• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.143-149
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• 2009

옥수수겨로부터 분리 정제한 하이드록시신나믹애씨드 유도체(hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives)는 p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, N,N'-dicoumaroylputrescine (DCP), N-p-coumaroyl-N'-feruloylputrescine (CFP), N,N'-diferuloylputrescine (DFP) 등으로 분석이 되었으며, 옥수수겨추출물은 이들을 각각 함유하고 있었다. 본 연구는 천연 미백 소재 개발을 위하여 옥수수겨에서 유래한 화합물인, 하이드록시신나믹애씨드유도체의 멜라닌 생성에 연관된 생리활성을 알아보았다. 하이드록시신나믹애씨드유도체들의 B16-F1 melanoma cells에서의 멜라닌 생합성 저해효과는 농도 의존적으로 저해하여 CFP, DFP 50 ${\mu}g/$ mL에서 각각 44.7 ${\pm}$ 6.0 %, 58.5 ${\pm}$ 3.1 %의 저해율을 보였다. 그리고 세포 내 tyrosinase의 활성은 각각 42.5 ${\pm}$ 14.6 %, 9.0 ${\pm}$ 4.4 %의 저해효과를 보였다. 이러한 결과를 볼 때, 옥수수겨 유래 하이드록시신나믹애씨드 유도체들은 세포 내 tyrosinase의 활성을 억제함으로써 멜라닌 생성을 감소시키는 것으로 사료되며, 미백 효능을 갖는 천연 화장품 소재로서의 개발 가능성이 클 것으로 기대된다.

• Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research
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• 제95권6호
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• pp.303-311
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• 2018

Purpose: OncoHepa test is a multigene expression profile test developed for assessment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) prognosis. Multiplication of ${\alpha}$-FP, des-${\gamma}$-carboxy prothrombin (DCP) and tumor volume (TV) gives the ${\alpha}$-FP-DCP-volume (ADV) score, which is also developed for assessment of HCC prognosis. Methods: The predictive powers of OncoHepa test and ADV score were validated in 35 patients who underwent curative hepatic resection for naïve solitary HCCs ${\leq}5cm$. Results: Median tumor diameter was 3.0 cm. Tumor recurrence and patient survival rates were 28.6% and 100% at 1 year, 48.6% and 82.9% at 3 years, and 54.3% and 71.4% at 5 years, respectively. The site of first tumor recurrence was the remnant liver in 18, lung in 1, and the peritoneum in 1. All patients with HCC recurrence received locoregional treatment. OncoHepa test showed marginal prognostic significance for tumor recurrence and patient survival. ADV score at 4log also showed marginal prognostic difference with respect to tumor recurrence and patient survival. Combination of these 2 tests resulted in greater prognostic significance for both tumor recurrence (P = 0.046) and patient survival (P = 0.048). Conclusion: Both OncoHepa test and ADV score have considerably strong prognostic power, thus individual and combined findings of OncoHepa test and ADV score will be helpful to guide postresection surveillance in patients with solitary HCCs ${\leq}5cm$.

• Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.32-36
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• 2014

We report a patient with combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma confined in the common hepatic duct and scirrhous type of hepatocellular carcinoma in the caudate lobe of liver simultaneously. The patient was a 55-yearsold Korean man with hepatitis B virus (HBV) carrier who was referred from a local hospital due to detected liver mass on abdominal computed tomography (CT). He has presented jaundice and weight loss for the previous 3 weeks. Laboratory examination showed AST/ALT elevation and hyperbilirubinemia. HBsAg was positive. The tumor marker study showed elevated AFP and DCP, not CEA and CA 19-9. Abdominal CT disclosed an about 2.1×0.9 cm sized soft tissue density in hilum with both intrahepatic duct (IHD) dilatations and an about 3×2.1 cm sized arterial enhancing lesion at segment 8 of the liver. Patient received 15 cycles of Gemcitabine/Cisplantin chemotherapy from February 27, 2013 to December 31, 2013. Caudate lobectomy of liver, segmental resection of bile duct and Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy was performed on February 10, 2014. The final pathologic report showed double primary liver cancer, combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma in common hepatic bile duct and scirrhous type of hepatocellular carcinoma in segment 1 of the liver. This is a very unusual case in which combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma confined in the large bile duct and two rare hepatic cancers coexisted.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권11호
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• pp.1529-1534
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• 2004

