• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.328-333
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• 2007

Carboxypeptidase E (CPE) plays an important role in the regulation of the body fat content. Therefore, it has been suggested as candidate gene for traits related to meat quality in beef cattle. This study was conducted to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the CPE gene and to investigate association of SNP marker with carcass and meat quality traits in Korean cattle. Three SNPs were identified in the intron 4 (A309G SNP and C445T SNP) and exon 5 (C601T SNP) of the CPE gene by sequence analyses of CPE cDNA and genomic DNA samples. The sequences have been deposited in GenBank database with accession numbers AY970664 and AY970663. Genotyping of the gene-specific SNP marker was carried out using the PCR-RFLP with restriction enzymes DdeI for C445T SNP and NlaIII for C601T SNP. The frequencies of C and T alleles were 0.43 and 0.57 for C445T SNP and 0.42 and 0.58 for C601T SNP, respectively. Statistical analysis indicated that the C445T SNP showed a significant effect (p<0.05) on marbling score (MS) and breeding value of backfat thickness (BF-EBV), respectively. Animals with the CT genotype showed higher marbling score and backfat thickness than those with the TT genotype. This marker also showed a significant dominance effect for the MS and BF-EBV (p<0.05). However, no significant associations were observed between C601T SNP genotypes and all traits examined. The results suggest that the CPE gene may be used as a marker for carcass traits in Korean cattle.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.79-85
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• 2001

From July to November 1999, air samples were collected from Ansung, Korea, to identify the seasonal variation in organochlorine pesticides(OCPs). OCPs maximum(mean) concentrations were as follows: heptachlor, $14.0\;pg/m^3(3.6\;pg/m^3)$; heptachlor epoxide, $28.7\;pg/m^3(11.7\;pg/m^3)$; DDE, $40.6\;pg/m^3(20.6\;pg/m^3)$; endosulfan sulfate, $98.9\;pg/m^3(36.6\;pg/m^3)$. The higher concentration of the locally and seasonally used pesticide endosulfan[1759.2 $pg/m^3(453.4\;pg/m^3)$] was found. The concentrations of all OCPs were higher in summer than those in fall. This pattern suggests that the concentrations may be increased by evaporation from surfaces(soil, water, vegetation, etc) with increasing the temperature and by much usage in growing season, particularly in summer, for endosulfan.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.1306-1315
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• 2017

DDT (1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl) ethane) is one of the organic synthetic pesticides that has many negative effects for human health and the environment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the synergistic effect of mixed cutures of white-rot fungus, Pleurotus ostreatus, and biosurfactant-producing bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis, on DDT biodegradation. Bacteria were added into the P. ostreatus culture (mycelial wet weight on average by 8.53 g) in concentrations of 1, 3, 5, and 10 ml ($1ml{\approx}1.25{\times}10^9$ bacteria cells/ml culture). DDT was degraded to approximately 19% by P. ostreatus during the 7-day incubation period. The principal result of this study was that the addition of 3 ml of P. aeruginosa into P. ostreatus culture gave the highest DDT degradation rate (approximately 86%) during the 7-day incubation period. This mixed culture combination of the fungus and bacteria also gave the best ratio of optimization of 1.91. DDD (1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl) ethane), DDE (1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl) ethylene), and DDMU (1-chloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl) ethylene) were detected as metabolic products from the DDT degradation by P. ostreatus and P. aeruginosa. The results of this study indicate that P. aeruginosa has a synergistic relationship with P. ostreatus and can be used to optimize the degradation of DDT by P. ostreatus.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.88-95
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• 2006

Analysis of molecular nature of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) could be powerful marker for anthropological studies of modern populations. While population genetic studies on mtDNA have been reported for several ethnic groups, no such study has been documented for the Korean population. We surveyed mtDNA polymorphisms in the HVS I of noncoding D-loop region and its upstream region from 430 unrelated healthy Korean population by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and direct sequencing analysis. PCR product with 2,790 bp spanning the specific mtDNA region (mt13715-16504) was subjected to RFLP analysis using 6 restriction enzyme (Hinf I, Hae III, Alu I, Dde I, Mbo I, Rsa I). On the PAUP analysis of PCR-RFLP results, 38 mtDNA haplotypes (Hap 1-38) were detected in the Korean populations, which were classified into 11 haplogroups (Grp 1-11) of related haplotypes encompassing all 38 haplotypes. In comparison of sequencing data with Anderson's reference sequence, the transition type was more prevalent than the transversion type. Insertions or deletions were not found. In addition, three of the polymorphic sites (A16240C, A16351G, G16384A) in HVS-I region are determined newly. The polymorphic sites were distributed randomly in the region, though the frequency at each site was variable. Thus, this research might be required for the genealogical study of Orientals.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.23 no.10
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• pp.1413-1431
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• 2002

