• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics B
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• v.33B no.2
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• pp.159-167
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• 1996

In this paper, a new competitive learning algorithm called dynamic competitive learning (DCL) is presented. DCL is a supervised learning mehtod that dynamically generates output neuraons and nitializes weight vectors from training patterns. It introduces a new parameter called LOG (limit of garde) to decide whether or not an output neuron is created. In other words, if there exist some neurons in the province of LOG that classify the input vector correctly, then DCL adjusts the weight vector for the neuraon which has the minimum grade. Otherwise, it produces a new output neuron using the given input vector. It is largely learning is not limited only to the winner and the output neurons are dynamically generated int he trining process. In addition, the proposed algorithm has a small number of parameters. Which are easy to be determined and applied to the real problems. Experimental results for patterns recognition of remote sensing data and handwritten numeral data indicate the superiority of dCL in comparison to the conventional competitive learning methods.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1999.11b
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• pp.248-250
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• 1999

본 논문에서 제안된 조류계산 알고리즘은 Jacobian의 off-diagonal 부 행렬을 완전히 무시하는 Decoupled Load Flow(DCL) 알고리즘들의 유연한 대안으로 반복(iteration)당 최소한의 추가 계산 부담으로 Jacobian의 off-diagonal 부분의 효과를 부분적으로 반영함에 의해 수렴 특성을 향상시킬 수 있다. 제안된 방법들은 특히 Fast Decoupled Load Flow(FDL)로 대표되는 DCL들의 수렴특성이 불안정해질 경우, 효과적으로 수렴특성을 향상시킬 수 있다. 제안된 알고리즘들은 Newton-Raphson Load Flow(NRL) 방법에서 Jacobian의 off-diagonal 부분의 효과를 점진적으로 제거하는 방법으로 유도하였고, 간략화 과정에서는 Neuman series expansion을 사용하였다. 실험결과 제안된 알고리즘들은 반복횟수와 전반적인 수렴 속도에서 확실한 성능향상을 보여주었다. 제안된 알고리즘들은 특히 DCL의 수렴성능이 문제가 있을 시 full NRL 대신에 적용할 수 있는 가능성이 있어 조류계산 시간을 단축해 줄 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
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• 1993.06a
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• pp.972-974
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• 1993

This paper presents a new method to automatically design fuzzy logic controller(FLC). The main problems of designing FLC are how to optimally and automatically select the control rules and the parameters of membership function (MF). Cell state space algorithms (CSS), differential competitive learning (DCL) and multialyer neural network are combined in this paper to solve the problems. When the dynamical model of a control process is known. CSS can be used to generate a group of optimal input output pairs(X, Y) used by a controller. The(X, Y) then can be used to determine the FLC rules by DCL and to determine the optimal parameters of MF by DCL and to determine the optimal parameters of MF by multilayer neural network trained by BP algorithm.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.86-91
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• 2001

The anticarcinogenic effects of various food components on human cancer cells have received much attention in recent years. The precise effect and mechanisms of anticarcinogens in food materials on cancer cells have rarely been investigated. This study was carried out to determine the effects of Daucus carota L. leaf (DCL) extracts on cytotoxic and chemopreventive effect on human cancer cells. The experiment was conducted to determine cytotoxicity of Daucus carota L. leaf extracts on HepG2, Hela and MCF-7 cells by MTT assay. Among various partition layers of Daucus carota L. leaf, the ethylacetate partition layer (DCLMEA) at 500 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL was shown to be most effective on MCF-7 cell lines. The four partition layers which are DCLM, DCLMH, DCLMB and DCLMH were less effecitve in inducing cytotoxicity than DCLMEA was. We also determined the induction of intracellular quinone reductase (QR) activity by adding DCL extracts on HepG2 cells. Among various partition layers of DCL extracts, DCLMH and DCLM were tested to be most effective with results such as 4.9 and 4.73 with a control value of 1.0.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.77-85
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• 2022

Retinaldehyde (RA), vitamin A derivative, is an intermediate between retinol and retinoic acid and has an excellent wrinkle improving effect. In this study, Drug-in-cyclodextrin-in-liposome (DCL) was used to enhance the stability and skin penetration of RA. The complex of RA and hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) was prepared by the freeze-drying method, and the presence or absence of inclusion of retinal was confirmed by UV-Vis spectrometer, FT-IR and SEM images. RA was captured in HP-β-CD about 95.6% on 1 : 15 (w/w). The retinal-HP-β-CD complex was encapsulated in liposomes using a homomixer and microfluidizer, with an average particle size of 215 ± 4.2 nm and a zeta potential of -31.2 ± 0.5 mv. In the evaluation of the degradation stability of RA, degradation rate of RA-HP-β-CD-liposomes in water was 1.8% higher than RA-liposome (5.8%), RA-HP-β-CD complex (9.7%) and RA alone (37.6%). RA cream (0.05% RA) including RA-HP-β-CD-liposomes was prepared for clinical test with wrinkle-improving efficacy and skin dermis denseness evaluated for 2 or 4 weeks. RA cream showed a significant wrinkle improving effect without skin irritation. In conclusion, it was confirmed that the double stabilization technology using the DCL system contribu tes to the effect of improving skin wrinkles by increasing the stabilization of retinal.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.60-66
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• 2005

