• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.106-111
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• 2000

In this paper, we designed the DCO controller of frequency synthesizer by combing the m DS, DDS, and PLL methods to improve the performances(transition time, stability, re Designed DCO controller used parallel processing and pattern matching techniques. The designed DCO controller in this thesis profits the rapid and exact synchronization wh handed off in the mobile communication.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.1073-1078
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• 2018

As interest in the 4th Industrial Revolution increases, the CPS, in which things existing in the reality and things existing in the virtual interact with each other, is attracting attention as an important technology. Complex systems such as electric vehicles, autonomous driving, smart factories, and smart grid system are considered as core technology fields of the 4th Industrial Revolution, and many types of research have been conducted to develop it. The reliability of the system is directly related to the safety of people in case of the autonomous driving, and verification of the actual vehicle's hardware and software of ADAS is essential. In this paper, we proposed distributed simulation middleware supporting HILS for reliable verification of the complex hybrid systems.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.403-409
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• 2005

For transdermal delivery of large molecular drugs such as vaccine and protein drugs, novel microneedle treatment device with roll was designed. The roll dimension is 1.43 cm diameter and 2.8 cm perimeter. Total number of microneedle on the roll is 3,360 with $230\;{\mu}m$ height and $740\;{\mu}m$ distance. The pore with $150\;{\mu}m$ depth and $35\;{\mu}m$ diameter on the skin was made by the designed microneedle device. This system could be achieved without pain. The permeation rates of FITC labelled ovalbumin (FITC-OVA, molecular weight: 45,000 g/mol) as a model protein were determined by modified Franz diffusion cells using skins of hairless mice or SD rats which were treated by using microneedle device two or four times. The average penetration fluxes of model protein increased from 674 to $872\;{\mu}g/cm^{2}{\cdot}hr$ as the number of treatment to make pore increased from two to four times. In conclusion, we confirmed the possibility of using the designed microneedle treatment device for transdermal delivery of the large molecular drugs.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.81-87
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• 2008

Alkaline reduced water (ARW) has been used for drinking widely in several countries of Asia. The safety and clinical effects of ARW has been reported including anti-oxidative effect and intestinal abnormal fermentation. To confirm the effect of ARW on DSS-induced acute inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) mouse model, we observed the length of total large intestine and the histopathological changes after supplying mineral induced-ARW (MARW) for 2 weeks and oral administration of 4% DSS (dextran sulfate sodium). As the result, the length of total large intestine and the disease scores by macro and microscopical access in the ARWsupplied group showed no significant differences compared with those in the control group. This result suggests that the supply of ARW for 2 weeks exerted no effect on amelioration in the DSS-induced acute IBD model. However, in consideration of the effect of ARW on the improvement of intestinal environment and gastrointestinal disease, this result seems that acute IBD animal model is not suitable or the period of ARW supply is not enough to prove the effect of ARW. The ameliorative effect of ARW on the intestinal abnormal fermentation has been confirmed by some researchers, but the precise mechanism also remain unclear. In conclusion, although MARW had no effect on the DSS-induced acute experimental colitis model, further studies on the verification of the effects of ARW by using other intestinal disease model and by long-term supply of ARW will be required. Also, It needs to clear the mechanism of ARW on the intestinal environment.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.26-35
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• 2006

Background: Luteolin, a flavone found in various Chinese herbal medicines is known to possess anti-inflammatory properties through its ability to inhibit various proinflammatory signaling pathways including NF-${\kappa}B$ and p38 MAPK. In this study, we investigated the potential therapeutic effect of luteolin on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis. Materials and Methods: We used a transgenic mouse model expressing the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) under the transcriptional control of NF-${\kappa}B$ $cis$-elements. C57BL/6 NF-${\kappa}B^{EGFP}$ mice received 2.5% DSS in their drinking water for six days in combination with daily luteolin administration (1mg/kg body weight, 0.1ml vol, intragastric) or vehicle. NF-${\kappa}B$ activity was assessed macroscopically with a Charge-Coupled Device (CCD) camera and microscopically by confocal analysis. Results: A significant increase in the Disease Activity Index (DAI), histological score (p<0.05), IL-12 p40 secretion in colonic stripe culture (p<0.05) and EGFP expression was observed in luteolin and/or DSS-treated mice compared to water-treated mice. Interestingly, a trend toward a worse colitis (DAI, IL-12p40) was observed in luteolin-treated mice compared to non-treated DSS-exposed mice. In addition, EGFP expression (NF-${\kappa}B$ activity) strongly increased in the luteolin-treated mice compared to control mice. Confocal microscopy showed that EGFP positive cells were primarily lamina propria immune cells. Conclusions: These results suggest that luteolin is not a therapeutic alternative for intestinal inflammatory disorders derived for primary defects in barrier function. Thus, therapeutic intervention targeting these signaling pathways should be viewed with caution.