• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.283-296
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• 1997

To investigate the plant community structure in valley and suggest the management of Mational Park, fifty plots were set up and surveyed in Jujeongol Valley, Soraksan National Park. The classification by TWINSPAN and DCA ordination technique were applied to the study area in order to classify them into several groups based on woody plants. The dividing groups were Quercus mpnngolica - Q. variabilis - Pinus densiflora community, P. densiflora community, Carpinus laxiflora community, Q. serrata community. The ecological trends of tree species by DCA ordination technique and DBH class distribution analysis was like that Q. mongolica - Q. variabilis - P. densiflora community and P. densiflora community seems to be trended from P. densiflora community to Q. mongolica community. Q. serrata community seems to be trended from Q. serrata community to C. laxiflora community and C. laxiflora will be maintaimed stable state.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.172-180
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• 1994

The forest of Choksangsansong area was studied to investigate vegetational structure with twenty-five plots(20m$\times$25m). Relative importance values, DBH class distribution, species, diversity indices, DCA ordination and TWINSPAN classification were used for vegetational structure analysis. Quercus mongolica, Carpinus cordata, Quercus serrata and Cornus controversa were appeared to be dominant species in each plot and dominant species in the Choksangsansong area was Quercus mongolica. The forest of Choksangsansong area was classified into four groups and showed seral stage from Quercus mongolica to Carpinus cordata. Vegetational succession in the Choksangsansong area shall be accelerated to moist and shade tolerant species due to cool and humid climatic condition by upper dam construction of the Mujuyangspalchonso (pumping up power station).

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.58-68
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• 2004

In this study, the stand structure of the Korean White Pine stand is analysed by the changing growth situation and the growth model for DBH, Height, and Volume per ha, which is estimated with the data collected for Korean White Pine stand in the Research Forests of Kangwon National University. The results were summarized as follows The estimated equations were (1) Y=20.687Ln(X)-50.431 for DBH, (2) Y=12.951Ln(X)-31.225 for Height, (3) Y=171.06Ln(X)-462.16 for Volume per ha. The mean volumes per ha according to the age classes using the estimated equations were $27.45m^3$ $91.05m^3$, $147.71m^3$, $190.03m^3$, $223.84m^3$, $252.01m^3$ and $276.15m^3$ for the age class II, III, IV, V, VI, VII and VIII, respectively. And also, the relationship between mean annual increment(MAI) and periodic average increment(PAI) was analysed.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.91-112
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• 2020

In Ethiopia, dry land vegetation including the fairly intact lowland and western escarpment woodlands occupy the largest vegetation resource of the country. These forests play a central role in environmental regulation and socio-economic assets, yet they received less scientific attention than the moist forests. This study evaluated the woody plant species composition, population structure and carbon sequestration potential of the A. senegal woodland across three distance gradients from the settlements. A total of 45 sample quadrants were laid along a systematically established nine parallel transect lines to collect vegetation and soil data across distance gradients from settlement. Mature tree dry biomass with DBH>2.5 cm was estimated using allometric equations. A total of 41 woody plant species that belong to 20 families were recorded and A. senegal was the dominant species with 56.4 IVI value. Woody plant species diversity, density and richness were significantly higher in the distant plots compared to the nearest plots to settlement (p<0.05). The cumulative DBH class distribution of all individuals had showed an interrupted inverted J-shape population pattern. There were 19 species without seedlings, 15 species without saplings and 14 species without both seedlings and saplings. A significant above ground carbon (5.3 to 12.7 ton ha^-1), root carbon (1.6 to 3.6 ton ha^-1), soil organic carbon (35.6 to 44.5 ton ha^-1), total carbon stock (42.5 to 60.7 ton ha^-1) and total carbon dioxide equivalent (157.7 to 222.8 ton ha^-1) was observed consistently with an increasing of distance from settlement (p<0.05). Distance from settlement had significant and positive correlation with species diversity and carbon stock at 0.64^⁎⁎ and 0.78^⁎⁎. Disturbance intensity may directly influence the variation of species composition, richness and density along the A. senegal woodland. The sustainability of the A. senegal woodland needs urgent protection, conservation and restoration.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.223-236
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• 2003