For the development of immunodetection method of 4,4'-dichlorodipheny-2,2,2-trichloroethane (p,p'-DDT), a persistent and broad toxic organochlorine insecticide, various DDT derivatives were synthesized and characterized for the use of immunogens and the coating ligands for the antibody evaluation. The appropriate lengths of linkers were introduced to investigate more efficient DDT derivatives. Among these hapten derivatives, 2,2-Bis(4-chlorophenyl)acetic acid (DDA), 5,5-Bis(4-chlorophenyl)-5-hydroxypentanoic acid (DDHP) and 5,5-Bis(4-chlorophenyl)-5-chloropentanoic acid (DDCP) were conjugated with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) for the use of immunogen to produce antibodies. 6,6-Bis(4-chlorophenyl)-6-hydroxyhexanoic acid (DDHH) and 3-[6,6-Bis(4-chlorophenyl)-6-hydroxyhexanoylamino]propanoic acid (DDHHAP) in addition to above hapten derivatives were conjugated to ovualbumin (OVA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) for the use of coating ligands to measure the titration level of antibody and the displacement of free analytes. Three matching pairs of antibodies and coating ligands were selected for the simultaneous detection of p,p'-DDT and its related compounds of DDA and 2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE) by investingating the displacement of free analytes in an indirect ELISA. These were PAb #1 and coating ligand DDCP-OVA, PAb #1 and DDHHAP-OVA, and PAb #3 and DDHHAP-OVA. The most useful immunoreaction for DDT analytes were obtained using PAb #3 and coating ligand DDHHAP-OVA showing 3.4 ng/mL of lower limit of detection. These results indicated that titration level and free analytes displacement were greatly influenced by hapten derivatized and carrier proteins conjugated.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.24 no.11
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• pp.1605-1608
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• 2003

To development an immunodetection method for DDT, 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chorophenyl)ethane (p,p'-DDT) and its metabolites (p,p'-DDA, p,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDD), five derivatives of DDT haptens have been synthesised and characterized as coating ligands for antibody evaluation. The appropriate lengths of linkers were introduced to investigate a matching pair of coating ligand and antibody. Among these hapten derivatives, 2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)acetic acid (DDA), 5,5-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-5-hydroxypentanoic acid (DDHP) and 5,5-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-5-chloropentanoic acid (DDCP) were conjugated with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) for its use as an immunogen. The bovine serum albumin (BSA) conjugates of these derivatives were prepared as a coating ligand for monoclonal antibody screening. Fifteen monoclonal antibody clones were screened using these probes. 6,6-Bis(4-chlorophenyl)-6-hydroxyhexanoic acid (DDHH) and 3-[6,6-Bis(4-chlorophenyl)-6-hydroxyhexanoylamino]propanoic acid (DDHHAP), in addition to the above hapten derivatives, were conjugated to ovualbumin (OVA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) for their use as coating ligands to measure the titration level of the antibody and the displacement of free analytes. The indirect competitive ELISA results indicate that the titration level and free analyte displacement were greatly influenced by the DDT derivatives and carrier proteins used. Three matching pairs of monoclonal antibodies and coating ligands were selected for the DDT immunoassay: antibody clone 1A3 and coating ligand DDA-OVA, 1A1 and DDHHAP-BSA, and 1A4 and DDHP-OVA.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.1287-1293
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• 2007

To obtain the risk assessment of hazardous materials in Rehmanniae Radix Preparata, the residual pesticides and heavy metals in samples on the Korea and China are surveyed. Group I ($BHC-{\delta}$, $BHC-{\beta}$, Fenitrothion, Penthoate, Endosulfan-${\alpha}$, Dieldrin, Endosulfan-${\beta}$ and Endosulfan-sulfate), Group II (BHC-${\gamma}$, Aldrin, DDD, DDT-p,p Permethrin and Fenvalerate), Group III(BHC-${\alpha}$, Chlorpyrifos, Tolyfluanid, Captan and DDT-o,p) and Group IV(Quintozene, Vinclozolin, DDE and Chlorfenapyr) could analysed on gas chromatography-ECD for evaluation of residual pesticides. Qualified detection concentration on the GC-ECD are $0.45 ng/g{\sim}2.50 ng/g$. Group I, Group II, Group III and Group IV are not detected in Rehmanniae Radix Preparata on the Korea and China. Concentration of As, Cd and Pb in Rehmanniae Radix Preparata. on the Korea are 3.06%, 7.00% and 5.78% for Korea Food & Drug Administration(KFDA). Concentration of As, Cd and Pb in Rehmanniae Radix Preparata. on the China are 5.16%, 5.33% and 6.50% for Korea Food & Drug Administration(KFDA). The hazardous materials in Rehmanniae Radix Preparata on the Korea and China were verified the safety of the residual heavy metals and pesticides compare with Korea Food & Drug Administration (KFDA) advisory level.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.589-599
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• 1999

