• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.36-50
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• 2009

To suggest the native plants combination for restoration of the dissected sloping area, the plant communities of thirty seven quadrats from five localities of mid-southern part of Korean peninsula were surveyed from 2007 to 2008. Their flora, vegetation structure, and dominant species based on the importance value were investigated. And the soil characters (pH, moisture content, water holding capacity, and organic matter) of each dominant species were analyzed. Also, germination tests were performed to check the stability of restored native plants using seed chips. As a result, 79 native plants were suggested for the dissected sloping area : 20 trees and subtrees for the upper layer, 18 shrubs and vines for the middle layer, and 41 herbs for the lower layer, taken together their flora, dominant species, vegetation structure, soil condition, germination test, flowering period.

• Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.76-81
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• 2021

With continuous decline of Philippine forest cover, sustainable forest management and restoration are essential to restore destroyed forest ecosystems. Unfortunately, of ten most planted trees in reforestation projects in the Philippines, eight are exotic species, with large leaf mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla) being the most dominant. In this study, effect of Swietenia macrophylla in reforestation projects on native tree species was evaluated. Effects of S. macrophylla leaf litter, frequency, and canopy closure on the growth of the Philippine native species Pterocarpus indicus were investigated. Results showed that S. macrophylla leaf litter significantly inhibited the growth of P. indicus seedlings based on root collar-to-shoot height. The standardized growth rate of seedlings in plots without S. macrophylla leaf litter was significantly higher than the growth rate of seedlings in plots with leaf litter. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in the standardized growth rate of seedlings between plots without leaf litter and a control plot. On the contrary, S. macrophylla tree frequency and canopy closure showed no significant effect. These results attest to the negative effect of widely planted S. macrophylla to a valuable Philippine native tree P. indicus. With accumulating scientific evidence about negative effects of S. macrophylla on native trees, discontinued use in tree planting and reforestation efforts with active management of restoration sites previously planted with large leaf mahogany are needed.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 1993

This studies were conducted to investigate on the shade adaptation of native Sedum kamchaticum and Disporum smilacinum. All plants were grow under the controlled light intensity conditions, which controlled by two shading materials, white and/or black shading net. The results obtained were as follow. 1. Daily changes of the shading area around of the building were various by building height, width and direction. 2. Upper canopy was composed to Pinus densiflora as dominant species in native sites of Disporum species. 3. Many branches of Disporum smilacinum were sprouted after pinching. However their growth were less elongated shorter than those of Disporum viridescens. 4. Sedum sarmentosum was poor growth under the low relative light intensity as 50%, however, the growth of this species closely was similiar as under the full sun condition.

• Mycobiology
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.97-100
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• 2017

Endangered native plant habitats and populations are rapidly disappearing because of climate and environmental changes. As a representative, the abundance of the first-class endangered wild plant, Cypripedium japonicum, has been rapidly decreasing in Korea. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the distribution of rhizosphere and endophytic fungi on C. japonicum in its native habitat. A total of 440 rhizosphere and 79 endosphere fungi isolates were isolated and identified on the basis of their molecular characteristics. Sixty-five genera and 119 fungi species were identified in this study. The genus Trichoderma showed the highest abundance among both rhizosphere and endosphere fungi. Mortierella, Hypocrea, and Penicillium spp. were also relatively dominant species on C. japonicum. The community structures of rhizosphere and endosphere fungi were similar, but endosphere fungi showed greater diversity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.62-73
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• 2008

This paper was conducted to acquire the scientific data for the waste landfill greening. The native plant flora was investigated in waste landfill at Nanjido. As a result, total 40 species, 22 families, 32 genus were classified. The dominant species were Robinia pseudoacacia (15%), Populus euramericana (3%), and Populus monilifera (1%), ect. Naive plant of 6 species (Zoysia japonica, Aster koraiensis, Liriope platyphylla, Hemerocallis fulva, Sedum kantschaticum, Indigofera pseudotinctoria) were planted in waste landfill in one species per 1 $m^2$ for greening purpose. After One year planting, the ornamental optimum value was showed in Zoysia japonica, Aster koraiensis, Hemerocallis fulva, Hemerocallis fulva, Sedum kantschaticum. The covering rate after nine months planting was 85% and 80% for Zoysia japonica and Hemerocallis fulva, respectively. While Aster koraiensis(a) 13 %, Liriope platyphylla 8 % and Sedum kantschaticum appeared 22 % were obtained. Aster koraiensis (a) has highest height and Sedum kantschaticum was the shortest plant.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.181-186
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• 2003

To obtain the basic data for monitoring and the conservation of native plant species at the sub-alpine zone Jongseogdae in Jirisan (Mt.).40 plots(5m${\times}$5m) set up by random sampling method and the distribution of native shrub and herb species at the subalpine zone was surveyed. Leading shrub species at the subalpine zone of Jongseogdae were Tripterygium regelii with IP value of 23.45% : followed by Lespedeza maximowiczii, Symplocos chinensis for. pilosa and Lespedeza tomentella. Dominant species at the subalpine zone were Lysimachia clethroides, Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum, Synurus deltoides, Veratrum maackii var. japonicum, Hemerocallis fulva and Astilbe chinensis var. davidii. Rhododendron tschonoskii recorded from the rare and endangered species list of the Korea Forest Service distributed among the rocks on the top of Jongseogdae. The long-term sustainable habitat monitoring might be required to conserve this subalpine zone.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.52-67
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• 2005

