• Food Engineering Progress
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.221-229
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• 2011

Optimization study of the hot water extraction for enhancing antioxidative activity from Auricularia auricula was performed by Taguchi approach using orthogonal matrix $L_9(3^4)$ method. The correlation between DPPH radical scavenging activity and the components of samples extracted from different extraction conditions were also analyzed. The correlation coefficient between DPPH radical scavenging activity and melanin content of A. auricula were 0.93, indicating 'good correlation'. The optimum extraction conditions was obtained at the extraction time of 1 hr. temperature of $85^{\circ}C$, solid: water ratio of 1: 40(w/v) and frequency of 2 times. Under these conditions, values of maximum DPPH free radical scavenging activity and melanin contents of A. auricula were $67.21{\pm}2.17$ and $52.94{\pm}2.10 mg/g$, respectively. Melanin content of 1.6 times and DPPH free radical scavenging effect of 130% were enhanced by optimization.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.295-301
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• 2015

Biological compounds such as crude saponin and total polyphenol were determined in Allium hookeri roots and leaves. In addition, activities of DPPH radical scavenging activity, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, ${\alpha}$-amylase inhibition activity and nitrite scavenging were detected in concentrates of 70% ethanol extracts of Allium hookeri roots and leaves. The crude saponin content of the roots and leaves were 4.28 mg/g, and 4.17 mg/g, respectively. Total polyphenol and total flavonoid content was higher in leaves than roots. Furthermore the DPPH radical scavenging activity and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities of leaves was higher than roots. For ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activity, 70% ethanol extracts of Allium hookeri roots and leaves showed 60% activity inhibition at a 10 mg/mL concentration. Nitrite scavenging abilities under acidic conditions were most effective for Allium hookeri leaves extracts. These results suggested that Allium hookeri leaves might be used as the components of health functional food.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.111-116
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• 2008

Aralia elata seeds were successively extracted with water, methanol, ethanol, acetone and chloroform. The crude extracts were investigated for antioxidant and antidiabetic activities. The antioxidant properties of various extracts were evaluated by antioxidant tests, such as DPPH free radical-scavenging activity, hydroxyl radical-scavenging assay, metal-chelating activity, lipid peroxidation inhibition activity and reducing power assay. The 70% methanol extract exhibited the highest activity in the in vitro models of DPPH free radical-scavenging activity, metal-chelating activity, and reducing power assay. Acetone extract showed good effects on lipid peroxidation inhibition and hydroxyl radical-scavenging assay at a low concentration. In addition, the $\alpha$-glucosidase inhibition assay showed that 70% methanol extract had the highest activity. These results indicate the high possibility of using A. elata seeds for medical application due to their efficient antioxidant properties.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.1051-1054
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• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate the antioxidant activity of the extracts of lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertner). The total phenolic contents in leaf, stem, and root were 165, 74, and 30 tannic acid equivalent mg/g of dried extract or fraction respectively. The butanol and ethylacetate fractions of lotus parts showed higher 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity than other fractions. 2,2'-Azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) cation radical scavenging activity also showed the similar result as the DPPH radical scavenging activity. The antioxidative capacity of the ethylacetate fraction was the highest among fractions and its fraction showed higher contents of total polyphenol.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.199-206
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• 2007

Antioxidant activity of 70% aqueous ethanolic extract of leaves of Justicia gendarussa (EJ) was evaluated. EJ was prepared by cold maceration method. The antioxidant potency of EJ was investigated employing various established in vitro systems, such as DPPH radical scavenging, nitric oxide (NO) scavenging, ${\beta}-carotene$ linoleic acid module system (${\beta}$ CLAMS), hydroxyl (OH) radical scavenging, anti lipid peroxidation. $IC_{50}$ values were determined in each experiment. Also, ferric ion reduction capacity of extracts in presence and absence of chelating agent (EDTA) and total antioxidant capacity were determined. Preliminary phytochemical investigation was carried out to know the nature of constituents present in the leaves and correlate it with antioxidant activity. Further total phenolic content was determined in EJ. $IC_{50}$ values of EJ were 123.09 ${\pm}$ 3.01, 643.0 ${\pm}$ 61.10, 132.3 ${\pm}$ 6.03, 68.5 ${\pm}$ 11.5 and 68.13 ${\pm}$ 1.38 ${\mu}g/mL$ in DPPH radical scavenging, NO scavenging, ${\beta}$ CLAMS, OH radical scavenging and anti lipid peroxidation activity respectively. In total antioxidant capacity assay, ascorbic acid equivalent value was found to be 205.56 ${\pm}$ 4.69 ${\mu}g/mg$ of extract. Total phenolic content was found to be 43.76 ${\pm}$ 4.27 ${\mu}g$ equivalent of gallic acid per mg of extract. Phytochemical investigation reveals the presence of flavonoids. The results indicate that EJ possess antioxidant activity and flavonoids are responsible for this activity.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.975-980
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• 2009

