• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.202-209
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• 2018

본 시험은 남부지역 논에서 사료용 벼와 월동작물은 연계하여 연간 생산성을 비교하기 위하여 수행하였다. 사료용 벼는 국립식량과학원에서 육성된 수원 605호, 영우, 목우 품종을 이용하였으며 월동작물로 호밀(곡우), IRG(그린팜) 그리고 트리티케일(조성)을 이용하였다. 각각의 작물은 표준재배법을 이용하여 재배하였으며 사료용 벼의 수확은 품종별로 출수 약 30일후에 실시하였다. 월동사료작물의 초장은 호밀이 가장 컸으며 파종시기가 늦어짐에 따라 커지는 것으로 나타났다. 건물함량은 이탈리안라이그라스가 가장 낮았으며 트리티케일이 평균 29.4%로 가장 높았다. 건물 수량은 호밀이 가장 높았으며 이탈리안라이그라스와 트리티케일은 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 사료가치는 파종시기에 따른 차이는 없었으나 초종간에는 차이가 있었다. 특히 호밀은 다른 초종에 비해 CP, IVDMD, TDN 및 RFV 수치가 낮게 나타났다. 사료용 벼 출수기는 수원 605호가 가장 빨랐으며 목우가 가장 늦었다. 건물함량은 목우가 유의적으로 낮게 나타났으나 건물생산량은 평균 18,484kg/ha로 품종간의 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 사료가치에 있어는 목우의 조단백질 함량이 유의적으로 낮게 나타났으며 TDN 및 RFV 값은 목우가 가장 높았다. 연간 생산성 평가에 있어서는 호밀-수원 605호가 86,741kg/ha로 가장 높은 생초수량을 나타내었으며 건물수량도 26,515kg/ha로 가장 높았다. 트리티케일과 IRG도 수원 605와의 작부체계시 건물 및 TDN 생산성이 높았다. 이상의 결과를 종합하여 볼 때 남부지역에서의 사료용 벼를 이용한 연중 사료작물 생산체계시 수원 605호와 호밀 (곡우) 조합이 가장 우수한 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.311-316
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• 1998

본 시험은 충남대학교 농과대학 초지시험포장에 1995년 9월부터 1998년 5월까지 속간교잡종인 Festulolium braunii (품종, Paulita)의 국내 보급가능성을 타진하고자 3처리의 혼파유형 (1) Festulolium braunii (FB, 파종비율 50%)+orchardgrass(OG, 50%), (2) Festulolium braunii (FB, 80%)+red clover (RC, 20%) 및 (3) Festulolium braunii (FB, 20%)+orchardgrass(OG, 50%)+tall fescue(TF, 20%)+white clover(WC, 10%)을 두어 난괴법 4반복으로 건물수량과 품질을 비교하였으며 얻어진 결과는 다음과 같다. 건물수량은 처리간에 유의적인 차이는 없었으나 FB+RC 초지가 다른 혼파유형에 비하여 약간 많았다. CP 함량은 FB+RC 초지가 다른 혼파유형에 비하여 높았으며(P<0.05), 반대로 NDF와 ADF 함량은 다른 혼파유형에 비하여 오히려 낮은 결과를 가져왔다(P<0.05). CP와 DDM 수량은 FB+RC 초지가 다른 혼파유형에 비하여 높은 결과를 나타내었다(P<0.05). 97년의 마지막 예취시기에 조사한 식생비율은 모든 혼파유형에서 FB의 식생비율이 51~58%로 높게 유지되었다. 이상의 결과를 종합할 때 FB는 다른 초종과 혼파가능성은 충분하다고 하겠으며, 그 중 RC와 혼파하는 것이 가장 좋은 결과를 얻었다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.149-155
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• 2020

Cattle feeding in South Korea has been heavily dependent on domestically produced rice straw and imported grain. Around 42% of domestically produced rice straw is utilized for forage, and the remainder is recycled to restore soil fertility. Approximately 35% of round baleages were made with rice straw. However, higher quality hay is desired over rice straw. Due to increasing stockpiles of rice, there has been an economic burden on the government to store the surplus; therefore production of annual forage crops in rice fields has been further promoted in recent years. Hay import from the USA currently constitutes more than 80% of total imported hays. The main imported hays are alfalfa (Medicago sativa), timothy (Phleum pretense), and tall fescue (Festica arundinacea). The estimated forage required for cattle feeding was approximately 5.4 million MT in 2016. Domestically produced forage sates only 43% of that value, while low quality rice straw and imported hay covered the rest of demand by 33% and 20%, respectively. As utilization of domestically produced forage is more desirable for forage-based cattle production, long-term strategies have been necessary to promote domestic production of high quality baleage. One such strategy has been utilizing the fertile soil and abundance of fallow rice fields of western region of S. Korea to produce forage crops. Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) is the most successfully produced winter annual in the region and is approximately 56% of the total winter annual forage production. Forage sorghums (Sorghum bicolor), sorghum × sudangrass hybrids, and hybrid corn (Zea mays) produce a substantial amount of warm-season forage during summer. Produced forage has been largely stored through baleage due to heavy dew and frequent rains and has been evaluated according to S. Korea's newly implemented baleage commodity evaluation system. The system weighs 50% of its total grading points on moisture content because of its importance in deliverable DM content and desirable baleage fermentation; this has proved to be an effective method. Although further improvement is required for the future of forage production in South Korea, the current government-led forage production in rice fields has been able to alleviate some of the country's shortage for quality hay.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.416-430
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• 2017