The nutritive value of lentil straw (Lens culinaris) relative to 4% urea treated wheat straw (w/w) was assessed in adult bucks and milking buffaloes on-station and on-farm, respectively. A digestion-cum-nitrogen balance experiment was conducted with three bucks (24.35 kg) fed ad libitum lentil straw (LS), urea treated wheat straw (UTS) and a 1:1 (w/w DM basis) mixture of LS and UTS (LS:UTS) in a 3$\times$3 Latin square design. Though daily dry matter intake (g kg $W^{0.75}$ or % LW) of bucks fed LS and UTS did not differ significantly, that of LS:UTS was significantly (p<0.05) low. Similarly, digestibility of nutrients (DM, OM and CP) and nitrogen balance (g/day) did not differ significantly for bucks given LS or UTS although a significant positive improvement was evident in these parameters for LS:UTS. The digestibility of fibre fractions (NDF and ADF) was significantly (p<0.05) lower in LS as compared to UTS or LS:UTS. Except for the significantly (p<0.05) lower intake of DCP (g kg$W^{0.75}$), the bucks fed LS had statistically similar nutrient intake as compared to UTS. Feeding of LS:UTS resulted in significantly higher nutrient (DCP, TDN) intake by bucks. The important blood-biochemical parameters (haemoglobin,packed cell volume, glucose, urea nitrogen, total protein) and activity of serum enzymes (alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase) did not differ significantly in goats irrespective of dietary treatment. In the onfarm study, eighteen multiparous milking buffaloes were randomly assigned into three equal groups to assess the relative effect of feeding untreated wheat straw (WS), UTS and LS:UTS ad libitum as basal feed with a supplement. The study continued for 3 months and revealed that daily dry matter intake and average milk production (liters/day) by buffaloes offered LS:UTS and UTS was statistically similar but it was significantly higher compare to WS. However, milk composition did not differ significantly among the dietary treatments. It may be concluded that the nutritive value of lentil straw appeared to be no different to UTS, however, a positive synergistic effect was evident by feeding a mixture of LS and UTS on performance of goats and lactating buffaloes.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권12호
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• pp.1754-1759
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• 2002

A study was carried out to investigate the nutritive value and utilization of hybrid sorghum and perennial grass species viz. setaria (Setaria anceps) and hybrid napier when intercropped with soybean by growing Jersey crossbred heifers. Fifteen growing crossbred heifers (Jersey${\times}$Red Sindhi) of between 7-10 months age and pre-trial average body weight of 49-50 kg were divided on the basis of weight in to three treatment groups viz. $T_1$-hybrid sorghum+soybean, $T_2$-setaria+soybean and $T_3$-hybrid napier+soybean in a completely randomized block design. Intercropped forages were harvested fresh, chaffed and mixed before they were offered to the heifers. Chemical composition of the herbage, dry matter intake (DMI), body weight gain and nutrient digestibility co-efficients were estimated. The herbage mixtures had crude protein (CP) content in the range of 11.87 to 13.86% and ether extract (EE) contents were 2.91 to 3.11%, respectively. The herbage mixtures were rich in minerals (ash). The gross energy (kcal/g DM) was higher in hybrid napier+soybean, while hybrid sorghum+soybean and setaria+soybean herbage mixtures had lower value for gross energy. The hybrid sorghum+soybean and setaria+soybean herbage mixtures had higher contents of NDF, ADF, cellulose, lignin and silica as compared to that of hybrid napier+soybean herbage mixture. The heifers fed hybrid napier+soybean herbage mixture had significantly (p<0.05) higher $DMI\;g/kg\;W^{0.75}$ ($97.41{\pm}4.34$) as compared to hybrid sorghum+soybean ($88.31{\pm}2.66$) and setaria+soybean ($79.29{\pm}1.06$) herbage mixtures. Nutrients digestibility, DCP percent, DCP intake and nitrogen balance were significantly (p<0.05) higher in the heifers fed on hybrid napier+soybean herbage mixture. There was a significant (p<0.05) difference among different herbage mixtures in TDN. The heifers on setaria+soybean herbage mixture had lower average body weight gain (g/day) than those on hybrid sorghum+soybean and hybrid napier+soybean herbage mixtures. Data obtained in this experiment demonstrated that herbage mixture of hybrid napier+soybean was better than hybrid sorghum+soybean and setaria+soybean herbage mixtures in the nutrition of growing heifers. It had highest nutritive value, better digestibility co-efficients which showed better growth rate and higher feed efficiency. In ranking, hybrid napier+soybean herbage mixture was better followed by hybrid sorghum+soybean and setaria+soybean in nutritive value in the parameters studied. For future wasteland development program in humid-sub tropics of Himachal Pradesh hybrid napier and its intercropping with soybean is recommended for general adoption because of its better adaptability and higher nutritive value.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제19권9호
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• pp.39.1-39.9
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• 2016

