• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.355.3-356
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• 2002

Prostaglandins are synthesized by the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX). Both constitutive (COX-1) and inducible (COX-2) isoforms have been identified. COX-2 expression is stimulated by inflammatory mediators such as growth factors and cytokines. Most non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) inhibit both isoforms of COX. Recent evidence suggests that selective inhibitors of COX-2 may possess diminished side effects reletive to common NSAIDS. Novel isothiazoles and isoxazoles were identified as selective inhibitiors of cycloxygenase-2(COX-2). (omitted)

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.28-41
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• 2018

Purpose: This study purposed to analyze the spatial accessibility of mental health institutions in Ganwon-Do using Geographic Information System and to suggest policy implications. Methodology: Network analysis was applied to assess the spatial accessibility of mental health institutions in Gangwon-Do. To perform the network analysis, network data set was built using administrative district map, road network, address of mental health institutions in Gangwon-Do. After building network data set, Two network analysis methods, 1) Service area analysis, 2) Origin Destination cost matrix were applied. Service area analysis calculated accessive areas that were within specified time. And using Origin Destination cost matrix, travel time and road travel distance were calculated between centroids of Eup, Myeon, Dong and the nearest mental health institutions. Result: After the service area analysis, it is estimated that 19.63% of the total areas in Gangwon-Do takes more than 60 minutes to get to clinic institutions. For hospital institutions, 23.08% of the total areas takes more than 60 minutes to get there. And 59.96% of Gangwon-do takes more than 30 minutes to get to general hospitals. The result of Origin-Destination cost matrix showed that most Eup Myeon Dong in Gangwon-Do was connected to the institutions in Wonju-si, Chuncheon-si, Gangneung-si. And it showed that there were large regional variation in time and distance to reach the institutions. Implication: Results showed that there were regional variations of spatial accessibility to the mental health institutions in Gangwon-Do. To solve this problem, Several policy interventions could be applied such as mental health resources allocation plan, telemedicine, providing more closely coordinated services between mental health institutions and community mental health centers to enhance the accessibility.

• Environmental Sciences Bulletin of The Korean Environmental Sciences Society
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.113-119
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• 1999

The quality of the effluent from an activated sludge aeration tank can deteriorate when the substrate removal rate decreases due to an abrupt reduction in the DO concentration, which is affected by such operating conditions as the loading rate, temperature, wastewater composition, and so on. In this research, a DO control system that includes a PI (proportional-integral) controller/Hiraoka controller was developed and applied to a pilot-scale activated sludge process, then its acceptability was estimated. The applicability of the respiration rate to DO control was also estimated. The respiration rate indicated a variety of input organic loading rates, which is the main disturbance to the DO concentration in an aeration tank. When the influent concentration incrementally decreased and increased between CODcr 1,000 mg/l and 100 mg/l, the control system with a PI controller exhibited a good llperformance-the average DO concentrations were 2.00$\pm$0.14 mg/l and 1.88$\pm$0.15 mg/l (set value was 2.0 mg/l), respectively, and the settling time was just 10 minites. When the control system was operated for 4 days, the DO concentration was 1.99$\pm$0.18 mg/l and 32.6% of the air flowrate was saved. However, the fluctuations in the respiration rates and air flowrates were severe, which could be harmful to the stability of the biomass and mechanical stability of the blower. A possible approach to solve this problem may be the simultaneous control of the loading rate and DO concentration.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.119-128
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• 1994

This study was performed on 302 cases of leptospirosis, tsutsugamushi disease and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome(HFRS) which occurred in Chonnam(Do) in 1991 through 1993. The results were as follows : 1. 81.8% of the patients with Leptospirosis and 54.5% of the HFRS patients were men while 61.4% of the patients with tsutsugamushi disease were women. 2. Most patients lived in rural areas(Gun), their educational level was elementary School or lower and their occupations were either farmer or jobless. 3. Peak ages were 40s for leptospirosis(36.4%) and 50s for tsutsugamushi disease and HFRS(32.9% and 36.4% respectively). 4. The high incidence areas of tsutsugamushi disease were northern, eastern and a diagonal line, from northeast to southwest, of the Chonnam area, and these are consistent with a mountainous district. 5. In monthly distribution leptospirosis was higher in Sep. and Oct., and tsutsugamushi disease and HFRS were higher in Oct. and Nov. 6. The first case is occurring and the last case shows up later than in past years.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.390-402
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• 2005

This study was carried out systematically to grasp the resource plants in construct-reserved site of ecological forest, Jecheon-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea. This site was located at $37^{\circ}12'$ in latitude and $127^{\circ}57'$ in longitude and the period of survey was from March to October, 2004. The vascular plants were summarized as 371 taxa; 83 families, 238 genera, 324 species, 44 varieties and 3 forma. And in the results of survey on resource plants, we confirmed 178 taxa of ornamental plants$(47.98\%)$, 232 taxa of edible plants$(62.53\%)$, 257 taxa of medicinal plants$(69.27\%)$ and 154 taxa of other useful plants$(41.51\%)$. The rare and endangered plants designated by Korea Forest Service were 4 taxa; Eranthis stellata, Paeonia japonica, Viola albida and Scopolia japonica.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.39 no.spc1
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• pp.151-164
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• 2006

