• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.9
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• pp.1179-1186
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• 2009

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of saengmaec-san on the level of blood glucose and serum components in streptozocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. The experimental groups were divided into normal group (normal), diabetic control group (Dia-control), 10% saengmaec-san (white ginseng) group (DA), 10% saengmaec-san (fermented white ginseng) group (DB), 10% saengmaec-san (fermented red ginseng) group (DC), 5% saengmaec-san (extruded and fermented white ginseng) group (DDL), 10% saengmaec-san (extruded and fermented white ginseng) group (DDH). The body weight after induction of diabetes was 85.4% in the Dia-control group compared with the normal group. But in the DA group, the body weight showed clear sign of recovery almost normal level after administration of saengmaec-san for two weeks. The food efficiency ratios (FER) were 5.94% in the normal group. But it was significantly decreased in the Dia-control group (0.58%). All the treatment groups showed increase of FER compared with the Dia-control group. The level of blood glucose was significantly increased in the STZ-induced diabetes groups but it was decreased in all the treatment groups after administration for 2 weeks. Serum creatinine level were significantly higher in the STZ-induced diabetes groups and after administration of saengmaeg-san for 2 weeks while the level of serum creatinine was decreased 33.3% in the DB group. After administration of saengmaec-san for two weeks, serum total cholesterol level were significantly lower in all treatment groups than the first day of the total cholesterol level. The level of serum triglyceride was increased in all the treatment groups compared with the first day of triglyceride level. The level of serum HDL-cholesterol, after STZ-induced diabetes, was decreased in all treatment groups but particularly in the DDL and DDH groups increased HDL-cholesterol level compared with the first day of the saengmaec-san administration. Compared with the beginning of experiment, Atherogenic index (AI) were significantly decreased in all treatment groups than the Dia-control group and showed clear sign of recovery almost normal level. These results suggested that the saengmaec-san could be developed as an antidiabetic agent.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.483-492
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• 2021

Agastachis Herba (AH) to treat anorexia and nausea and its antidiabetic efficacy was recently reported. This study examined the antioxidant activities and chemical constituents of AH and predicted the target proteins of each compound using in silico approaches. The results showed that EC50 values of AH methanol extract for DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging were 78.6 ㎍/mL and 31.0 ㎍/mL, respectively. Compared to the EC50 values of ascorbic acid (9.9 ㎍/mL, 5.2 ㎍/mL), the AH methanol extract possessed excellent antioxidant activities. Rosmarinic acid, tilianin, agastachoside, and acetin were confirmed as the major compounds of extracts by qualitative analysis performed with HPLC-PDA-MS/MS. The antidiabetic target proteins of these compounds were predicted by applying a structural similarity and inverse docking methodology using a DIA-DB server. The resulting target proteins were PPAR-γ, DPP IV, glucokinase, α-glucosidase, SGLT2, aldose reductase, and corticosteroid 11-beta-dehydrogenase, some of which have already been proven experimentally as target proteins. Therefore, the in silico methods can be considered valid. Finally, AH were extracted with various solvents to determine the optimal conditions for the extraction of active components. Methanol among organic solvents and 80% ethanol in ethanol-water mixtures were identified as the most effective solvent for the extraction.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.222-228
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to compare mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA; Dentsply, Tulsa Dental, Tulsa, OK, USA), which is widely used as root-end filling material, with DiaRoot BioAggregate (DB; Innovative BioCaramix Inc, Vancouver, BC, Canada), newly developed product, by using MG63 osteoblast-like cells. MTA, DB, and Intermediate Restorative Material (IRM; Dentsply Caulk, Milford, DE, USA) were used for root-end filling material while tissue culture plastic was used for control group. Each material was mixed and, the mixtures were left to set for 24 hours. MG63 cells were seeded to each group and then they were cultured for attachment for 4 hours. Following the attachment of cells to the root-end filling material, early cellular response was observed. After another 12 hours'culture, the level of attachment between cells and material was observed and in order to identify the effect of each material to bone formation, transforming growth factor beta1 ($TGF{\beta}1$) and osteocalin (OC) were estimated by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the amount of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was also measured. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. As a result, only at OC and the number of cells which were attached to materials, there was no statistical difference between MTA and DB. At other items, there was statistically significant difference in all groups. Although DB has not shown exactly the same cellular response like that of MTA, the number of attached cells shows that biocompatibility of the material and OC indicates bone formation rate. Therefore, if DB is used for root end filling material, it is expected to lead to similar results to MTA.