• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제1권6호
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• pp.741-748
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• 1997

In the present study, we have investigated the effect of metabolic inhibition on the inward rectifier K current ($I_{K1}$). Using whole cell patch clamp technique we applied voltage ramp from +80 mV to -140 mV at a holding potential of -30 mV and recorded the whole cell current in single ventricular myocytes isolated from the rabbit heart. The current-voltage relationship showed N-shape (a large inward current and little outward current with a negative slope) which is a characteristic of $I_{K1}$. Application of 0.2 mM dinitrophenol (DNP, an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation as a tool for chemical hypoxia) to the bathing solution with the pipette solution containing 5 mM ATP, produced a gradual increase of outward current followed by a gradual decrease of inward current with little change in the reversal potential (-80 mV). The increase of outward current was reversed by glibenclamide ($10\;{\mu}M$), suggesting that it is caused by the activation of $K_{ATP}$. When DNP and glibenclamide were applied at the same time or glibenclamide was pretreated, DNP produced same degree of reduction in the magnitude of the inward current. These results show that metabolic inhibition induces not only the increase of $K_{ATP}$ channel but also the decrease of $I_{K1}$. Perfusing the cell with ATP-free pipette solution induced the changes very similar to those observed using DNP. Long exposure of DNP (30 min) or ATP-free pipette solution produced a marked decrease of both inward and outward current with a significant change in the reversal potential. Above results suggest that the decrease of $I_{K1}$ may contribute to the depolarisation of membrane potential during metabolic inhibition.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.100-107
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• 2004

Background: The fruit of Rubus coreanus (RC), a perennial herb, has been cultivated for a long time as a popular vegetable. The anti-allergy mechanism of RC is unknown. The purpose of this study is to investigate the inhibitory effect of RC on compound 48/80- or anti-DNP IgE-induced mast cell activation. Methods: For this, influences of RC on the compound 48/80-induced degranulation, histamine release, calcium influx and the change of the intracellular cAMP (cyclic adenosine-3',5' monophosphate) levels of rat peritoneal mast cells (RPMC) and on the anti-DNP IgE-induced histamine release of RPMC were observed. Results: The pretreatment of RC inhibited compound 48/80-induced degranulation, histamine release and intracelluar calcium uptake of RPMC. The anti-DNP IgE-induced histamine release of RPMC was significantly inhibited by pretreatment of RC. The RC increased the level of intracellular cAMP of RPMC, and the pretreatment of RC inhibited compound 48/80-induced decrement of intracellular cAMP of RPMC. Conclusion: These results suggest that RC contains some substances with an activity to inhibit the compound 48/80- or anti-DNP IgE-induced mast cell activitation. The inhibitory effects of RC are likely due to the stabilization of mast cells by blocking the calcium uptake and enhancing the level of intracellular cAMP.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.140-145
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• 2014

OPC UA(IEC62541)는 SG(Smart Grid) 응용 플랫폼 간에 연계 프로토콜로서, 2012년 12월에 IEC TC57 그룹에서 IEC62541로 표준화되었다. IEC61850은 디지털 변전소 및 스마트 배전 시스템에서 사용되는 SCADA 표준 프로토콜이고, DNP3.0은 RTU나 IED와 같은 장비에 대해 데이터 수집 제어를 위한 프로토콜로서 기존 배전 자동화 시스템에서 사용되고 있다. DLMS/COSEM은 전기 계량기를 제어하고 정보를 수집하기 위한 프로토콜로서 스마트 계량기에서 사용되고 있다. 최상위 SG 운영 플랫폼에서 IEC61850 이나 DNP3.0을 비롯한 다양한 전력 IT 시스템들을 투명하게(Transparent) 관리하기 위해서는 프로토콜에 독립적인 미들웨어가 필요하다. 본 논문은 IEC61850, DNP3.0, DLMS/COSEM 기반의 디지털변전소, 스마트 배전시스템 및 기존 배전 자동화 시스템을 단일 OPC UA 클라이언트로 통합 관리하기 위한 SDG(Scada Data Gateway) 플랫폼에 관한 것이다. 이 게이트웨이는 OPC UA를 통해서 스마트미터, 디지털변전소 및 스마트배전 시스템을 관리한다.

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.725-734
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• 2016

SCADA 시스템은 국내 산업분야 전반에서 원격 감시 제어를 위해 이용되고 있는 만큼 제어시스템의 보안인증을 올바르게 확립해야 할 필요가 점차 커지고 있다. ISASecure에서 진행하는 EDSA-CRT 테스트는 장치가 정상적인 환경과 비정상적인 네트워크 프로토콜 트래픽 환경에서 핵심 서비스를 적절하게 제공할 수 있는지에 초점이 맞춰져 있기는 하지만 IP, ARP, TCP등 IP 기반 프로토콜을 대상으로 진행하고 있고, 제어 프로토콜에 적용한 테스트 연구는 전무하다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 제어 프로토콜 중 가장 널리 사용되는 DNP3 프로토콜에 대해 EDSA-CRT를 적용하여 테스트 요구사항을 도출하고자 한다. 이에 우리는 DNP3 프로토콜에 대한 33개의 테스트 케이스를 제시한다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.14-21
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• 1982