The flora of the studied basin in the upper Keum River was listed as 237taxa; 63families, 162genera, 212species, 22varieties and 3forms. Based on the list of the ecosystem disturbance plants by the Ministry of Environment, 4taxa were recorded in the studied basin : Paspalum distichum(Gramineae), Paspalum distichum var. indutum(Gramineae), Ambrosia artemisiifolia var. elatior(Compositae), Ambrosia trifida(Compositae). Naturalized plants was listed as 54taxa; 16families, 41genera, 51species, 3varieties and naturalization index was 22.8percent of 1/4 the vascular plants. Upper Keum River was dominant floristic : indicator species were Salix gracilistyla community, Phragmites japonica community, native plants were Morus alba community, Spiraea prunifolia for. simpliciflora community, planting plants were Populus euramericana community, naturalized plants were Solidago serotina community, Helianthus tuberosus community.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.401-409
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• 2015

The fish community and introduced fish were surveyed at eight stations of Lake Soyang from March to October, 2013. A total of 41 species of twelve families were collected from the survey stations and among them, two species: Hemibarbus mylodon and Siniperca scherzeri (albino type) were identified as natural monument. There were fifteen Korean endemic species (36.6 %) including Acheilognathus yamatsutae. When compared with previous data (2003), A. yamatsutae, Pseudorasbora parva, Sarcocheilichthys nigripinnis morii, Sarcocheilichthys variegatus wakiyae, Orthrias nudus, Leiocassisuss ussuriensis, Oncorhynchus mykiss, and Micropterus salmoides appeared new in the lake. Dominant species were Hypomesus olidus (St. 1, 3, 6, 7, 8), Lepomis macrochirus (St. 2, 4) and Zacco platypus (St. 5). Of the 12 introduced species fishes in Lake Soyang, Anguilla japonica, Hemiculter eigenmanni, H. nipponensis, Rhinogobius giurinus and Tridentiger brevispinis were introduced and released from other native river water zones in Korea but Cyprinus carpio (Israeli type), Carassius cuvieri, O. mykiss, Ictalurus puntatus, L. macrochirus, and M. salmoides originated from foreign countries.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.53-63
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• 2004

Planting models for restoration forest on the seaside have been demanded because coastal reclaimed land has increased for habitation sites, industrial complexes and new towns on the west seaside of Korea. The planting models have to consider endurance for bad environmental conditions in order to make a role to protect the urban space against the extreme seaside environment. The dominant species, relative impotance value, individuals and species number were analysed in natural forests that were exposed to extreme seaside conditions in Deokjeok island and Younghung island, Incheon. The native species such as Pinus thunbergii and Pinus densiflora, which survive on the seaside, were mainly recommended because the coastal reclaimed land had extreme environmental conditions. Stable vegetation structures could be made by multi-layer planing by using these species. A diverse vegetation community could be made according to these planting models. The maritime forests made by these planting models might be more effective for environmental adaptation and a windbreak forest than alone tree, and the young trees below 3m height could easily adapt to these conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.19-25
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• 2023

This study aimed to analyze the current status of planted trees in Seoul Forest and propose improvement plans to improve the naturalness in the park. A comprehensive survey of the trees in the park was conducted, and the data gathered was used to build a list of planting trees suitable for an urban park. The analysis of the characteristics of landscape trees in Seoul Forest by type was about the presence or absence of leaves, and they were classified into deciduous trees, evergreen trees, deciduous shrubs, and evergreen shrubs, and herbaceous plants such as groundcover plants separately classified. The study found that Seoul Forest had 57 species of native and naturalized trees, with 27 deciduous trees, 35 deciduous shrubs, 15 evergreen trees, and 98 evergreen shrubs. The park also had 472 species of herbaceous plants, totaling 320,000. The majority of planted trees in Seoul Forest were native species, comprising 59% of the total planted trees, while naturalized species made up 41%. Furthermore, the ratio of deciduous trees to evergreen trees was 81% to 19%, with deciduous trees being the dominant species. The evergreen trees showed a similar trend, with a total of 23 species, including 15 native and 8 foreign species, accounting for 65% of native species. In addition, the study identified six common deciduous shrubs, including Forsythia koreana, orbaria sorbifolia var. stellipila, Deutzia parviflora, Rhododendron lateritium, and Spiraea prunifolia var. simpliciflora, which are frequently planted in areas with abundant water. The study also revealed that among the 10 evergreen shrub species, 9 were native and 1 was foreign. The study aimed to classify the species planted in Seoul Forest into native and foreign species and to provide a data-driven plan to encourage the planting of native species. This study offers valuable insights into planting planning and design for urban parks, which is essential for enhancing naturalness, as most studies have primarily focused on usage patterns and satisfaction in urban parks. By promoting the planting of native species, the naturalness of Seoul Forest can be improved.