Magnesium hydrogen phosphate (MHP, $MgHPO_4$) recovered from swine manure was prepared as an alternative phosphorus (P) source. Conventional P additives, monocalcium phosphate (MCP), dicalcium phosphate (DCP), and tricalcium phosphate (TCP) were compared with the MHP in terms of growth and P availability by juvenile carp Cyprinus carpio. A basal diet as a negative control was prepared using practical feed ingredients without P supplementation to which four supplemental P sources were added at the level of 2%. Five groups of 450 fish having mean body weight of 6.5 g following 24 h fasting after 2 weeks of adaptation period were randomly distributed into each of 15 tanks (30 fish/tank). Fish were hand-fed to apparent satiety twice a day for 9 weeks. Fish fed the MHP had weight gain (WG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), and specific growth rate (SGR) comparable to those fed the MCP. Those values of both the MHP and MCP groups were significantly different (p < 0.05) from the other groups. Fish groups fed control and the TCP showed the lowest WG, PER, and SGR and the highest FCR among treatments. No fish were died among treatments during the experimental period. Fish fed control and the TCP showed hematocrit and hemoglobin significantly lower (p < 0.05) than fish fed the MHP. The lowest inorganic P (Pi) in plasma was found in the control group. Even though Pi was not significantly different (p > 0.05) from other phosphate groups, fish fed the MCP and MHP retained higher P in whole body than the other groups. P availability was determined to be 93.2, 62.4, 6.1, and 98.0% for MCP, DCP, TCP, and MHP, respectively. The present results suggested that the MHP recovered from wastewater stream could be used as an alternative P source in carp diet.

• 한국프랜차이즈경영연구
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.1-19
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• 2012

기존 자영업자와의 골목상권 분쟁 그리고 가맹본부와 가맹점간의 갈등과 분쟁에서 해결할 수 있는 방안으로 상생협업인 협동조합을 제시하고자 하며, 프랜차이즈 산업이 발달된 미국의 던킨 도너츠의 구매형 협동조합을 분석하고 던킨 도너츠와 가맹점간의 협력적 전략 등이 우리나라 프랜차이즈산업에 도움을 줄 수 있는 시사점을 찾아보고자 한다. 본 연구는 1955년 미국의 초기의 프랜차이즈 협동조합부터 1970년대 말까지 ARCOP, KFC, 던킨 도너츠 협동조합의 기본 원칙과 실행지침을 통해 새로운 한국형 프랜차이즈 협동조합의 모델의 발굴이라 할 수 있다. 또한 던킨 도너츠를 통하여 종합유통프로그램(TDP), 단기선물프로그램(SFP), 그리고 유통실행프로그램(DCP)의 구매형 협동조합의 성공프로그램을 살펴본다. 프랜차이즈 가맹점들의 수익성 개선을 위해서는 공동구매 협동조합을 운영하는 미국의 던킨 도너츠 사례를 통해 첫째, 가맹본부와 가맹점간의 힘(Power)관계가 아닌 협력적인 관계가 필요. 둘째, 가맹점의 상호연대의 힘. 셋째, 한국 프랜차이즈 시스템의 문제. 넷째, 빨리 가는 것 보다 함께 가는 기업가 정신이 필요. 다섯째, 철저한 만족경영이다. 30여년 안 되는 짧은 프랜차이즈의 역사 따른 양적 팽창과 프랜차이즈 수익모델 등 두 나라의 시스템 환경이 다른 상황에서 서로간의 상생적 동반자인 협동조합을 통한 성공사례 모델로 일반화에는 한계가 있다. 향후 협동조합 성공을 심도 있는 분석을 통해 국내 프랜차이즈산업의 지속가능한 경영을 기대해 본다.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제24권12호
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• pp.5-11
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• 2023

