• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.284-296
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• 2023

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to compare 24-h diet recall (DR) and 24-h urine collection (UC) for estimating sodium and potassium intakes and their ratio (Na/K), identifying factors associated with sodium and potassium intakes and Na/K, and identifying those who were likely to underestimate sodium and potassium intakes by DR. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A total of 640 healthy adults aged 19-69 yrs completed a questionnaire survey, salty taste assessment, anthropometric measurement, two 24-h DRs, and two 24-h UCs. RESULTS: The mean sodium and potassium intakes and Na/K were 3,755 mg/d, 2,737 mg/d, and 1.45 according to DR, and 4,145 mg/d, 2,812 mg/d, and 1.57 according to UC, with percentage differences of -9.4%, -2.7%, and -7.6% in the values between the two methods, respectively. Men, older adults, smokers, obese individuals, those who consumed all the liquid in the soup, and those who were found to be salty in the salty taste assessment consumed significantly more sodium; older adults, the heavy- activity group, and obese individuals consumed more potassium; and men, younger adults, smokers, and obese individuals had a significantly higher Na/K, according to UC. Compared with UC, DR was more likely to underestimate sodium intake in older adults, smokers, obese individuals, those who consumed all the liquid in the soup, and those who consumed eating-out/delivery food at least once a day, and potassium intake in older adults, the heavy-activity group, and obese individuals. CONCLUSIONS: The mean sodium and potassium intakes and Na/K estimated by DR were comparable to those measured by UC. However, the association of sodium and potassium intakes with sociodemographic and health-related factors showed inconsistent results when estimated by DR and UC. Factors influencing the underestimation of sodium intake by DR compared to UC should be further investigated.

• Journal of Cerebrovascular and Endovascular Neurosurgery
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.275-287
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• 2023

Objective: Flow diverting stents (FDS) are a validated device in the treatment of intracranial aneurysms, allowing for minimally invasive intervention. However, after its approval for use in the United States in 2011, post-market surveillance of adverse events is limited. This study aims to address this critical knowledge gap by analyzing the FDA Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience (MAUDE) database for patient and device related (PR and DR) reports of adverse events and malfunctions. Methods: Using post-market surveillance data from the MAUDE database, PR and DR reports from January 2012-December 2021 were extracted, compiled, and analyzed with R-Studio version 2021.09.2. PR and DR reports with insufficient information were excluded. Raw information was organized, and further author generated classifications were created for both PR and DR reports. Results: A total of 2203 PR and 4017 DR events were recorded. The most frequently reported PR adverse event categories were cerebrovascular (60%), death (11%), and neurological (8%). The most frequent PR adverse event reports were death (11%), thrombosis/thrombus (9%) cerebral infarction (8%), decreased therapeutic response (7%), stroke/cerebrovascular accident (6%), intracranial hemorrhage (5%), aneurysm (4%), occlusion (4%), headache (4%), neurological deficit/dysfunction (3%). The most frequent DR reports were activation/positioning/separation problems (52%), break (9%), device operates differently than expected (4%), difficult to open or close (4%), material deformation (3%), migration or expulsion of device (3%), detachment of device or device component (2%). Conclusions: Post-market surveillance is important to guide patient counselling and identify adverse events and device problems that were not identified in initial trials. We present frequent reports of several types of cerebrovascular and neurological adverse events as well as the most common device shortcomings that should be explored by manufacturers and future studies. Although inherent limitations to the MAUDE database are present, our results highlight important PR and DR complications that can help optimize patient counseling and device development.

• 전기의세계
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• v.60 no.9
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• pp.38-43
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• 2011

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.259-265
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• 2017

Excessive influx and the subsequent rapid cytosolic elevation of $Ca^{2+}$ in neurons is the major cause to induce hyperexcitability and irreversible cell damage although it is an essential ion for cellular signalings. Therefore, most neurons exhibit several cellular mechanisms to homeostatically regulate cytosolic $Ca^{2+}$ level in normal as well as pathological conditions. Delayed rectifier $K^+$ channels ($I_{DR}$ channels) play a role to suppress membrane excitability by inducing $K^+$ outflow in various conditions, indicating their potential role in preventing pathogenic conditions and cell damage under $Ca^{2+}$-mediated excitotoxic conditions. In the present study, we electrophysiologically evaluated the response of $I_{DR}$ channels to hyperexcitable conditions induced by high $Ca^{2+}$ pretreatment (3.6 mM, for 24 hours) in cultured hippocampal neurons. In results, high $Ca^{2+}$-treatment significantly increased the amplitude of $I_{DR}$ without changes of gating kinetics. Nimodipine but not APV blocked $Ca^{2+}$-induced $I_{DR}$ enhancement, confirming that the change of $I_{DR}$ might be targeted by $Ca^{2+}$ influx through voltage-dependent $Ca^{2+}$ channels (VDCCs) rather than NMDA receptors (NMDARs). The VDCC-mediated $I_{DR}$ enhancement was not affected by either $Ca^{2+}$-induced $Ca^{2+}$ release (CICR) or small conductance $Ca^{2+}$-activated $K^+$ channels (SK channels). Furthermore, PP2 but not H89 completely abolished $I_{DR}$ enhancement under high $Ca^{2+}$ condition, indicating that the activation of Src family tyrosine kinases (SFKs) is required for $Ca^{2+}$-mediated $I_{DR}$ enhancement. Thus, SFKs may be sensitive to excessive $Ca^{2+}$ influx through VDCCs and enhance $I_{DR}$ to activate a neuroprotective mechanism against $Ca^{2+}$-mediated hyperexcitability in neurons.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.24
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• pp.10697-10703
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• 2015

The laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors occurring in the head and neck. Tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis induce ligand (TRAIL) and TRAIL-receptors (DR4, DR5, DcR1, DcR2) are known as important members of TRAIL-mediated biochemical signaling pathway. Associations between polymorphisms in these genes and clinicopathological characteristics of human laryngeal carcinoma are not well defined. This study therefore aimed to investigate a possible relationship among the TRAIL and TRAIL-DR4 polymorphisms and sTRAIL levels in the risk or progression of LSCC. A total of 99 patients with laryngeal cancer and 120 healthy subjects were enrolled in the study. DR4 C626G and TRAIL 1595 C/T genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis and sTRAIL levels were measured by ELISA. There were significant differences in the distribution of DR4 C626G genotypes and frequencies of the alleles between laryngeal cancer patients and controls (p<0.001) but not in TRAIL 1595 C/T. We found the increased frequency of the DR4 C626G homozygote CC genotype in patients than in controls (p<0.001). Haplotype analysis revealed that there was also a statistically significant relationship between TRAIL and TRAIL-DR4 polymorphisms and laryngeal cancer. Serum sTRAIL levels in the laryngeal patients with CC genotype who had advanced tumour stage were lower than those of patients with early tumor stage (p=0.014). Our findings suggest that DR4 C626G genotypes and sTRAIL levels might be associated with progression of laryngeal cancer in the Turkish population.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2006.11b
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• pp.802-810
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• 2006

For a thorough train control, the precise train position detection is necessarily required. The widely used current way for train position detection is the one of using track circuits. The track circuit has a simple structure, and has a high level of reliability. However trains can be detected only on track circuits, which have to be installed on all ground sections, and much amount of cost for its installation and maintenance is needed. In addition, for the track circuit, only discontinuous position detection is possible because of the features of the closed circuit loop configuration. As the recent advances in telecommunication technologies and high-tech vehicle-based control equipments, for the train position detection, the method to detect positions directly from on trains is being studied. Vehicle-based position detection method is to estimate train positions, speed, timing data continuously, and to use them as the control information. In this paper, the features of GPS navigation and DR navigation are analyzed, and the navigation filters are designed by constructing vehicle-based train position detection method by combining GPS navigation and DR navigation for their complementary cooperation, and by using kalman filter. The position estimation performance of the proposed method is also confirmed by simulations.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.333-341
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• 1998

The novel integrated device, 1.55 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ DR-LD(distrbuted reflector laser diode) integrated EA-MOD (electro-absorption modulator) as light source, is proposed to improve the device yield and its operational performances. This device can be easily fabricated by the selective MOVPE technique and its fabrication processes are almost the same as the reported 1.55 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ DFB-LD(distributed feedback laser diode) integrated EA-MOD except the asymmetric gratings. The static and dynamic properties are investigated simultaneously by solving the transfer matrix method for light propagation, the time-dependent rate equation for carrier change and schr$\"{o}$dinger equation for QCSE (Quantum-Confined Stark Effect). The performances of the proposed device such as output power, chirp, and extinction ratio are compared with those of DFB-LD integrated EA-MOD. Under 10Gb/s NRZ modulation, we obtain that DR-LD integrated EA-MOD. is 30% higher in output power on the on-state, about 50% lower in chirp, and slightly larger in extinction ratio than DFB-LD integrated EA-MOD.-MOD.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.123-130
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• 2015

In this study, a carrier smoothed global positioning system / dead reckoning (CSGPS/DR) integrated system for high-precision trajectory estimation for the purpose of vehicle navigation was proposed. Existing code-based GPS has a low position accuracy, and carrier-phase differential global positioning system (CPDGPS) has a long waiting time for high-precision positioning and has a problem of high cost due to the establishment of infrastructure. To resolve this, the continuity of a trajectory was guaranteed by integrating CSGPS and DR. The results of the experiment indicated that the trajectory precision of the code-based GPS showed an error performance of more than 30cm, while that of the CSGPS/DR integrated system showed an error performance of less than 10cm. Based on this, it was found that the trajectory precision of the proposed CSGPS/DR integrated system is superior to that of the code-based GPS.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.33 no.10
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• pp.3423-3426
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• 2012

Dielectric measurement on binary mixtures of Allyl chloride (ALC) with 2-Pentanone (2-PE) and 2-Hexanone (2-HE) has been carried out over the entire concentration range using Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) technique at various temperatures in microwave frequency range of 10 MHz to 10 GHz. The static dielectric constant, excess static dielectric constant (${\varepsilon}^E_S$), effective Kirkwood correlation factor ($g^{eff}$) of binary mixtures over entire concentration range were determined to study the effect of increasing alkyl group of ketones on hetero molecular interaction. It was found that magnitude of excess static dielectric constant of mixtures increases with increase of alky group of ketones. The study reveals that the dipole moment of Allyl chloride in mixture have antiparallelism tendency where as 2-pentanone and 2-hexanone have parallelism tendency. Excess static dielectric constant is also fitted to Redlich-Kister equation to get information about rates of multimers formation.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.40 no.10
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• pp.35-42
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• 2003

In this paper, we classified the wavelength reservation mechanisms of optical burst switching (OBS), and investigated the path length priority effect of the offset time/delayed reservation (OT/DR)-based scheme like the just-enough-time (JET) protocol. And, we showed that the fiber delay line (FDL)-based scheme can avoid the path length priority effect in multiple hop network environments. Also, we proposed a novel FDL/DR with hop-by-hop priority increasing (HPI) scheme which can improve the end-to-end throughput by increasing the priority of bursts hop-by-hop using the input FDLs at each node. The simulation results showed that the proposed FDL/DR with HPI scheme could avoid the path length priority effect and enhance the end-to-end throughput in multiple hop network environments.