We monitored the current macrozoobenthic community structure after the Sea Prince oil spill around Keumo-do and Sori-do, Korea. Macrobenthic animals were collected seasonally around Sori-Keumo do using a van Veen grab ($0.1m^2$) from October 1999 to April 2000. In total, 196 species were identified at 46 sites around Keumho-do. The mean density was 1,460 individuals/$m^2$, and polychaetes comprised 80% of the total density of the macrozoobenthic. Dominant species were the polychaete Tharyx sp. (51%), the echinoderm Amphioplus megapomus (5%) and the polychaete Lumbrineris longifolia (3%). We identified 176 macrobenthic species at 36 sites around Sori-do. The mean density was 1,068 individuals/$m^2$, and polychaetes was the most abundant faunal group, comprising 41%, followed by mollusks (24%) and echinoderms (20%). Dominant species in Sori-do were the mollusk Potamocorbula amurensis (23%), the chinoderm Amphioplus megapomus (14%), and the polychaete Tharyx sp. (10%). The overall community structures in the study area showed few seasonal changes, although there was a gradual change in the species composition within each benthic community. Tharyx sp. was the most abundant species in the study area. Because this species has not been found in the other coastal areas except during recent investigations, it is considered to have increased during the course of community succession after the oil spill. The macrozoobenthic around Keumo-do showed little change in species richness, whereas around Sori-do, it showed a few increases in species richness after the summer of 1998. The overall density showed the same trend as species richness. Based on improved community indices, we suggest that the macrozoobenthic communities around Sori-Keumo Islands are gradually recovering from the oil-spill damagecaused by the oil spill.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.229-240
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• 2017

Background: This study purposed to analyze the spatial accessibility of women in childbearing age to the healthcare organizations (HCOs) providing delivery services in Gangwon-do. Methods: Network analysis was applied to assess the spatial accessibility based on the travel time and road travel distance. Travel time and travel distance were measured between the location of HCOs and the centroid of the smallest administrative areas, eup, myeon, and dong in Gangwon-do. Korean Transport Database Center provided road network GIS (Geographic Information System) Database in 2015 and it was used to build the network dataset. Two types of network analysis, service area analysis and origin-destination (OD)-cost matrix analysis, applied to the created network dataset. Service area analysis defined all-accessible areas that are within a specified time, and OD-cost matrix analysis measured the least-cost paths from the HCOs to the centroids. The visualization of the number of the HCOs and the number of women in childbearing age on the Ganwon-do map and network analysis were performed with ArcGIS ver. 10.0 (ESRI, Redlands, CA, USA). Results: Twenty HCOs were providing delivery services in Gangwon-do in 2016. Over 50% of the women in childbearing age were aged more than 35 years. Service area analysis found that 89.56% of Gangwon-do area took less than 60 minutes to reach any types of HCOs. For tertiary hospitals, about 74.37% of Gangwon-do area took more than 60 minutes. Except Wonju-si and Hoengseong-gun, other regions took more than 60 minutes to reach the tertiary hospital. Especially, Goseong-gun, Donghae-si, Samcheok-si, Sokcho-si, Yanggu-gun, Cheorwon-gun, and Taebaek-si took more than 100 minutes to the tertiary hospital. Conclusion: This study provided that the accessibility toward the tertiary hospital was limited and it may cause problems in high-risk delivery patients such as over 35 years. Health policy makers will need to handle the obstetric accessibility issues in Gangwon-do.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.338-347
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• 2009

The content of residual pesticides in commercial agricultural products in Gyeongsangbuk-Do area was investigated for 5 years extending the year 2004 through 2008. The detection rates of residual pesticides in agricultural products by year were similar in range of 11.6~16.4%. But the violation rates showed lower values in the last years from 4.5% of the year 2004 to 0% of the year 2007. The highest residual concentration of each pesticide detected in commercial agricultural products was investigated by year. That is, in the year 2004 and 2005, chlorpyrifos, chlorothalonil, diazinon, endosulfan, ethoprophos, fenarimol and procymidone were detected over the tolerance in kale, parsley, celery, chard and lettuce, and in the year 2006, permethrin in the soybean and peanut. The detection rate and violation rate of pesticides were highly increased in the order of the endosulfan, chlorpyrifos, procymidone, chlorfenapyr, fenitrothion, imazalil, isoprothiolane, methidathion and permethrin. The detection rate and violation rate of pesticides were increased after August every year.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.24 no.1 s.61
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• pp.89-94
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• 2006

This study was conducted to infer habitat distribution of Eurasian otter Lutra lutra in Korea. We recognized trace or presence of otter spraints from 254 of 750 pixels (pixel size: 13.75X11 km) used in this survey, amounting to 34%. The highest frequency of localities, with the spraints present, occurred in Gyeongsangbuk-do (49.62%) and the lowest one was observed in Gyeonggi-do (7.36%). The other regions were as follows: Gangwong-do (49.56%), Chungcheong buk-do (41.67%), Gyeongsangnam-do (38.00%), Jeolabuk-do (37.93%), Jeolanam-do (24.24%), Chungchengnam-do (20.29%). The counted number of the spraints was very low level in most of the localities where they were found (1.7spraints per sprainting site). It may indicate that small size of local populations would be expected in most of the localities. The habitat distribution of Korean otter, inferred from the distribution pattern of the spraints, will provide valuable basic information required for conserving and managing Korean otter.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.321-330
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• 2008

This study, geological survey was carried out in order to study on the geology, geological structure and volcanic activity of the Ulleung-do volcano body. Ulleung-do is the volcano body of about 3,000m heights from the East Sea seabed. The geology of Ulleung-do is divided into basaltic agglomerate, trachytic agglomerate, trachyte, trachytic pumice and trachyandesite in ascending orders. The faults in caldera of Nari Basin came to make the reverse triangle style in compliance with sinking. The faults in circumference of Nari Basin are ranging with northeast-southwest direction and northwest-southeast direction. The Quaternary volcanic activities in the Ulleung-do are divided into 5 activity period. The engineering geologists and the applied geologists were not easy to apply because complicated geology of Ulleung-do. Therefore, this study supplied simple geology of Ulleung-do for them.