The vegetation in this study area was divided into 10 plant communities: Pinus thunbergii, P. densiflora, Quercus acutissima, Q. mongolica, Q. serratea, Q. variabilis, Q. aliena, Q. dentata, Carpinus coreana, Betula davurica and 3 afforestations; Pinus rigida, Robinia pseudo-acacia, Castanea crenata. The dominant species in each stratum as determined by R-NCD appeared to be Q. acutissima, P. densiflora, Platycarya strobilacea, Sorbus alnifolia and Q. aliena in the tree-2 layer, Rhododendron mucronulatum, P. strobilacea, Q. serrata, Q. aliena and Q. acutissima in the shrub layer, and Carex lanceolata, C. humilis, R. mucronulatum, Mischanthus sinensis var. purpurascens and Oplismenus undulatifolius in the herb layer. The distribution of diameter at breast height(DBH) showed the highest percentage (56%) in the range of 2∼10㎝ in the study area and it was investigated as being in the restoration phase after disturbance. The average of the age of trees was under 40-years-od. The pH of soil collected at each site appeared to be within the range between 4.53 and 5.10(the average of 4.73) in each community, organic matters appeared higher than the value in Q. mongolica, P. rigida, C. crenata communities compared to P. thunbergii, P. densiflora communities. And soil organic matters and total nitrogen were highly correlated with their contents.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.49-67
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• 2020

This study was conducted to compare and analyze forest vegetation distributed in Geumosanseong-inside in Geumosan Provincial Park from 2017.10 to 2019.6. The vegetation structure was classified by the phytosociological method and TWINSPAN and the correlation between the community structure and the environmental factors was analyzed using DCCA ordination analydsis. The vegetation structures are Quercus mongolica, Fraxinus mandshurica, Q. acutissima, Larix leptolepis, Prunus padus and Morus alba community by the phytosociological method and 16 communities under TWINSPAN. The importance value of Q. mongolica(64.5) was the highest, and followed by F. mandshurica, L. leptolepis, Acer pseudosieboldianum, M. alba, P. padus, Q. acutissima, Sorbus alnifolia, P. serrulata var. pubescens, F. sieboldiana, Rhododendron schlippenbachii and Castanea crenata which is consistent with species having the dominance status by analysis of the vegetation structure. As the results of DBH analysis for taxon with high importance values, Q. mongolica and M. alba represented normal distribution, and thus, the dominance status of these species is likely to continue. L. leptolepis will maintain the dominance status due to high density of large individuals as compared with species above medium size. However, it will decrease because of high mortality after increase in age class. F. mandshurica and P. padus continue to show dominance status due to high density of young individuals as compared with species above medium size. Q. acutissima have high density of individuals above intermediate size and low density of young individuals, and thus, will maintain the dominance status. A. pseudosieboldianum, F. sieboldiana and R.schlippenbachii which are arborescent will present continuously high dominance status because of high density of young individuals. Soil analysis shows that whereas pH, Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ in the research area were lower than the average values of overall forest soil and O.M, T-N, C.E.C and P₂O₅ were higher. We expected that these results were due to agricultures until 50 years ago in Geumosanseong-inside. As a result of DCCA ordination analysis using eleven environmental factors and communities classified by the phytosociological method analysis showed that Q. mongolica was distributed in the environment with higher elevation and O.M and steep slope, and lower P₂O₅, Mg²⁺ and Ca²⁺. In contrast to F. mandshurica, Q. acutissima was distributed in higher K⁺ and lower pH. L. leptolepsis was distributed in various environment.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.30-39
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• 2010

We researched community structure, species composition, and habitat environment of Dendropanax morbifera populations distributed in Goheung, Haenam, Wando (I.), and Bogildo (I.) at south coast of the Korean Peninsula. Our research was also estimated possible area for growth of Dendropanax morbifera by analyzing meteorological factors of the habitat thereof. Dendropanax morbifera community divided into Castanopsis cuspidata var. sieboldii group and Carpinus laxiflora group by difference of species composition. Broad-leaved evergreens showed high dominance value in view of rNCD in Dendropanax morbifera community as follows: Camellia japonica (100.0), Quercus acuta (88.6), Castanopsis cuspidata var. sieboldii (55.8), Dendropanax morbifera Lev. (41.4), Trachelospermum asiaticum var. intermedium (23.8), Eurya japonica (19.9) and Ligustrum japonicum (11.5). In the population distribution, 94.2% of Carpinus laxiflora group consisted of sapling and small size class that are less than 5 cm in DBH while 54.2% of Castanopsis cuspidata var. sieboldii group did. The soil environment of habitat showed low soil acidity, good organic matter and water content, and good drainage. The distribution area of Dendropanax morifera habitat had $13^{\circ}C$ or more in annual mean temperature, $7.4^{\circ}C$ or more in daily minimum temperature, $100^{\circ}C$ month or more in warmth index, and approximately 1,344 mm in mean annual precipitation. Dendropanax morifera habitat corresponded to evergreen broad-leaved forest zone located in islands and coast in the southwest region of the Korean Peninsula. The northern limit line of Dendropanax morifera community was determined as Gunsan-Jeongeup-Gwangju-Jinju-Pohang-Youngdeok line based on $13^{\circ}C$ in annual mean temperature that was confirmed in natural habitat of Dendropanax morifera community.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.89 no.3
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• pp.414-421
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• 2000

