found that there is not a significant between an academic career, management experience, foundation experience for business and related working experience of venture CEO and the performance, but there os a partially significant difference in CEO's behavioral characteristics. Third, it was found that there is a partially significant difference between CEO's behavioral characteristics of venture business and the performance by the general characteristics of organization for venture business and demographic characteristics. In conclusion, in spite of the insufficient research for venture business in Daedeok, the implications of theses findings and contributions made by this research is to confirm the characteristics factor of CEO for venture business and general characteristics of organization for venture business by multidisciplinary side. In addition, the findings provide the basis for the analyzing of managerial strong point and weak point referred to supporting system for venture business. Finally, the findings of this study suggest that the results should be a useful data for groping a solution for upbringing plans in terms of a long-term point of view.