• Annual Conference of KIPS
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.1609-1612
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• 2004

Ad hoc network is a kind of new wireless network paradigm for mobile hosts. Ad Hoc wireless networks consist of wireless mobile hosts forming a temporary network without the aid of any established infrastructure or centralized administration. Mobile hosts rely on each other to keep the network connected. Each host is not only mobile hosts but also router. So how to design a routing protocol is the most important problem. Dynamic source routing is a kind of routing protocol. In this paper we suggest a new automatic route shortening method and an energy-aware routing mechanism based on DSR.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.325-336
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• 2005

Mobile ad hoc networks (MANET) are composed of moving wireless hosts which, within range of each other, form wireless networks. For communication to occur between hosts that are not within each other's range, routes involving intermediate nodes must be established; however, since the hosts may be in motion, a host that was part of a route may move away from its upstream and downstream partners, thus breaking the route. In this paper, we propose anticipated route maintenance (ARM) protocol with two extensions to route discovery based routing scheme: Extend the route when nodes on a link move apart from each other and they have common neighbor that can be 'inserted' in the path, and shrink route when a node discovers that one of its neighbor which is not the next hop is also on the same route several hops later on. By utilizing only local geographic information (now a part of some route finding algorithms), a host can anticipate its neighbor's departure and, if other hosts are available, choose a host to bridge the gap, keeping the path connected. We present a distributed algorithm that anticipates route failure and performs preventative route maintenance using location information to increase a route lifespan. The benefits are that this reduces the need to find new routes (which is very expensive) and prevents interruptions in service. As the density of nodes increases, the chance to successfully utilize our route maintenance approach increases, and so does the savings. We have compared the performance of two protocols, pure dynamic source routing (DSR) protocol and DSR with ARM. The simulation results show how ARM improves the functionality of DSR by preventing the links in the route from breaking. Packets delivery ratio could be increased using ARM and achieved approximately $\100%$ improvement. The simulations clarify also how ARM shows a noticeable improvement in dropped packets and links stability over DSR, even though there is more traffic and channel overhead in ARM.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.101-107
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• 2011

The background noises and distortions by channel are major factors that disturb the practical use of speech recognition. Usually, noise reduce the performance of speech recognition system DSR(Distributed Speech Recognition) based speech recognition also bas difficulty of improving performance for this reason. Therefore, to improve DSR-based speech recognition under noisy environment, this paper proposes a method which detects accurate speech region to extract accurate features. The proposed method distinguish speech and noise by using entropy and detection of spectral energy of speech. The speech detection by the spectral energy of speech shows good performance under relatively high SNR(SNR 15dB). But when the noise environment varies, the threshold between speech and noise also varies, and speech detection performance reduces under low SNR(SNR 0dB) environment. The proposed method uses the spectral entropy and harmonics of speech for better speech detection. Also, the performance of AFE is increased by precise speech detections. According to the result of experiment, the proposed method shows better recognition performance under noise environment.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.352-359
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• 2012

One hundred thirty-four putative Bacillus isolates were recovered from soybean rhizosphere soils of Nimar region to select effective zinc solubilizers for increased assimilation of zinc (Zn) in soybean seeds. These isolates were screened in vitro for zinc-solubilization ability on Tris-minimal agar medium supplemented separately with 0.1% zinc in the form of zinc oxide, zinc phosphate, and zinc carbonate. Of all, 9 isolates and a reference Bacillus cereus ATCC 13061 were characterized and identified as Bacillus species based on Gram-positive reaction, endospore-forming cells, and the presence of iso-$C_{15:0}$ and anteiso-$C_{15:0}$ as predominant fatty acids. On plate assay, two isolates KHBD-6 and KHBAR-1 showed a greater diameter of solubilization halo and colony diameter on all the three zinc compounds. The isolates KHBD-6, KHBAR-1, BDSD-2-2C, and KHTH-4-1 and the reference strain ATCC 13061 had higher soluble zinc concentration in liquid medium supplemented with zinc phosphate and zinc carbonate compounds as compared with the other isolates and uninoculated control. Evaluation under microcosm conditions showed that inoculation of isolates KHBD-6 (57.34 ${\mu}g/g$), KHBAR-1 (55.67 ${\mu}g/g$), and strain ATCC 13061 (53.10 ${\mu}g/g$) significantly increased the Zn concentration in soybean seeds as compared with the other isolates and uninoculated control (47.14 ${\mu}g/g$). This study suggests the occurrence of zinc-solubilizing Bacillus in soils of Nimar region and isolates KHBD-6 and KHBAR-1 were found to be promising zinc solubilizers for increased assimilation of Zn in soybean seeds.

• Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.252-259
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• 2003

In the case of link congestion, most of the existing ad-hoc routing protocols like AODV and DSR do not try to discover a new route if there is no change in the network topology. Hence, with low mobility, traffic may get concentrated on some specific nodes. Since mobile devices have low battery power and low computing capability, traffic concentration on a specific node is not a desirable phenomenon. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a new protocol called SLAP (Simple Load-balancing Ad-hoc routing Protocol) which resolves the traffic concentration problem by letting each node check its own load situation and give up its role as a packet forwarder gracefully in the case of high traffic load. We compare the performance of SLAP with that of AODV and DSR in terms of the forwarding traffic distribution.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.343-364
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• 2021

In the 5G era, the communication networks tend to be ultra-densified, which will improve the accuracy of indoor positioning and further improve the quality of positioning service. In this study, we propose an indoor three-dimensional (3D) dynamic reconstruction fingerprint matching algorithm (DSR-FP) in a 5G ultra-dense network. The first step of the algorithm is to construct a local fingerprint matrix having low-rank characteristics using partial fingerprint data, and then reconstruct the local matrix as a complete fingerprint library using the FPCA reconstruction algorithm. In the second step of the algorithm, a dynamic base station matching strategy is used to screen out the best quality service base stations and multiple sub-optimal service base stations. Then, the fingerprints of the other base station numbers are eliminated from the fingerprint database to simplify the fingerprint database. Finally, the 3D estimated coordinates of the point to be located are obtained through the K-nearest neighbor matching algorithm. The analysis of the simulation results demonstrates that the average relative error between the reconstructed fingerprint database by the DSR-FP algorithm and the original fingerprint database is 1.21%, indicating that the accuracy of the reconstruction fingerprint database is high, and the influence of the location error can be ignored. The positioning error of the DSR-FP algorithm is less than 0.31 m. Furthermore, at the same signal-to-noise ratio, the positioning error of the DSR-FP algorithm is lesser than that of the traditional fingerprint matching algorithm, while its positioning accuracy is higher.

• CELLMED
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.10.1-10.2
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• 2018

The aims of this article is to examine that Daegeum Sanjo Rhythm (DSR) compare with Jinyang-jangdan and Jajinmori-jangdan on music therapy. Daegeum has the largest range of notes in wind instruments through Korean music. Jangdan is the essential element of rhythm in Korean music. Just as human body sound and resonant with their rhyme and meters, jangdan has its own rhythms of physical structures and sequence and repeat. Jinyang-jangdan, which is close to western minor code, expresses heartbreaking grief and great mourning feeling, so it makes one feel the catharsis through that rhythm. Jinyang-jangdan of daegeum music may be slow, but it can be sublimated into grim music for human. So, people overcome the sadness through grim music. On the other hand, jajinmori-jangdan gives charm and gaiety to people and to everything. So, it is exciting that it's often performed in festival and parade. Rhythmical music is a tool to improve the well-being of humanity and increase our life choices. Therefore, music therapy surely needs both influences of daegeum sanjo music regardless of the rhythm. Because, daegeum sanjo music is nature-friendly music of the rhythm.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.920-926
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• 2007

Establishing a fixed path for the message delivery through a wireless network is impossible due to the mobility. Among the number of routing protocols that have been proposed for wireless ad-hoc networks, the AODV(Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector) algorithm is suitable in the case of highly dynamic topology changes, along with ZigBee Routing(ZBR), with the exception of route maintenance. Accordingly, this paper introduces a routing scheme focusing on the energy efficiency and route discovery time for wireless alarm systems using IEEE 802.15.4-based ZigBee. Essentially, the proposed routing algorithm utilizes a cluster structure and applies ZBR within a cluster and DSR (Dynamic Source Routing) between clusters. The proposed algorithm does not require a routing table for the cluster heads, as the inter-cluster routing is performed using DSR. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated and compared with ZBR using an NS2 simulator. The results confirm that the proposed Cluster-based AODV (CAODV) algorithm is more efficient than ZBR in terms of the route discovery time and energy consumption.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2004.08a
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• pp.207-215
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• 2004

There are various characteristics called for in work roll and intermediate rolls for cold rolling mills. Among these characteristics, the two main requirements are to ensure the quality of the rolled products and to reduce roll cost. To achieve these needs, resistance to wear, to thermal shock and to contact fatigue are especially important. This paper describes that new material(named DSR1) for intermediate rolls which greatly increases rolling campaign and improves resistance to wear has been developed. DSR1 was successfully manufactured and has been used in the cold rolling mill. It showed that Trial product was homogenous in hardness distribution and sufficient usable diameter. Also in service test, trial product is much more excellent rolling performance than conventional $5\%Cr$.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.223-230
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• 1988

Emax, end-systolic pressure-volume relationship, has been established as a new concept which can be representative of ventricular contractility itself since 1970s. Comparing to ejection fraction[EF], Emax is independent of preload and afterload. However Emax has not been proved precisely in non-thoracotomized condition because current methods have limitation in measuring ventricular chamber volume accurately in in viva state. The Dynamic Spatial Reconstructor[DSR], high speed computerized tomography, can measure ventricular chamber volume accurately throughout cardiac cycle in non-thoracotomized state. So Emax and EF of the left ventricle was tried to measure precisely in in vivo condition with DSR. Emax was compared to EF to estimate its ability to evaluate ventricular contractility. 5 mongrel dogs, weighing 15-16kg, were used for measuring Emax and EF of the left ventricle in 3 or 4 different loading conditions using DSR. Emax value in 5 dogs was from 2.62 to 10.49. Each dog has one Emax value regardless of loading conditions. However EF in 5 dogs varies depending on loading conditions. The conclusions are that Emax is useful in in viva state and EF varies depending on loading conditions. So Emax should be tried to use in clinical situation rather than EF because it is always representative of contractility itself regardless loading conditions in in viva state.