• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 2012

DNA methyltransferase 1 (Dnmt1) gene contains three different isoform transcripts, Dnmt1s, Dnmt1o, and Dnmt1p, are produced by alternative usage of multiple first exons. Dnmt1o is specific to oocytes and preimplantation embryos, whereas Dnmt1s is expressed in somatic cells. Here we determined that porcine Dnmt1o gene had differentially methylated regions (DMRs) in 5'-flanking region, while those were not found in the Dnmt1s promoter region. The methylation patterns of the porcine Dnmt1o/Dnmt1s DMRs were investigated using bisulfite sequencing and pyrosequencing analysis through all preimplantation stages from one cell to blastocyst stage in in vivo or somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). The Dnmt1o DMRs contained 8 CpG sites, which located in -640 bp to -30 bp upstream region from transcription start site of the Dnmt1o gene. The methylation status of 5 CpGs within the Dnmt1o DMRs were distinctively different at each stage from one-cell to blastocyst stage in the $in$ $vivo$ or SCNT, respectively. 55.62% methylation degree of the Dnmt1o DMRs in the $in$ $vivo$ was increased up to 84.38% in the SCNT embryo, moreover, $de$ $novo$ methylation and demethylation occurred during development of porcine embryos from the one-cell stage to the blastocyst stage. However, the DNA methylation states at CpG sites in the Dnmt1s promoter regions were hypomethylated, and dramatically not changed through one-cell to blastocyst stage in the $in$ $vivo$ or SCNT embryos. In the present study, we demonstrated that the DMRs in the promoter region of the porcine Dnmt1o was well conserved, contributing to establishment and maintenance of genome-wide patterns of DNA methylation in early embryonic development.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.30 no.11
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• pp.1529-1539
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• 2017

Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the DNA methylation profile in the longissimus dorsi muscle between Small Tailed Han and Dorper${\times}$Small Tailed Han crossbred sheep which were known to exhibit significant difference in meat-production. Methods: Six samples (three in each group) were subjected to the methylated DNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (MeDIP-seq) and subsequent bioinformatics analyses to detect differentially methylated regions (DMRs) between the two groups. Results: 23.08 Gb clean data from six samples were generated and 808 DMRs were identified in gene body or their neighboring up/downstream regions. Compared with Small Tailed Han sheep, we observed a tendency toward a global loss of DNA methylation in these DMRs in the crossbred group. Gene ontology enrichment analysis found several gene sets which were hypomethylated in gene-body region, including nucleoside binding, motor activity, phospholipid binding and cell junction. Numerous genes were found to be differentially methylated between the two groups with several genes significantly differentially methylated, including transforming growth factor beta 3 (TGFB3), acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 1 (ACSL1), ryanodine receptor 1 (RYR1), acyl-CoA oxidase 2 (ACOX2), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma2 (PPARG2), netrin 1 (NTN1), ras and rab interactor 2 (RIN2), microtubule associated protein RP/EB family member 1 (MAPRE1), ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 2 (ADAMTS2), myomesin 1 (MYOM1), zinc finger, DHHC type containing 13 (ZDHHC13), and SH3 and PX domains 2B (SH3PXD2B). The real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction validation showed that the 12 genes are differentially expressed between the two groups. Conclusion: In the current study, a tendency to a global loss of DNA methylation in these DMRs in the crossbred group was found. Twelve genes, TGFB3, ACSL1, RYR1, ACOX2, PPARG2, NTN1, RIN2, MAPRE1, ADAMTS2, MYOM1, ZDHHC13, and SH3PXD2B, were found to be differentially methylated between the two groups by gene ontology enrichment analysis. There are differences in the expression of 12 genes, of which ACSL1, RIN2, and ADAMTS2 have a negative correlation with methylation levels and the data suggest that DNA methylation levels in DMRs of the 3 genes may have an influence on the expression. These results will serve as a valuable resource for DNA methylation investigations on screening candidate genes which might be related to meat production in sheep.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.82 no.2
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• pp.126-132
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• 2019