도로나 태양광 발전시설의 인위적으로 조성된 지반이 집중호우와 같은 강우에 의해서 약화되면서 발생되는 산사태, 토석류 등에 의해 경제적 피해가 발생하고 있다. 인위적으로 조성된 지반의 안정성을 파악하기 위해서 지층의 구성상태, 역학적 특성등의 지반정보 확인이 매우 중요하다. 하지만 조사부지가 대부분 급경사로 이루어지거나 진입로가 대부분 없기 때문에 지반정보를 확인하기 위해 일반적으로 사용되고 있는 시추장비와 표준관입시험의 수행이 쉽지 않다. 본 연구에서는 소형화한 오거시추 장비와 자동낙하장치를 적용한 동적콘관입시험(Dinamic Cone Penetrometer, DCP) 장비를 개발하여 산지태양광 부지에서의 적용성을 확인하기 위하여 콘저항값 및 동적콘관입시험값과 표준관입시험값의 상관관계를 분석하였다. 그 결과 콘저항값은 q_c = 0.46 N, 동적콘관입시험값(N_d)는 N_d = 1.58 N으로 기존연구자들의 결과와 유사한 값을 확인하여 그 신뢰성을 확보하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.88-97
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• 2006

Wood flour (WF)-recycled polypropylene (RPP) composites composed of 50% WF of Eucalyptus deglupta Blume species, 50% RPP, various contents of maleic anhydride (MAH) modifier (0; 1; 2; 5; 5; 7.5; and lo%), and 15% dicumyl peroxide (DCP) initiator (based on MAH weight) were subjected to weather for 1 year and subterranean termite (Coptotermes cuwignathus HOLMGREN) and dry wood termite (Cryptotermes cynocephalus LIGHT) for 3 and 4 weeks, respectively. WF-RPP composites with 2.5% MA modifier had tensile strength, breaking elongation and Young's modulus about 2.2, 2.3, and 1.2 times, respectively higher compared to MAH-free composites. The WF-RPP composites with or without MAH modifier had 5.5 times higher resistance to weather compared to RPP film alone. The color of the WF-RPP composites with or without MAH modifier became lighter after exposures to the weather. The WF-RPP composites with or without MAH modifier are resistant to subterranean termite Coptotermes curvignathus HOLMGREN and dry wood termite Cryptotermecs cynocephalus LIGHT under the experimental condition adopted.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.483-486
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• 2000

The influence of feed allowance on intake and nutrient utilization by Barbari goats given green maize (Zea mays) and potential feeding value of left-overs were studied. The goats were offered food at 3 levels to give left-overs of about 20% (T-1), 35% (T-2) and 50% (T-3) DM of offered amount. A marked effect of refusal rate on intake and digestibility of nutrients was found. The DMI, g/kg $W^{0.75}$ increased from 39.86 in T-1 to 50.91 and 66.55 g in groups T-2 and T-3, respectively. Allowing selective consumption at higher levels (T-2 and T-3), the intake of TDN and DCP from green maize was found not only to meet the maintenance requirement but provided surplus energy and protein for substantial production. The variability in diet selectivity between goats under different treatments was pronounced. As the level of food excess increased to T-3, the left overs had a higher IVDMD and crude protein and decreased cell wall constituents (p<0.05). Considering the substantial increase in intake and digestibility from feeding green maize at high allowances to goats, further studies are needed to develop practical feeding strategies.