The kenaf plant is used widely as food and in traditional folk medicine. This study evaluated the morphological characteristics, functional compounds, and genetic diversity of 32 kenaf cultivars from a worldwide collection. We found significant differences in the functional compounds of leaves from all cultivars, including differences in levels of chlorogenic acid isomer (CAI), chlorogenic acid (CA), kaempferol glucosyl rhamnoside isomer (KGRI), kaempferol rhamnosyl xyloside (KRX), kaemperitrin (KAPT) and total phenols (TPC). The highest TPC, KAPT, CA, and KRX contents were observed in the C22 cultivars. A significant correlation was observed between flowering time and DM yield, seed yield, and four phenolic compounds (KGRI, KRX, CAI, and TPC) (P < 0.01). To assess genetic diversity, we used 80 simple sequence repeats (SSR) primer sets and identified 225 polymorphic loci in the kenaf cultivars. The polymorphism information content and genetic diversity values ranged from 0.11 to 0.79 and 12 to 0.83, with average values of 0.39 and 0.43, respectively. The cluster analysis of the SSR markers showed that the kenaf genotypes could be clearly divided into three clusters based on flowering time. Correlations analysis was conducted for the 80 SSR markers; morphological, chemical and growth traits were found for 15 marker traits (corolla, vein, petal, leaf, stem color, leaf shape, and KGRI content) with significant marker-trait correlations. These results could be used for the selection of kenaf cultivars with improved yield and functional compounds.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제61권6호
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• pp.313-323
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• 2019

The interactive effect of dietary fat supplementation and milk yield level on dairy cows performance under heat stress has not been thoroughly investigated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of production level, the source of fat supplements and their interaction on dairy cows performance under heat stress. In this study, 64 Holstein multiparous cows were divided into 2 groups and received one of two rations having either calcium salts of fatty acids (Ca-FA) or high-palmitic acid (PA) supplements (2.8% of DM; dry matter). After completing the experiment and based on maturity-equivalent milk, cows were divided into two groups of high-yielding (14,633 kg) and medium-yielding (11,616 kg). Average temperature humidity index (THI) was 71 during the trial period. Apparent digestibility of dry matter (p = 0.04), organic matter (p = 0.05), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF; p = 0.04) for cows fed Ca-FA were greater than cows fed PA. The milk fat content in high-producing cows was 0.3% greater than medium-producing cows (p = 0.03). The milk protein content in cows fed Ca-FA was greater than cows fed PA (p < 0.01). High-producing cows had greater serum cholesterol (p = 0.02) than medium-producing cows. The cows fed PA tended to have a greater BUN than cows fed Ca-FA (p = 0.06). Alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase tended to be increased by PA, which indicates that cows in PA treatment may have experienced more adverse effect on the liver function than cows on Ca-FA. Therefore, under heat stress and in 90 d trial, milk production level does not affect the cows' response to PA or Ca-FA. Although cows fed Ca-FA received lower energy than those fed PA, they compensated for this shortage likely with increasing the digestibility and produced a similar amount of milk.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.204-213
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• 2008

