• BMB Reports
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.209-215
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• 2023

Maintaining internal homeostasis and regulating innate behaviors are essential for animal survival. In various animal species, a highly conserved neuroendocrine system integrates sensory inputs and regulates physiological responses to environmental and internal changes. Diuretic hormones 44 and 31, which are homologs of mammalian corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), respectively, control body fluid secretion in Drosophila. These neuropeptides and their receptors have multiple physiological roles, including the regulation of body-fluid secretion, sleep:wake cycle, internal nutrient-sensing, and CO₂-dependent response. This review discusses the physiological and behavioral roles of DH44 and DH31 signaling pathways, consisting of neuroendocrine cells that secrete DH44 or DH31 peptides and their receptor-expressing organs. Further research is needed to understand the regulatory mechanisms of the behavioral processes mediated by these neuroendocrine systems.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.179-184
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• 2004

A doubled-haploid (DH) population was developed through anther culture of F$_1$ plants obtained from a cross between a japonica cultivar, 'Nagdongbyeo', as male parent and a indica cultivar, 'Samgangbyeo', as female parent. Segregation modes for plant length, culm length, panicle length, third internode length, and days to heading in the DH lines showed nearly normal distribution with wide range of variation. A molecular map with 136 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers was constructed using the DH population. The total map distance was 1,909 cM and the average interval of marker distance was 14 cM.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.214-217
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• 1993

Carbon monoxide dehydrogenase (CO-DH) was found to be present in Acinetobacter sp. strain JC1 grown on CO and also on methylotrophic and heterotrophic substrates, except for pyruvate and nutrient broth. The amounts of CO-DH in cells grown on methylamine, glucose, galactose, and succinate were comparable to that of the CO-grown cells. CO-DH activity, however, was onot deteted by the dye-linked assay method in cell extracts prepared from cells grown on organic substrates, except on ethanol and succinate. THe activity was detected when the CO-DH was stained by activity using CO as a substrate. CO-DHs in cells grown on different substrates were found to be identical in immunological properties.

• BMB Reports
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.201-208
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• 1998

Amino acid analogs, like other inducers of stress response, induce the synthesis of stress proteins in mammalian cells. In this study, Drosophila Kc cells, in which translation is tightly controlled during stress response, was treated with proline analogs, L-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid (AzC) and 3,4-dehydro-L-proline (dh-P). Kc cells exposed to AzC or dh-P induced the synthesis of several proteins which had the same molecular weights as known heat shock proteins. However, in Kc cells, normal protein synthesis still continued in the presence of amino acids analogs unlike in heat-shocked cells. For the induction of stress response, the incorporation of dh-P into the protein was not essential, but the incorporation of AzC was. The stress protein synthesis was regulated mainly at the transcriptional level by AzC, whereas it was regulated by dh-P at the transcription level and possibly posttranscription level. During recovery, the stress protein synthesis stopped sooner in analog-treated cells than in heat-shocked cells even though the accumulated amount of Hsp70 was much less in proline analogstreated cells. It could be concluded that the proline analogs, AzC and dh-P, induced stress response through a different mechanism from heat shock.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.840-846
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• 2002

Male Sprague-Bawler rats were blocked into four groups which were normal rats fed control diet (NC) diabetic rats fed control diet (DC), normal rats fed Hamcho powder diet (NH), and diabetic rats fed Hamcho powder diet (DH). Diabetes was induced by single injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg B.W. i.p.). The animals were fed ad libitum for 5 weeks. Malondialdehyde (MDA), glucose 6-phosphtase (Gspase), glutathione S-transferase (GST) glutathione Peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GR) activities were measured in the homogenates of liver and kidney, and total lipid, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and HDL-cholesterol concentrations in the blood serum. Food and water intakes were markedly higher in diabetic groups than those of normal groups and were not significantly decreased by Hamcho powder supplementation, But, FER (Feed efficiency ratio) of DH Brood was higher than that of U group. Total cholesterol level of DH group was decreased in the second and third week, and the weekly change of blood sugar was also decreased in the 5th week. Dietary Hamcho intake showed 41.2% of hypoglycemic effect in diabetics rats. Levels of total lipid and triglycerides of DH group were lower than those of DC group. Hepatic GR activity of DH group was higher than those of other groups. However, renal GR activity was lower than those of other groups. Hepatic G6Pase activity was significantly high in DH group and reduced by Hamcho powder supplementation. GST was reduced by Hancho diet in diabetic rats. In conclusion Hamcho supplementation decreased serum lipid and glucose concentration in STZ-induced diabetic rats and this effects of Hamcho might exert antidiabetic effect of Hamcho powder diet.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.179-187
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• 2011