Design of drawing dies was used In real industrial environments. It was designed by CAD software in many small & medium companies, but many products require various types, and sizes. There(ore many companies are required to reduce process time and design mistakes. In this paper, it was developed the automatic program in order to learn and use easily for design of the drawing dies. It was composed with Visual LISP/DCL language in a commercial CAD package, AutoCAD, and CUI in design system. The system is based in the knowledge base system which is involved a lot of expert's know-how. We have built database of design type and detail sizes. The automatic design system requires basic product type and sizes, and then the system accesses to the database and finds out sizes by comparing with input parameters, after then finally generates drawing dies file.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.248-257
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• 2008

Coal liquefaction technology was established in Germany in 1920s. Coal liquefaction refers to the process in which coal is converted into liquid fuels such as gasoline and diesel oil under certain conditions. Coal liquefaction is usually classified into direct coal liquefaction (DCL) and indirect coal liquefaction (ICL). Various technologies for coal liquefaction, conducted between 1970s and 2000s, resulted in the development and optimization of a communication ready technology for the production of petroleum substitutes as refinery feedstocks. The purpose of this paper is to review the research, development and demonstration of coal liquefaction. In these respects, various DCL and ICL processes under development were illustrated and compared. Also, the status and perspective of coal liquefaction projects in the world were viewed. Considering the scale, and technical difficulties of domestic coal liquefaction, the project has be leaded by the government.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.315-321
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• 2015

Rare-earth zirconates, such as $La_2Zr_2O_7$ and $Gd_2Zr_2O_7$, have been investigated as one of the candidates for replacing conventional yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) for thermal barrier coating (TBC) applications at higher turbine inlet temperatures. In this study, double-ceramic-layer (DCL) TBCs of YSZ 1st layer and $La_2Zr_2O_7$ top coat layer are fabricated by suspension plasma spray with serial liquid feeders. Microstructures, hardness profiles, and thermal durability of DCL-TBCs are also characterized. Fabricated DCL-TBCs of YSZ/$La_2Zr_2O_7$ exhibit excellent properties, such as adhesion strength (>25 MPa) and electrical thermal fatigue (~1429 cycles), which are comparable with TBCs fabricated by atmospheric plasma spray.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.741-746
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• 2004

This study investigated the response of GLUT-4 and GRP-78 protein expression in soleus muscle of Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats with caffeine oral administration by imposing different exercise intensities. Rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (n=6 in each group): diabetic group (D), diabetic-caffeine group (DC), diabetic-caffeine group with low intensity exercise (DCL), diabetic-caffeine group with moderate intensity exercise (DCM) and diabetic-caffeine group with high intensity exercise (DCH). The rats in DCL, DCM and DCH groups were exercised acutely by treadmill running for 8 meter/m, 16 meter/m and 25 meter/m, respectively. Little difference in GLUT-4 protein expression was shown in DC and DCL compared to D. GLUT-4 protein expression was decreased in DCM and increased in DCH was observed. GRP-78 protein expressions in DCL, DCM and DCH were little lower than that of D. An increase in GRP-78 protein was observed in DC. Improved insulin sensitivity with acute high intensity exercise gives the rats important therapy that lowers insulin requirement. This improvement of insulin sensitivity for glucose transport in skeletal muscle results from translocation of the GLUT-4 protein from the endoplasmic reticilum to the cell surface and increase in total quantity of GLUT-4 protein. It is not clear what mechanism reduced GRP-78 protein level in exercise group. It is merely conjectured that caffeine-induced lipolysis provided cells with energy in abundance and this relieved stress which cells are subjected to receive when performing exercise.

• BMB Reports
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.670-677
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• 2007

Although polysaccharide is believed to play an important role in the medicinal effect of Dendrobium chrysotoxum Lindl (DCL), its role as an antioxidant and in anti-hyperglycemic induction was not reported. In this study, polysaccharide with molecular weight of approximately 150 kDa, herein named DCLP, was isolated from the stem of DCL, and its antioxidative, hypoglycemic and immune stimulating effects were evaluated using various in vitro and in vivo assay systems. DCLP inhibited hydroxyl radicals ($^{\cdot}$OH)-mediated deoxyribose degradation by scavenging hydroxyl radicals directly as well as by chelating iron ions. DCLP also showed dose-dependent scavenging activity on superoxide anions ($O_2^{{\cdot}-}$) and offered significant protection (p < 0.001) against glucose oxidase-mediated cytotoxicity in Jurkat cells. DCLP had immune stimulating effects, as evidenced by the DCLP-mediated increases in the level of DNA synthesis, viability, and cytokine secretion in mouse lymphocytes. Moreover, oral administration of DCLP produced a significant reduction in blood glucose level in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. These findings suggest that DCLP has a potential utility in treating patients who require enhanced antioxidation, immune function and/or hypoglycemic activity.