Four ruminally cannulated Holstein cows averaging 43 days in milk (DIM) were used in a $4{\times}4$ Latin square to determine the effect of feeding extruded soybean, ground canola seed and whole cottonseed on ruminal fermentation and milk fatty acid profile. One hundred and twenty lactating Holstein cows, 58 (${\pm}31$) DIM, were assigned to four treatments in a completely randomized block design to study the effects of the three types of oilseeds on production parameters and milk fatty acid profile. The four diets were a control diet (CON) and three diets in which 10% extruded soybean (ESB), 5% ground canola seed (GCS) and 10% whole cottonseed (WCS) were included, respectively. Diets consisted of concentrate mix, corn silage and Chinese wild rye and were balanced to similar concentrations of CP, NDF and ADF. Ruminal fermentation results showed that ruminal fermentation parameters, dry matter intake and milk yield were not significantly affected by treatments. However, compared with the control, feeding cows with the three oilseed diets reduced C14:0 and C16:0 and elevated C18:0 and C18:1 concentrations in milk, and feeding ESB increased C18:2 and cis9, trans11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). Production results showed that feeding ESB tended to increase actual milk yield (30.85 kg/d vs. 29.29 kg/d) and significantly decreased milk fat percentage (3.53% vs. 4.06%) compared with CON. Milk protein (3.41%) and solid non-fat (13.27%) from cows fed WCS were significantly higher than from cows fed CON (3.24% and 12.63%, respectively). Milk urea N concentrations from cows fed the ESB (164.12 mg/L) and GCS (169.91 mg/L) were higher than cows fed CON (132.31 mg/L). However, intake of DM, 4% fat corrected milk, energy corrected milk, milk fat and protein yields, milk lactose percentage and yield, somatic cell count and body condition score were not affected by different treatments. The proportion of medium-chain fatty acid with 14 to 16 C units in milk was greatly decreased in cows fed ESB, GCS and WCS. Feeding ESB increased the concentration in milk of C18:1, C18:2, C18:3 and cis9, trans11-CLA content by 16.67%, 37.36%, 95.24%, 72.22%, respectively, feeding GCS improved C18:0 and C18:1 by 17.41% and 33.28%, respectively, and feeding WCS increased C18:0 by 31.01% compared with feeding CON. Both ruminal fermentation and production trial results indicated that supplementation of extruded soybean, ground canola seed and whole cottonseed could elevate the desirable poly- and monounsaturated fatty acid and decrease the medium chain fatty acid and saturated fatty acid content of milk fat without negative effects on ruminal fermentation and lactation performance.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.115-119
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• 1978

볏짚의 사료가치(飼料價値)를 증진(增進)하고 아울러 고마리의 사료가치(飼料價値)를 구명(究明)하기 위하여 볏짚과 고마리의 혼합비율(混合比率)을 각각(各各) 10 : 90($T_1$), 20 : 80($T_2$), 30 : 70($T_3$), 및 40 : 60($T_4$)로 처리(處理)하여 혼합(混合)Silage를 제조(製造)한 후(後) 이들 재료(材料)와 Silage의 조성분석(組成分析)하고 Silage의 품질(品質)을 판정(判定)하여 그 결과(結果)를 아래와 같이 요약(要約)하였다. 1. 통일계(統一系)(노풍)볏짚의 조성분중(粗成分中) 조단질(粗蛋質)과 가용무질소물(可溶無窒素物)이 고형물비(固形物比)로 각각(各各) 8.18% 및 44.66%로 일반(一般)볏짚보다 사료가치(飼料價値)가 양호(良好)해 보였고 고마리도 고형물(固形物) 기준(基準)으로 조단백질(粗蛋白質)이 14.47%로 일반적(一般的)으로 화본과목(禾本科牧草)보다 높았고 가용무질소물(可溶無窒素物)은 51.13%로 대략 화본과(禾本科)나 두과목초(豆科牧草)보다 높아 보였다. 2. Silage의 수분함량(水分含量)은 $T_2$가 72.12%, $T_3$가 66.43%로 비교적 수분함량(水分含量)이 적당(適當)했고 모든 처리구(處理區)가 타(他) Silage에 비(比)하여 조단백질량(粗蛋白質量)이 높아 보였다. 3. Silage의 pH는 $T_1$이 pH 3.8로 가장 양호(良好)하였고 $T_4$가 pH 4.5로 가장 높았으며 유기산함량(有機酸含量)은 $T_1$이 가장 적었고 $T_4$가 가장 많았으나 총산(總酸)에 대(對)한 유산비율(乳酸比率)은 $T_1$쪽이 높고 $T_4$가 떨어졌다. 4. 볏짚과 고마리의 혼합(混合)으로 양질(良質)의 Silage를 제조(製造)할 수 있었으며 볏짚과 고마리의 혼합비율(混合比率)은 20 : 80~30 : 70 범위가 적당(適當)했으며, 앞으로 혼합(混合) Silage의 이용가치(利用價値)가 기대(期待)된다.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.35-42
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• 2002