N-Methylcarbamate계(系) 농약(農藥)의 잔류분석법(殘留分析法)을 확립(確立)하기 위하여 MIPC, XMC, BPMC, propoxur, carbofuran 및 carbary에 대하여 diazo화(化)에 의한 비색정량(比色定量)과 N-trifiuoroacetyl (TFA)화(化), pentafluorobenzyl ether(PFB)화(化) 및 dinitrophenyl ether (DNP)화(化)에 의한 유도체(誘導體)의 gas chromatography (ECD)法을 비교검토(比較檢討)하였다. 1) N-Methylcarbamate의 diazo화(化)에 의한 최대흡수파장(最大吸收波長)은 MIPC, XMC, BPMC, propoxur, carbofuran이 460 ㎚이었고 carbaryl은 510 ㎚이었다. 2) 비색법(比色法)에 의한 carbamate의 현미(玄米)와 사과중(中) 회수솔(回收率)은 명명(各各) $80{\sim}104%$, $98{\sim}120%$이었고, 50 g의 시료분석시(試料分析時) 최대검출한계(最大檢出限界)는 $0.03{\sim}0.05$ ppm의 범위(範圍)이었다. 3) Gas chromatography에 의한 carbamate의 분석(分析)에서는 DNP$0.01{\sim}0.2$ppm첨가시(添加時) 현미(玄米)에서 $74{\sim}94%$, 수도체(水稻體)에서 $78{\sim}93%$, 사과에서 $82{\sim}99%$의 범위(範圍)이었고 검출한계(檢出限界)는 50g의 시료분석시(試料分析時) TFA 0.01 ppm PFB 0.005ppm, DNP 0.01ppm이었다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.609-619
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• 2017

The removal characteristics of 2,4-dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP) from an aqueous solution by commercial Wood-based Activated Carbon (WAC) have been studied. The effects of various experimental parameters were investigated using a batch adsorption technique. The adsorption capacity of 2,4-DNP by WAC increased with a decrease in the dosage and particle size of WAC, temperature and the initial pH of the solution, and increased with an increase in the initial concentration of the solution. The adsorption equilibrium data were best described by the Redlich-Peterson isotherm model. The maximum adsorption capacities of 2,4-DNP by WAC were 573.07 mg/g at 293 K, 500.00 mg/g at 313 K, and 476.19 mg/g at 333 K, decreasing with increasing temperature. The kinetic data were well fitted to the pseudo-second-order model, and the results of the intra-particle diffusion model suggested that the adsorption process was mainly controlled by particle diffusion. The thermodynamic analysis indicated that the adsorption of 2,4-DNP by WAC was an endothermic and spontaneous process.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.401-406
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• 2000

We investigated the effect of aqueous extract of Gleditsia sinensis thorns (Leguminosae) (GSAE) on the mast cell-dependent anaphylaxis. GSAE (0.005 to 1 ${g}/kg$) dose-dependently inhibited systemic anaphylaxis induced by compound 48/80 in rats. GSAE (0.1 and 1 ${g}/kg$) also significantly inhibited local anaphylaxis activated by anti-DNP IgE. When GSAE was pretreated at the same concentrations with systemic anaphylaxis, the plasma histamine levels were reduced in a dose-dependent manner. GSAE (0.001 to 1 ${m}g/ml$) dose-dependently inhibited the histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells (RPMC) activated by compound 48/80 or anti-DNP IgE. The level of cyclic AMP in RPMC, When GSAE (1 ${m}g/ml$) was added, transiently and significantly increased about fourfold compared with that of basal cells. Moreover, GSAE (0.01 and 0.1 ${m}g/ml$) had a significant inhibitory effect on anti-DNP IgE-induced tumor necrosis factor-$\alpha$ production from RPMC. These results suggest a possible use of GSAE in managing mast cell-dependent anaphylaxis.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.106-112
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• 2002

The effect of aqueous extract of Magnoliae Cortex (Magnoliaceae) (MCAE) on the immediate-type allergic reaction was investigated. MCAE inhibited compound 48/80 induced systemic anaphylactic reaction in rats. MCAE (0.1 and 1 g/kg) also significantly inhibited local immunoglobulin E (lgE)-mediated passive cutaneous anaphylactic (PCA) reaction. MCAE (0.001 to 1 mg/ml) dose-dependently inhibited the histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells (RPMC) activated by compound 48/80 or anti-dinitrophenyl (DNP) 1gE. Moreover, MCAE (0.01 to 1 mg/ml) had a significant inhibitory effect on anti-DNP IgE-mediated tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$ $(TNF-{\alpha})$ production. These results indicate that MCAE inhibits immediate-type allergic reaction in vivo and in vitro.

• 한국정보처리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보처리학회 2016년도 추계학술발표대회
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• pp.228-231
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• 2016

현재 한 번의 공격으로 많은 피해를 줄 수 있는 국가기반시설 위주의 제어시스템은 사이버 공격의 대상으로 가장 적합하다고 할 수 있다. 이에 대비해 제어시스템에서 주로 사용되는 DNP3는 한정적이고 반복된 트래픽을 주고받아 화이트리스트 기반 보안 기법이 사이버 공격으로부터 효과적으로 시스템을 보호할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 제어시스템에 알려져 있는 취약점에 대해서 소개하고, 화이트리스트 보안 기법을 적용하고 규칙을 정의하여 이상 징후를 탐지하였다.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.95-101
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• 2001

We investigated the effect of aqueous extract of Terminalia chebula (Combretaceae)(TCAE) on the immediate hypersensitivity reaction in vivo and in vivo. TCAE (0.01 to 1 g/kg) dose-dependently inhibited compound 48/80 induced systemic anaphylaxis in mice. When TCAE was pretreated at concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 1 g/kg, the plasma histamine levels were reduced in a dose-dependent manner. TCAE (0.1 and 1 g/kg) significantly inhibited local immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated passive cutaneous anaphylactic reaction. TCAE (0.001 to 1 mg/ml) also dose-dependently inhibited the histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells (RPMC) activated by compound 48/80 or anti-dinitrophenyl (DNP) IgE. TCAE (0.01 to 1 mg/ml) had a significant inhibitory effect on anti-DNP IgE-induced tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$ production from RPMC. These results indicate that TCAE inhibits immediate hypersensitivity reaction in vivo and in vitro.