• Korean Journal of Digital Imaging in Medicine
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.133-138
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to survey and test quality control of mammography system. The conclusion of this study is as follows ; First, The rate of pass for phantom image test shows that Film-Screen mammography system(F/S) and computed mammography system(CR) is 80%, Indirect digital mammography system(DR) is 100%. Second, The test of exposure dose shows that F/S is 921 mR. CR is 1,140 mR, DR is 474 mR. The grade of this testament is CR > F/S > DR. Third, The test of average glandular dose shows that F/S is 1,336 mGy, CR is 1,635 mGy, DR is 1,26 mGy. The grade of this testament is CR > F/S > DR. Fourth, The testament of resolution shows as follows F/S is 11~13 Lp/mm, CR is 4~5 Lp/mm, and DR is 5~7 Lp/mm(F/S > DR > CR) Fifth, The survey of projection, cassette, development and reading shows that user are indifference.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.269-275
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• 2001

In land navigation applications, two kinds of GPS/DR integration schemes are commonly used; the loosely-coupled integration scheme and the tightly-coupled one. The loosely-coupled integration filter has a simple structure and is easy to implement. When the number of visible satellites is insufficient, however, it cannot calibrate the errors of the DR sensors. On the contrary the tigthly-coupled integration filter can sup-press the growth of the error in the DR output even when the visibility is poor. However, it has larger com-putation load due to the state dimension and is inconsistent because of the variation in the measurement dimension. This paper presents a GPS/DR integration scheme with dual integration mode. During when the number of visible satellites is sufficient, the proposed scheme operates in a loosely-coupled integration mode. When the visibility becomes poor, it is switched into a tightly-coupled integration mode. Consequently, the pro-posed scheme can calibrate the DR sensors even when the visibility is poor. In addition, its computation time remains constant even if the number of visible satellites increases. Field experiment results show that the performance of the proposed integration method is almost similar to that of the tightly-coupled one.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.22 no.11
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• pp.967-976
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• 2016

This paper presents a 3D carrier-smoothed GNSS/DR (Global Navigation Satellite System/Dead Reckoning) integrated system for precise ground-vehicle trajectory estimation. For precise DR navigation on sloping roads, the AHRS (Attitude Heading Reference System) methodology is employed. By combining the integrated carrier phase of GNSS and DR sensor measurements, a vehicle trajectory with an accuracy of less than 20cm is obtained even when cycle slip or change of visibility occur. In order to supplement the weak GNSS environment with DR successfully, the DR sensor is precisely compensated for using GNSS Doppler measurements when GNSS visibility is good. By integrating a multi-GNSS receiver with low-cost IMU, a precise 3D navigation system for land vehicles is proposed in this paper. For real-time implementation, a decoupled Kalman filter is employed in the integrated system. Through field experiments, the performance of the proposed system is verified in various road environments, including sloping roads, good-visibility areas, high multi-path areas, and under-ground parking areas.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.33-40
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• 2001

The aim of present study was to define the cellular mechanisms underlying changes in delayed rectifier $K^+\;(K_{DR})$ channel function in isoproterenol-induced hypertrophy. It has been proposed that $K_{DR}$ channels play a role in regulation of vascular tone by limiting membrane depolarization in arterial smooth muscle cells. The alterations of the properties of coronary $K_{DR}$ channels have not been studied as a possible mechanism for impaired coronary reserve in cardiac hypertrophy. The present study was carried out to compare the properties of coronary $K_{DR}$ channels in normal and hypertrophied hearts. These channels were measured from rabbit coronary smooth muscle cells using a patch clamp technique. The main findings of the study are as follows: (1) the $K_{DR}$ current density was decreased without changes of the channel kinetics in isoproterenol-induced hypertrophy; (2) the sensitivity of coronary $K_{DR}$ channels to 4-AP was increased in isoproterenol-induced hypertrophy. From the above results, we suggest for the first time that the alteration of $K_{DR}$ channels may limit vasodilating responses to several stimuli and may be involved in impaired coronary reserve in isoproterenol-induced hypertrophy.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.189-195
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• 2009