본 시험은 미생물제제를 이용한 발효돈분 액비를 질소 함량을 기준으로 하여 수수$\times$수단그라스 교잡종 재비시 사용하였을 때 생육, 생산성 및 토양에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 3처리(화학비료 시용구, 일반발효돈분비액비 시용구, 미생물제제 이용 발효돈분액비 시용구)를 난괴법 3반복으로 배치하여 제주지역에서 수행하였다. 파종후 생육초기에는 초장이 일반발효돈분액비 시용구가 화학비료 시용구에 비하여 다소 길었으나. 수확시에는 처리간 차이없이 비슷하였다. ha당 총 건물수량은 41.848~15.421kg으로 처리간 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 또한 수수교잡종의 CP, NDF, ADF 및 무기물 함량도 처리간 큰 차이없이 비슷한 경향이였다. 시험후 토양의 pH는 5.35~5.63으로 비슷하여 유의적인 차니는 보이지 않았으나 유효인산 함량은 화학비료 시용구가 발효돈분액비 시용구들에 비해 높았다(P<0.05). 치환성 양이온 중 K는 미생물제제 이용 발효돈분액비를 시용하였을 때 유의적으로 높은 함량을 보였으나 (p<0.05), 2차 수확후에는 차이가 없었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.549-554
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• 2002

An experiment was conducted to examine the performance and carcass characteristics of Hanwoo (Korean native beef cattle) heifers and the fatty acid composition of muscle tissues of the heifers when the animals fed diets containing four levels of dried wormwood (Artemisia sp.). For the experiment the animals were given a basal diet consisting of rice straw and concentrate mixed at 3:7 ratio (on DM basis). The treatments were designed as a completely randomized design with two feeding periods. Heifers were allotted in one of four dietary treatments, which were designed to progressively substitute dried wormwood for 0, 3, 5 and 10% of the rice straw in the basal diet. There was no difference in body weight gain throughout the entire period between the treatment groups. Feed conversion rate was improved (p<0.05) only by the 3% dried wormwood inclusion treatment compared with the basal treatment. Carcass weight, carcass yield and backfat thickness of all treatment groups were not altered by wormwood inclusion. The 5% dried wormwood inclusion significantly increased (p<0.05) the size of loin-eye area over the other treatments. The higher levels (5 and 10%) of dried wormwood inclusion resulted in the higher (p<0.05) water holding capacity (WHC) in loin than the lower levels (0 and 3%) of wormwood inclusion. The redness ($a^*$) and yellowness ($b^*$) values of meat color were significantly lower (p<0.05) in the top round muscle of heifers fed the diet containing 3% dried wormwood. There was a profound effect of the progressively increased intake of dried wormwood led to the linear increase of unsaturated fatty acid content and the linear decrease of saturated fatty acid content in the muscle tissues of Hanwoo heifers. It is concluded that the feeding diets containing dried wormwood substituted for equal weights of rice straw at 5% levels would be anticipated to provide better quality roughage for beef heifer production and economical benefits for beef cattle producers.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권10호
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• pp.1464-1469
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• 2006

The present study was conducted with twenty-four Korean native (Hanwoo) steers to observe the effect of mixed oil and monensin supplementation and duration of feeding on c9,t11-CLA content in plasma and fat tissues. The steers were randomly assigned to three groups of eight animals each according to body weight. Hanwoo steers in the control group were fed the commercial concentrate for the late fattening stage. The other groups of steers were fed the same diet as control steers, but the concentrate was supplemented with high-$C_{18:2}$ oil mixture (soybean oil, sunflower oil, safflower oil) and fish oil at 6% level of concentrate (DM basis), and monensin (20 ppm). The second and third group of steers was fed the oil mixture supplemented diet with monensin for the last 10 weeks and 20 weeks, respectively, prior to being slaughtered. The oil mixture consisted of 45% soybean oil, 20% sunflower oil, 20% safflower oil and 15% fish oil. Average daily gain (p<0.049) and feed efficiency (p<0.018) of the steers fed the diet supplemented with oil mixture and monensin (OM-M) for 20 weeks were higher than those of the other groups of steers. Dressing percent, fat thickness and longissimus muscle area were not affected by the OM-M supplementation and duration of its feeding. The OM-M supplementation increased the content of total-cholesterol (p<0.0001-0.0007) and HDL-cholesterol (p<0.0001) in the plasma of steers compared to the control diet. The steers fed the OM-M diet had a higher proportion of c9,t11-CLA in plasma (p<0.048-0.044) than the control steers. Feeding the OM-M diet for 20 weeks increased the proportion of CLA in intramuscular (p<0.015), intermuscular (p<0.039) and subcutaneous (p<0.001) fat tissues compared with both steers fed the control diet and the OM-M diet for 10 weeks. Increased (p<0.007) proportion of total unsaturated fatty acids in steers fed the OM-M diet for 20 weeks compared to those in control steers was related to the increased (p<0.001) $C_{18:2}$ and decreased (p<0.001) $C_{18:0}$ proportions in subcutaneous tissue.