Background: The development of lung cancer results from the interaction between genetic mutations and dynamic epigenetic alterations, although the exact mechanisms are not completely understood. Changes in DNA methylation may be a promising biomarker for early detection and prognosis of lung cancer. We evaluated the serial changes in genome-wide DNA methylation patterns in blood samples of lung cancer patients. Methods: Blood samples were obtained for three consecutive years from three patients (2 years before, 1 year before, and after lung cancer detection) and from three control subjects (without lung cancer). We used the MethylationEPIC BeadChip method, which covers the 850,000 bp cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) site, to conduct an epigenome-wide analysis. Significant differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were identified using p-values <0.05 in a correlation test identifying serial methylation changes and serial increase or decrease in ${\beta}$ value above 0.1 for three consecutive years. Results: We found three significant CpG sites with differentially methylated ${\beta}$ values and 7,105 CpG sites with significant correlation from control patients without lung cancer. However, there were no significant DMRs. In contrast, we found 11 significant CpG sites with differentially methylated ${\beta}$ values and 10,562 CpG sites with significant correlation from patients with lung cancer. There were two significant DMRs: cg21126229 (RNF212) and cg27098574 (BCAR1). Conclusion: This study revealed DNA methylation changes that might be implicated in lung cancer development. The DNA methylation changes may be the possible candidate target regions for the early detection and prevention of lung cancer.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.70-80
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• 2016

This paper addresses the problem of robust waveform design for distributed multiple-radar systems (DMRSs) based on low probability of intercept (LPI), where signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) and mutual information (MI) are utilized as the metrics for target detection and information extraction, respectively. Recognizing that a precise characterization of a target spectrum is impossible to capture in practice, we consider that a target spectrum lies in an uncertainty class bounded by known upper and lower bounds. Based on this model, robust waveform design approaches for the DMRS are developed based on LPI-SINR and LPI-MI criteria, where the total transmitting energy is minimized for a given system performance. Numerical results show the effectiveness of the proposed approaches.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.83-90
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• 2007

Insulin-like growth factor II (IGF2) and H19 genes are mutually imprinted genes which may be responsible for abnormalities in the cloned fetuses and offspring. This study was performed to identify putative differentially methylated regions (DMRs) of porcine H19 locus and to explore its genomic imprinting in in vitro fertilized (IVF) and somatic cell nuclear transferred (SCNT) embryos. Based on mice genomic data, we identified DMRs on H19 and found porcine H19 DMRs that included three CTCF binding sites. Methylation patterns in IVF and SCNT embryos at the 2-, 4-, $8{\sim}16$-cells and blastocyst stages were analyzed by BS (Bisulfite Sequencing)-PCR. The CpGs in CTCF1 was significantly unmethylated in the 2-cell stage IVF embryos. However, the 4- (29.1%) and $8{\sim}16$-cell (68.2%) and blastocyst (48.2%) stages showed higher methylation levels (p<0.01). On the other hand, SCNT embryos were unmethylayted ($0{\sim}2%$) at all stages of development. The CpGs in CTCF2 showed almost unmethylation levels at the 2-,4- and $8{\sim}16$-cell and blastocyst stages of development in both IVF ($0{\sim}14.1%$) and SCNT ($0{\sim}6.4%$) embryos. At all stages of development, CTCF3 was unmethylated in IVF ($0{\sim}17.3%$) and SCNT ($0{\sim}1.2%$) embryos except at the blastocyst stage (54.5%) of IVF embryos. In conclusion, porcine SCNT embryos showed an aberrant methylation pattern comprised to IVF embryos. Therefore, we suggest that the aberrant methylation pattern of H19 loci may be a reason for increased abnormal fetus after embryo transfer of porcine SCNT embryos.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.175-180
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• 2002

In this paper, the system performace with the convolution rode using a Viterbi decoding and the one tap LMS(Least Meam Square) equalizer applied to the OFDM(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) system, is analyzed through computer simulation. DMRS(Digital Microwave Radio System)is modeled as Rummler fading channel. In Simulation result, we known that the coding system improved about 3.6dB~10.5dB when BER is 10 $^3$and b is 0.1~0.2 in case of 16QAM(Qurdrature Amplitude Modulation). Also, we known that was improved about 19.7dB when the b is 0.1 and was demanded about 10.5dB when the b is 0.2 in case of 64QAM. we known that the soft decision improved about 2~0.9dB when the b is 0.1~0.2 in case of 16QAM and about 3.3~7.8dB in case of 64QAM. In the equalizer system, efficiency improved from the case of that Eb/No is more than 13dB.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.54 no.8
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• pp.26-33
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• 2017