Experimental tracheal ligation (TL) has been shown to reverse the pulmonary hypoplasia associated with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) and to normalize gas exchange. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the TL would correct the surfactant deficiency present in the fetal rabbit model of CDH by using lamellar body count. Lamellar bodies are synthesized and secreted by the type II pneumocytes of fetal lung. The phospholipids present in these bodies constitute the major component of pulmonary surfactant. Twenty-one pregnant New Zealand rabbits underwent hysterotomy and fetal surgery on gestational day 24. Two fetuses of each pregnant rabbit were operated. In the fetus of one end of bicornuate uterus, left DH was created by excision of fetal diaphragm through open thoracotomy (DH Group). In the fetus of the other end of bicornuate uterus, left DH and TL were created (TL Group). The fetuses were delivered by Cesarean section on gestational day 31. Fourteen in control group, 12 in the DH group and 13 in TL group were born alive. En bloc excision of lungs, bronchi and trachea was done in all newborn rabbits. A five Fr catheter was inserted through trachea and repeated irrigations with 10 cc normal saline were done. The irrigated fluid was centrifuged at $280{\times}g$ for 5 minutes and the lamellar bodies were counted with the upper level fluid in platelet channel of electronic cell counter. The average lamellar body counts were $37.1{\pm}14.2{\times}10^3/{\mu}L$ in control group, $11.5{\pm}4.4 {\times}10^3/{\mu}L$ in DH group, and $6.5{\pm}0.9{\times}10^3/{\mu}L$ in TL group. Lamellar body count in DH group was lower than in control group and did not increase after TL. This study shows TL has no therapeutic effect on decreased surfactant level of CDH and the pregnant rabbit is appropriate for the animal model of CDH.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.75-82
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• 2013

Haploids are plants with a gametophytic number of chromosomes in their sporophytes. Androgenesis occurs from asymmetric division of pollen grains into generative cells and vegetative cells, followed by re-entry of the vegetative cell during S-phase, which causes microspores progress into G2/M transition in culture. One of the most interesting features of haploids is the possibility to produce doubled haploid (DH) individuals. Doubled haploidy is extremely useful to plant breeders because it enables shortened breeding periods and efficiency in selection of useful recessive agronomic traits. Doubled-haploid technology is not only applicable to breeding, but also to transformation programs of desired genes. In addition to practical breeding programs, DH lines provide useful materials of fundamental genetics including exploitation of QTLs and genes conferred with various agronomic traits by establishing DH populations. This paper provides historical overviews on androgenesis and describes several mechanisms associated with pollen embryogenesis, including mode of actions in pollen embryogenesis, mechanisms of chromosome doubling and factors affecting androgenesis. We also discuss recent progress in application of haploids to breeding, genes associated with in vitro response and drawbacks to anther culture for application of doubled haploids in crop breeding.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.31 no.2B
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• pp.165-173
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• 2011

In this study, FESWMS FST2DH model was used to analyze the change of flow characteristics after making the riparian forest. The additional flow resistance is calculated based on the drag-force concept acting on each tree and the lateral momentum transfer between planted and non-planted zone could be satisfactorily reproduced by parabolic turbulence model in this depth-averaged 2-D numerical model. For model validation, the simulated velocities were compared with the measured data, showing good agreement in both tree density cases of experiments. The previous method using a proper Manning's n coefficient gives reasonable solutions only to evaluate the conveyance, but the calculated approach velocity at each tree was different from realistic value. The proposed procedure could be widely used to evaluate hydraulic effects of riparian trees in practical engineering.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.328-333
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• 2017

Desomodii Herba (DH) has been shown to exhibit pharmacologyical activities, such as increase myocaridal contraction and secretion of hepatic bile. DH is used to reduce pain caused by rheumatoid arthritis(RA) in Korean medicine. However, the DH exact(DHE) effect and mechanism on rheumatoid arthritis are unknown. In this study, we aimed at the inhibitory effect of DHE on rheumatoid arthritis, and investigated the effect in collagen-induced mice arthritis model and TNF-${\alpha}$ induced MMP-1 and MMP-3 expression including the molecular basis in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts (RASFs).The effect of DHE on RA was measured by clinical scoring system. In RASFs, expression of MMP-1 and MMP-3 was assessed by Western blotting and real-time PCR. Also, Western blotting used to evaluate the phosphorylation levels of p38, ERK and JNK and activation of NF-${\kappa}B$ and AP-1. Our results showed that DHE reduced collagen-induced arthritis in mice. DHE inhibits TNF-${\alpha}$ induced MMP-1 and MMP-3 expression and mRNA levels in RASFs. The inhibitory effect of DHE was mediated by the inhibition of the AP-1/JNK signaling pathway. Taken together, our results suggest that the DHE may have preventive potential for rheumatoid arthritis.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.531-536
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• 2018

The weighted K-nearest neighbor (WKNN) algorithm is used to reduce positioning accuracy, as it uses a fixed number of neighbors to estimate the position. In this paper, we propose a dynamic threshold location algorithm (DH-KNN) to improve positioning accuracy. The proposed algorithm is designed based on a dynamic threshold to determine the number of neighbors and filter out singular reference points (RPs). We compare its performance with the WKNN and Enhanced K-Nearest Neighbor (EKNN) algorithms in test spaces of networks with dimensions of $20m{\times}20m$, $30m{\times}30m$, $40m{\times}40m$ and $50m{\times}50m$. Simulation results show that the maximum position accuracy of DH-KNN improves by 31.1%, and its maximum position error decreases by 23.5%. The results demonstrate that our proposed method achieves better performance than other well-known algorithms.