This paper presents the development and applications of the software package JIFEX, a new finite element system which can be used for structural analysis and optimum design by the modern computer hardware and software technologies such as MS Windows95/NT and Pentium PC platforms. The complete system of JIFEX is programmed with $C/C^{++}$ language to make full use of advanced facilities of MS Windows95/NT. In the system, the finite element data pre-processing, based on the most popular CAD package AutoCAD (R13, R14), has been implemented, so that the finite element modeling could be integrated with geometric modeling of CAD. The system not only has interactive graphics facility for data post-processing, but also realizes the real-time computing visualization by means of the Dynamic Data Exchange (DDE) technique. Running on the Pentium computers, JIFEX can solve large-scale finite element analysis problems such as the ones with more than 60000 nodes in the finite element model.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.43-48
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• 2012

Objectives : This study was investigated to determine the contents of pesticide residues and sulfur dioxide residues in commercial herbal medicines in Korea. Methods : Chromatographic test was performed on 100 samples consisted with 10 kinds of medicinal plants including improted and domestic products. To establish 19 pesticide residues (DDE, DDD, DDT, Dieldrin, Methoxychlor, BHC isomers, Aldrin, Endosulfan isomers, Endrin, Captan, Procymidone, Chlorpyrifos and Imidacloprid) in commercial herbal medicines, chromatographic equipments were used with the gas chromatography-mass detector and gas chromatography-electron capture detector for qualitative analysis. The imidacloprid analysis was performed by high performance liquid chromatograpgy-ultraviolet detector at 270 nm UV wavelength. The contents of sulfur dioxides were analyzed by modified Monnier-Williams method. All methods were based on notification procedure of Korea Food & Drug Administration (KFDA). Results : The residual pesticides were not founded in improted and domestic samples. Among 100 samples, the residues of sulfur dioxide in 73 samples were not detected and 25 samples showed contents in the range of 0~21.90 mg/kg. The excess samples of MRLs were 2 samples (30 mg/kg to medicinal herbs), Asiasari Radix et Rhizoma (Imported product) and the average amount of sulfur dioxide in 2 unsuitable samples were 14.83 mg/kg. These samples were found to transgress KFDA regulatory guidance of residual sulfur dioxide. Conclusion : These results are able to use as basic data to improve the reliability and value of commercial medicinal herbs.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.111-128
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• 1991

In puan area the environmental surveys were carried out at two farms of hard clam, Meretrix lusoria from April 1987 to November 1978 in order to know heather the farm environments could be rehabilitated for the cultivation of hard clam or not. The range of temperature of surface seawater was $10.7{\~}27.4^{\circ}C$, pH $7.6{\~}8.2$, salinity $22.3{\~}30.3$ ppt, COD $0.20{\~}4.71\;mg/{\ell}$, sulfide $0.04{\~}0.22\;{\mu}g-at./{\ell}$, suspended solid $34.8{\~}199.3\;mg/{\ell}$ chlorophyll a $3.71{\~}49.02\;mg/m^3$, TIN $2.01{\~}24.47\;{\mu}g-a5./{\ell}$, phosphate $0.60{\~}11.03\;{\mu}g-at./{\ell}$ and silicate $4.04{\~}476.36\;{\mu}g-at./{\ell}$. The range of temperature of substratum (bottom soil) was $14.2{\~}29.7^{\circ}C$, pH $8.3{\~}9.5$, water content of substratum was $0.28{\~}0.49\;mg/g$ dried mud, COD $2.80{\~}50.94\;mg/g$ dried mud, total organic matter $1.05{\~}1.97\%$ concentration of total Kjedhal nitrogen $31.9{\~}194.9\;{\mu}g./{\ell}$ dried mud, and sulfide $0.032{\~}0.133\;mg/g$ dried mud. Fine sand was dominant ranging over $92{\~}95\%$ and silt and clay was $2.8{\~}8.1\%$ of the composition of substratum. Some residual agricultural chemicals, ${\alpha},\;{\beta},\;{\gamma}$-BHC, heptachlor, heptachlor-epoxide, aldrin, DDE, DDT and dieldrin were detected in hard clams collected from Puan areas. Especialy, more chemical were detected during the period of rainfalls. From above results, it is considered that the hard clam frams were not yet recovered from deteriorated conditions for aquaculture.