In this study we evaluated polyphenol contents, phytate contents, and antioxidant activities (DPPH radical and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity) in several soybean cultivars. The polyphenol contents of the cultivars ranged from 0.0446 mg/g to 0.0652 mg/g, with the highest level found in the WS82 cultivar, whereas and the lowest in Duyukong. The phytate content of the WS2906 cultivar was the highest at 22.28 mg/g whereas Duyukong showed the lowest level. $IC_50$ values (concentration of soybean extract exerting 50% scavenging of radicals) for DPPH radical and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity showed the highest in WS82. A positive correlation between DPPH radical scavenging activity and polyphenol contents was observed in the soybean cultivars, whereas not significant relationship between antioxidant activity and phytate content was found.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.30 no.11
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• pp.1706-1719
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• 2020

The objective of this study was to optimize the conditions for enhancing the antioxidant properties of sword bean (Canavalia gladiata) as a coffee substitute in two processing methods, roasting and grinding. The optimum conditions for removing off-flavor of the bean and maximizing functionality and efficiency were light roasting and cryogenic grinding (< 53 ㎛). In these conditions, extraction yield was 16.75%, total phenolic content (TPC) was 69.82 ± 0.35 mg gallic acid equivalents/g, and total flavonoid content (TFC) was 168.81 ± 1.64 mg quercetin equivalents/100 g. The antioxidant properties were 77.58 ± 0.27% for DPPH radical scavenging activity and 58.02 ± 0.76 mg Trolox equivalents/g for ABTS radical scavenging activity. The values for TFC and ABTS radical scavenging activity were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than in other conditions, and TPC and DPPH radical scavenging activity were second highest in lightly roasted beans, following raw beans. HS-SPME/GC-MS analysis confirmed that the amino acids and carbohydrates, which are the main components of sword bean, were condensed into other volatile flavor compounds, such as derivatives of furan, pyrazine, and pyrrole during roasting. Roasted and cryogenically ground (cryo-ground) sword beans showed higher functionality in terms of TFC, DPPH, and ABTS radical scavenging activities compared to those of coffee. Overall results showed that light roasting and cryogenic grinding are the most suitable processing conditions for enhancing the bioactivity of sword beans.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.136-140
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• 2012

Trifoliate orange seed extracts (TSEs) were made using either distilled water (TW), ethanol (TE), or n-hexane (TH), to measure total polyphenol contents, DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities, and anti-complementary activity. The results showed that the total polyphenol content showed higher value at TE (235.24 ${\mu}g/mL$, p<0.05) than those of TW (132.65 ${\mu}g/mL$) and TH (165.44 ${\mu}g/mL$) at 10 mg/mL and TE exerted the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity (61.77%, p<0.05), which occurred in the following order: TE TW (56.87%)>TH (39.78%). The results of ABTS radical scavenging activity showed that TW (34.26%) and TE (31.81%) showed similar activities, which were higher than TH (12.74%, p<0.05). Anti-complementary activity of TE (61% at 500 ${\mu}g/mL$) showed a higher activity when compared with the positive control (60% at 1,000 ${\mu}g/mL$) polysaccharide-K (PSK), a known immuno-active polysaccharide from Coriolus versicolor. Consequently, among TSEs, TE is a byproduct from trifoliate orange and could be an important source of dietary polyphenolic antioxidant compounds and immunopotentiating activity, including complement activation.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.511-514
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• 2012

In this study, the comparison of antioxidative effect of the methanol (MeOH) extracts from grains were investigated in vitro radical scavenging system. Ten grains (black rice, rice, barley, wheat, millet, sorghum, glutinous millet, buckwheat, phellines linteus rice and brown rice) were extracted with MeOH. Among the MeOH extracts of grains, sorghum and black rice showed effective scavenging activities of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical. The $IC_{50}$ values of sorghum and black rice were $47.4{\mu}g/mL$ and $50.6{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. In addition, black rice also exerted the strongest activities on hydroxyl radical (${\cdot}OH$) scavenging activity. Furthermore, the MeOH extracts of black rice showed effective and dose dependant scavenging activities of DPPH radical and ${\cdot}OH$. These results indicated that black rice showed strong free radical scavenging activity. It suggested that black rice could be a promising natural antioxidant against free radical-induced oxidative damage.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.135-140
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• 2004

The antioxidant activities of 80% methanol extracts obtained from 118 medicinal plants were tested through the evaluation of DPPH and superoxide anion radicals scavenging activity. Methanol extracts of Sophora japonica (76.9%) and Camptotheca acuminata Dence (50.9%) were found to have more than 50% DPPH radical scavenging activity while those of Perilla frutescens (37.2%), Amomum costatum (34.9%), Prunus ansu (33.2%), Mentha arvensis (32.3%), Serratula koreana (32.2%), Eriobotrya japonica (30.5%), and Artemisia asiatica (30.5%) showed more than 30% scavenging activity. Even though all of the commercial antioxidants didn't show superoxide anion radical activity, Mentha arvensis (87.7%), Eriobotrya japonica (84.9%), Amomum costatum (82.9%), Camptotheca acuminata Dence (82.1%) showed more than 80% scavenging activity. Mentha arvensis, Eriobotrya japonica, Amomum costatum, Camptotheca acuminata Dence showed strong antioxidative activity in the both DPPH and superoxide anion radical scavenging activities.