Objectives : In this study, the effect of Dipsaci Radix(DR, Dipsacus asperoides C.Y. Cheng et T. M. Ai) water extract on LPS-induced inflammatory response in RAW264.7 cells were investigated. Methods : Dried roots of DR was extracted with water for 3 h(DR-W extract). RAW264.7 cells, a mouse macrophage line, were incubated with different concentrations of DR-W extract for 30 min and then stimulated with LPS at indicated times. Cell toxicity was determined by MTT assay. The concentrations of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) were measured by Griess assay and enzyme immunoassay (EIA), respectively. The expression of inducible nitric oxide synthease (iNOS) and cyclooxyganase (COX)-2 mRNA and protein was determined by RT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. Results : DR-W extract was significantly inhibited LPS-induced productions of NO and PGE2 in RAW264.7 cells. DR-W extract was not suppressed the expressions of iNOS mRNA and protein in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Conclusions : This study suggests that DR-W extract can attenuate inflammatory response via inhibition of the NO and PGE2 production in activated macrophages.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.239-254
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• 2006

The 3rd Japan-Korea Workshop on Acupuncture and EBM was held at Kanazawa on June $16^{th}$. From Korea team, 4 papers were presented. Dr. Hahn introduced a new approach of data analysis on series of n-of-1 trials using the Bayesian statistics. It offered important information for the future n-of-1 trials. Dr. Park clearly demonstrated the significance of various sham devices proposed and stressed the importance of research questions when we choose the control intervention in RCT. Dr. Lee reported the results of survey in Korean Medical Doctors (KMD) for their point selection and techniques to the distal and local points. Dr. Kim presented the results of face to face survey on the KMD with 28 items for acupuncture treatment on the knee OA. Finally, a draft of protocol was introduced by Dr. Kim. The title was "multi-center, a randomized, single blinded, two arms, parallel-group study to compare the effectiveness and safety of 'individualized acupuncture' and 'standardized minimal acupuncture' in Korean and Japanese patients with knee osteoarthritis (Phase IV)". From Japan team, 7 speakers presented their comments and proposals on the protocol. Dr. Takahashi introduced several issues regarding n-of-1 trials and pointed out the importance of obtaining generalizability from n-of-1 trials. Dr. Shichidou pointed the importance of research design, selection of outcome measures and reduction of biases. Dr. Itoh presented the results of point selection for the knee OA based on the literature survey. Dr. Sumiya introduced several differences between KMD and Japanese acupuncturists based on the questionnaire used in KMD survey. Dr. Furuya demonstrated a result of press tack needle and its sham device on shoulder stiffness. Dr. Yamashita introduced the results of literature survey regarding adverse events occurred by acupuncture on knee OA. Dr.Tsukayama stressed the importance of responsibility of Institutional Review Board (IRB) for the conduction of clinical trials. After several issues were discussed, the need of continued meeting for final protocol development was agreed, then the workshop was closed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.8 no.7
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• pp.417-422
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• 2014

In this study, the influence degree of the scattering of the line depending on the incident energy of the radiation objective was to evaluate a new method of quantitative methods of PSNR is provided.Value of MSE and PSNR of the DR and the Target is placed at the left when there was no change in CR Target, the change appeared to ttaran MSE and PSNR value in tube voltage. Both CR and DR seen that there is a variation of the MSE and PSNR depending on the tube voltage change Computon showed that the scattered radiation effects. If the CR and DR 80 The changes in the MSE and PSNR experience the symptoms suddenly occur in areas kVp was found to affect the optoelectronic Computon E, and at the same time, the scattered radiation detector Computon Computon by scattering due to the photoelectric effect. CR and DR of the imaging device in the future on the basis of the energy bands of the photoelectric effect of 60 kVp 70 kVp, 80 kVp, 90 kVp, compares the value of the PSNR and MSE 100 kVp in accordance with the change of the tube voltage of the CR and device DR proposes jigil scattering study of the degradation of the line quality is achieved.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.31 no.7
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• pp.1859-1862
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• 2010

A convenient one-pot condensation route has been developed for obtaining 5-[(2-(piperidin-1-yl) quinolin-3-yl) methylene]-2,4-thiazolidinediones using multicomponents, 2-chloro-3-formyl quinolines, piperidine, 2,4-thiazolidinedione and safer medium/mediator, polyethylene glycol-400.

• Journal of The Korean Radiological Technologist Association
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.111-116
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• 2004

According to technical development of DR modality, DR mortality is being produced by a lot of medical equipment companies ant established quirky in the hospital. Many hospitals which established the existing PACS is planning replacement of modality accord

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.31 no.8
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• pp.2329-2332
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• 2010

Cyclocondensation of 2-aminothiophenol and aryl/heteryl aldehydes has been carried using biomimetic catalyst, $\beta$-Cyclodextrin in water and obtained 2-aryl/heteryl benzothiazoles with better to excellent yields. This biomimetic catalyzed route is simple, economic, and environmentally benign.