• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.28-38
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• 1973

The mechanism of urinary excretion of sulfadiazine was investigated in the dogs by means of stop-flow technique Results of experiments were summarized as follows; 1. The ratios of U/P sulfadiazine to U/P creatinine $(U/P_{SD}:U/P_{cr})$ were always lower than 1 in all nephrons, showed a minimum in the proximal area. 2. $U/P_{SD}:U/P_{cr}$ were not affected by Probenecid or 2.4-DNP, whereas increased significantly by administration of sodium bicarbonate. 3. Probenecid did not alter the stop-flow patterns in alkalotic dog too. 4. $C_{SD}$ (clearance of sulfadiazine ) was appreciably influenced by change in urinary PH, or flow rate. All evidences lead to the conclusion that sulfadiazine reabsorption is passively transported by proximal tubules. No clue for active process, either secretory or reabsorptive, was obtained.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.305-313
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• 1999

To explore whether $Cl^-$ channel blockers interact with the ATP-sensitive $K^+\;(K_{ATP})$ channel, I have examined the effect of two common $Cl^-$ channel blockers on the $K_{ATP}$ channel activity in isolated rat ventricular myocytes using patch clamp techniques. In inside-out patches, 4,4'-diisothio-cyanatostilbene- 2,2'-disulfonic acid (DIDS) and niflumic acid applied to bath solution inhibited the $K_{ATP}$ channel activity in a concentration-dependent manner with $IC_{50}$ of 0.24 and 927 ${\mu}M,$ respectively. The inhibitory action of DIDS was irreversible whereas that of niflumic acid was reversible. Furthermore, DIDS-induced block was not recovered despite exposure to ATP (1 mM). In cell-attached and inside-out patches, DIDS blocked the pinacidil- or 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP)-induced $K_{ATP}$ channel openings. In contrast, niflumic acid did not block the pinacidil-induced $K_{ATP}$ channel openings in inside-out patches, but inhibited it in cell-attached patches. DIDS and niflumic acid produced additional block in the presence of ATP and did not affect current-voltage relationship and channel kinetics. All these results indicate that DIDS among $Cl^-$ channel blockers specifically blocks the cardiac $K_{ATP}$ channel.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.62 no.3
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• pp.332-341
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• 2013

SCADA RTU is a remote control unit equipped in substations for automatic operation of a power system. The RTU monitors and measures the operation status of remote substations to transmits the signals to upper SCADA system and receives control command signals from dispatch center to actuate corresponding apparatus. The RTU receives the standard time from GPS receiver to synchronize the times for all devices and acquires the status event of power apparatus using DIM. Without the time synchronization between GPS and RTU, stable operation of the power system and accurate analysis of the system fault are impossible due to the time error of SOE. In this paper, a test is performed to identify if the operation time of SCADA RTU DIM coincides with the standard time. And we tried to find the reason of error, to minimize the time discrepancy. Through this study, RTU operation time could be synchronized with the standard time within 10[ms] to improve the reliability of SOE data.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.13-17
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• 1980

A Streptomyces spp. strain SY 79-1 which was capable of producing metal protease was isolated from soil. The optimal pH and temperature of the protease were around pH 8.0 and $45^{\circ}C$, respectively. The stable pH range of the enzyme was between pH 6.0 to 8.0. The enzyme was stable at $45^{\circ}C$, but it lost the activity about 75 % for 5 min and completely for 30 min when it was treated at $60^{\circ}C$. The activity of the enzyme was inhibited by $Hg^{++},\;Cu^{++},\;Ag^{+}$ and activated by $Mg^{++},\;Mn^{++},\;Co^{++},\;but\;Fe^{++},\;Ca^{++},\;Pb^{++}\;and\;Al^{3+}$ did not affect enzyme activity. This enzyme was strongly inhibited by EDTA, but was not inhibited by 2, 4-DNP, ${\rho}$-CMB, ${\varepsilon}$-aminocaproic acid, cysteine, thiourea, citric acid, oxalic acid and sodium arsenate. When cobalt was added to the EDTA-denatured enzyme, the activity of the enzyme was restored.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.151-162
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• 2007

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to examine the anti-allergic effect in vivo, and to observe single toxicity in mice of Armeniacae Semen herbal acupuncture solution (ASHA). Methods : We investigated anti DNP IgE-mediated passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in rodents and compound 48/80-induced active systemic anaphylatic shock in mice after treatment at both BL13 with ASHA of 25 ${\mu}{\ell}$(mice) or 50 ${\mu}{\ell}$(rats) 3 times for 5 days. To ascertain safety and toxicity of ASHA, we examined single toxicity test. In single test, three groups were treated with different dosages of ASHA (ASHA250, ASHA500 and ASHA1000) according to on Korean Food and Drug Administration, respectively. We observed attentively motality, abnormal clinical sign, body weight change, and organ weight of mice after ASHA treatment. Results : ASHA inhibited passive cutaneous anaphylaxis and active systemic anaphylatic shock by oral administration. During toxicity experiment period, there was no difference in body weight change, and organ weight among different dose groups. Death were not found in single test i.p. group. (ASHA250, ASHA500 and ASHA1000). Several individuals of single test i.p. group were observed yellow brown discharge around anus in early period after administration. Conclusions : These results indicate that ASHA have inhibition effects on passive cutaneous anaphylaxis and active systemic anaphylatic shock, and suggest that has some toxicity in high dosage.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.114-122
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• 1994