Vehicle communication can facilitate efficient coordination among vehicles on the road and enable future vehicular applications such as vehicle safety enhancement, infotainment, or even autonomous driving. In the $3^{rd}$ Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), many studies focus on long term evolution (LTE)-based vehicle communication. Because vehicle speed is high enough to cause severe channel distortion in vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) environments. We can utilize channel estimation methods to approach a reliable vehicle communication systems. Conventional channel estimation schemes can be categorized as least-squares (LS), decision-directed channel estimation (DDCE), spectral temporal averaging (STA), and smoothing methods. In this study, we propose a smart channel estimation scheme in LTE-based V2V environments. The channel estimation scheme, based on an LTE uplink system, uses a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) as the pilot symbol. Unlike conventional channel estimation schemes, we propose an adaptive smoothing channel estimation scheme (ASCE) using quadratic smoothing (QS) of the pilot symbols, which estimates a channel with greater accuracy and adaptively estimates channels in data symbols. In simulation results, the proposed ASCE scheme shows improved overall performance in terms of the normalized mean square error (NMSE) and bit error rate (BER) relative to conventional schemes.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.52 no.12
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• pp.22-31
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• 2015

Recently, 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) has developed device-to-device (D2D) communication to cope with the explosively increasing mobile data traffic. The D2D communication uses sidelink based on single carrier-frequency division multiple access (SC-FMDA) due to its low peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR). In addition, demodulation reference signal (DMRS) is designed to support multiple input multiple output (MIMO). In this paper, we propose the DFT-based channel estimation scheme for sidelink in D2D communication. The proposed scheme uses the 2-Dimensional Minimum Mean Square Error (2-D MMSE) interpolation scheme for the user moving at a high speed. We perform the system level simulation based on 20MHz bandwidth of 3GPP LTE-Advanced system. Simulation results show that the proposed channel estimation scheme can improve signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR), throughput and spectral efficiency of conventional scheme.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.83-89
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• 2023

The clustering technique using RF fingerprint extracts the characteristic signature of the transmitters which are embedded in the transmission waveforms. The output of the RF-Fingerprint feature extraction algorithm for clustering identical DMR(Digital Mobile Radios) is a high-dimensional feature, typically consisting of 512 or more dimensions. While such high-dimensional features may be effective for the classifiers, they are not suitable to be used as inputs for the clustering algorithms. Therefore, this paper proposes a dimension reduction algorithm that effectively reduces the dimensionality of the multidimensional RF-Fingerprint features while maintaining the fingerprinting characteristics of the DMRs. Additionally, it proposes a clustering algorithm that can effectively cluster the reduced dimensions. The proposed clustering algorithm reduces the multi-dimensional RF-Fingerprint features using t-SNE, based on KL Divergence, and performs clustering using Density Peaks Clustering (DPC). The performance analysis of the DMR clustering algorithm uses a dataset of 3000 samples collected from 10 Motorola XiR and 10 Wintech N-Series DMRs. The results of the RF-Fingerprinting-based clustering algorithm showed the formation of 20 clusters, and all performance metrics including Homogeneity, Completeness, and V-measure, demonstrated a performance of 99.4%.

• BMB Reports
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• v.45 no.10
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• pp.545-553
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• 2012

Determination of the type and origin of the body fluids found at a crime scene can give important insights into crime scene reconstruction by supporting a link between sample donors and actual criminal acts. For more than a century, numerous types of body fluid identification methods have been developed, such as chemical tests, immunological tests, protein catalytic activity tests, spectroscopic methods and microscopy. However, these conventional body fluid identification methods are mostly presumptive, and are carried out for only one body fluid at a time. Therefore, the use of a molecular genetics-based approach using RNA profiling or DNA methylation detection has been recently proposed to supplant conventional body fluid identification methods. Several RNA markers and tDMRs (tissue-specific differentially methylated regions) which are specific to forensically relevant body fluids have been identified, and their specificities and sensitivities have been tested using various samples. In this review, we provide an overview of the present knowledge and the most recent developments in forensic body fluid identification and discuss its possible practical application to forensic casework.