This study was carried out for the artificial forest stand of 23 years old jack pine(Pinus banksiana Lamb.) in Soheul-myun, Pochun-kun, Kyunggi province of Korea. The objectives of this study were to investigate the stand volume increment and the rate of stand volume, and were to investigate present stand volume to determine annual cutting volume for keeping stand volume to an ideal level for investigated jack pine stand. For a reasonable calculation of stand volume increment, diameter of breast height(DBH), tree height, bark width, and core length for the last 10 years for respective sampling plots were measured. By using these measurements annual diameter increment in DBH class, stand volume increment of 95% confidence interval and tree height curve equation were calculated. The tree height value was derived from the tree height curve equation. Calculation of tree volume by using the tree volume table was made by conferring the tree height value. The summarized results for investigated jack pine trees were having 7.7% annual stand volume increment with 6.1% estimated error. The total stand volume per ha was $79.58m^3$, accordingly the annual stand volume increment was $6.13m^3$ per ha, and the 95% confidence intervals range from 5.77 to $6.51m^3$.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.550-560
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• 2012

The aim of this study is to research spatial diffusion, a condition for spread of Ailanthus altissima, and conduct flora analysis to provide useful information for management of it. Three research spots where the community dominance value was found to be high and habitat was homogeneous according to a 2010 in-depth species study were selected, and census was conducted using a line-transect method. The diffusion area included 1,435 $m^2$ in Yangpyeong, 1,118 $m^2$ in Gimcheon and 760 $m^2$ in Sancheong, in order of increasing size, and a total of 510 trees were found to be randomly diffused in space. An average of 83.2% of Ailanthus altissima were found to be included in DBH classes I (1.0-3.4 cm) and II (3.5-6.4 cm), showing that young trees were dominant in Ailanthus altissima communities and there was an age diffusion pattern according to degree of disturbance in habitats. A total of 41 families 75 genera and 91 species of flora made up the list, and Therophytes were most widely found in all of the three areas. This shows that habitats in these areas have recently been disturbed. It was evaluated that elimination of roadside population and mountainous area population was necessary to prevent diffusion of Ailanthus altissima.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.413-421
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• 2022

This study was conducted to identify the vegetation structure of the Abies nephrolepis forests by analyzing species composition in Mt. Doota and Mt. Cheongok in the Gangwon region with the phytosociological method. In order to perform a field investigation, 18 survey areas with an area of about 400 m2 were set up for the stands where A. nephrolepis grow wild. Communities were classified through TWINSPAN and visualized using DCA (Detrended Correspondence Analysis). Species diversity analysis, importance value analysis, and DBH class analysis were employed to identify the characteristics of each community. As a result, the A. nephrolepis forests in Mt. Doota and Mt. Cheongok have been classified into 4 communities; GroupI, II, III and IV. GroupIis Quercus mongolica-A. nephrolepis competitive forest dominated by Q. mongolica and A. nephrolepis in the order. Group II is A. nephrolepis-Betula ermanii competitive forest dominated by A. nephrolepis, Sorbus commixta, and B. ermanii in the order. Group III is dominated by A. nephrolepis, but is expected to have competition between A. nephrolepis and Q. mongolica in the future due to the mass occurrence of Q. mongolica saplings. A. nephrolepis, S. commixta, and Q. mongolica are the dominant species in Group IV, and A. nephrolepis is the major dominant species in all layers. The species diversity of the A. nephrolepis forests in Mt. Doota and Mt. Cheongok is lower than other A. nephrolepis forests in Mt. Seorak, Maruguem, and Mt. Odae. It is necessary to establish conservation measures and to continuously monitor the A. nephrolepis forests in Mt. Doota and Mt. Cheongokis due to the harsh environment and the competition that may occur between A. nephrolepis and deciduous trees such as Q. mongolica in the future.