A study on the absorption mechanism of cefixime(CF), an oral ${\alpha}-amino$ group deficient cephalosporin antibiotic, has been undertaken through the rat jejunum and nasal cavity using an in situ simultaneous perfusion technique developed in our laboratory. CF was well absorbed in the jejunum and nasal cavity of rats at pH 5.0, but not at pH 7.0. CF absorption was studied over four orders of magnitude in concentration to determine saturability. Disappearance of CF in the perfusate followed first-order kinetics at all tested concentrations. The apparent first-order absorption rate constant was found to be dependent on the concentration over the range of $0.1\;mM{\sim}3\;mM$ in the jejunum and nasal cavity of rats. Inhibitors were added to determine the competitive inhibition of CF absorption. The presence of L-tyrosine, L-phenylalanine, alanine-alanine, glycine-glycine and cefadroxil produced the significant inhibition of CF absorption in the nasal cavity and jejunum. However, there was no evidence of the inhibition in the presence of cefazolin. In addition, The CF absorption in the nasal cavity and jejunum was inhibited significantly by ouabain and 2,4-dinitrophenol(DNP). This study suggested that CF is absorbed across the rat nasal cavity and jejunum by carrier-mediated transport mechanism and energy consuming system.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.85-93
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• 1970

Measurements were made of the $Ca^++$ uptake, oxygen consumption and ATPase activity of mitochondria extracted from the rat liver in sucrose-tris chloride medium. $Ca^++$ binding of mitochondria was not affected by the incubation temperature in the range of $0^\\circ - 37^\\circ C$. Succinate did not increase the amount of $Ca^++$ bound while it increased oxygen consumption highly. The presence of ATP in the incubation medium did not enhance the $Ca^++$ uptake either. Therefore, it is concluded that the initial binding of $Ca^++$ is independent on metabolism.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.185-191
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• 2010

Mast cell-mediated allergic disease is involved in many diseases such as anaphylaxis, asthma and atopic dermatitis. The discovery of drugs for the treatment of allergic disease is an important subject in human health. In the present study, the effect of water extract of Gleditsiae Spina (WGS) (Leguminosae), on compound 48/80-induced systemic allergic reaction, anti-DNP IgE antibody-induced local allergic reaction, and histamine release from human mast cell line (HMC-1) cells were studied. In addition, the effect of WGS on phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) plus calcium ionophore A23187 (A23187)-induced gene expression and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines were investigated using HMC-1 cells. WGS was anally administered to mice for high and fast absorption. WGS inhibited compound 48/80-induced systemic allergic reaction. WGS dose-dependently decreased the IgE-mediated passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. WGS reduced histamine release from HMC-1 cells. In addition, WGS decreased the gene expression and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines in PMA plus A23187-stimulated HMC-1 cells. These findings provide evidence that WGS could be a candidate as an antiallergic agent.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.141-150
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• 1967

The present investigation was initially undertaken to see if there exists $Na^+-K^+$ activated ATPase in the microsome fraction of the kidney. Having confirmed the presence of such an enzyme, further attempts have been made to characterize its nature and the following conclusions were obtained: (1) The ATPase activity was greatest at the $Na^+$ concentration of 100 mM as well as at $K^+$ concentration of 10 mM. Moreover, the ATPase activity was found to be depressed by $Ca^{++}$ in the presence of $Mg^{++}$. (2) While the ATPase activity was depressed by Ouabain, the magnitude of inhibition was greater in the Na medium than in the K medium. (3) NaCN augmented the ATPase activity whereas NaF and IAA depressed it. On the other hand, DNP had little influence on the ATPase activity. (4) Diamox, vasopressin and aldosterone had no effect while $HgCl_2$ markedly depressed the ATPase activity These findings indicate that the nature of ATPase isolated from the microsome fraction of the rabbit kidney is quite similar to that from other organs such as the heart and the muscle, although there are certain features specific to the type of organs.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.1224-1227
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• 2008

송변전자동화시스템에서 사용하는 주장치 와 RTU간에는 무선 통신망으로 TRS(Trunked Radio System), CMDA(Code Division Multiple Access) 그리고 에어미디어망을 사용하고 있다. 특히 디지털 TRS기술인 유럽 전자 통신 표준기구인 ETSI에서 개발한 TETRA는 임대망인 CDMA와 에어미디어망과는 달리 비임대망으로 비용적인 장점을 가지고 있다. 본 논문은 송변전자동화시스템에서 주장치 기능을 하는 DNP3.0 주장치 서버와 RTU의 기능을 하는 FRTU간에 TETRA 망을 사용할 수 있도록 MFTG(Multi Function Tetra Gateway) Platform을 구현하였다.