• 농촌지도와개발
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.37-45
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• 1994

This study was conducted to investigate the organizational climate of the agricultural extension education agencies and its influence on their educators` attitude toward job in Korea. The specific objectives of the study were 1) to identify the educators` perception of the organizational climate in the agricultural extension education agencies, and 2) to determine whether or not the educators` perception of the organizational climate influnce on their attitude toward job. Organizational climate has bees defined by many scholars as the properties of the social psychological environment perceived by organization members. There are various theoretical interpretations offered by die scholas about the effect of organizational climate upon organization members` behavior. Through a series of the theoretical reviews, this study could draw more than twenty variables in four types of organizational climate which might be perceived by the educators of agricultural extension education agencies and might influence upon their attitude toward job. The data were collected mainly through questionnaires sent to the responsible officers for administering the questionnaires for all adult educators of 30 agricultural extension education agencies randomly sampled from the population of 190 agencies. After data cleaning, a total of 629 responded questionnaires were analyzed for the study. The statistical methods used in the study were percentile, correlation, one way analysis of variance and multiple regression analysis. The two major findings of the study were as follows : 1. The organizational climate of agricultural extension education agencies were classified into four types : 1) democratic-autonomous, 2) cooperative-friendly, 3) achievement-oriented, and 4) bureaucratic-authoritarian. Among these of organizational climates, the cooperative-friendly one was most positively but the bureaucratic-authoritarian one was least positively perceived by the educators. 2. The educators` potion of the organizational climate and their attitude toward job were significantly correlated. The educators` perception of the organizational climate explained 41 percent of the variance of their attitude toward job in a multiple regression analysis In particular, the perception of the achievement oriented type of the organizational climates alone explained 34 percent of the variance of the favorable attitude.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.299-310
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• 2007

It will be necessary to make proper management plans to preserve the air quality in good level for the public. In order to make these plans, source information and detail emission inventories of the city and near industrial areas should be given. However, lack of the source measurements data makes us more difficult to complete the source inventory. VOC source Inventory could be utilized for the feasibility study to estimate the contribution of VOC sources presenting to the receptor such as residential area. It may give policy maker an idea how to control the air quality, and improve their social environment in the area. This study shows data that measured VOCs concentrations from the local industrial areas in Jeonju during from May 2005 to January 2006. The samples were collected from the near sources in 7 major factories in the industrial park as well as 5 general sources in near city Jeonju area to elucidate the abundances of speciated VOCs and their spacial and temporal distributions depending on source bases. Industrial sources are as follows; chemical, food, paper, wood, metal, non-metal (glass), and painting (coating) industries. The 5 general sources are sampled from tunnel, gasoline gas station, dry cleaning shop, printing (copy) shop, and road pavement working place in urban area. To understand the near source effect at receptor, samples from the 2 receptor sites (one is at center of the industrial complex and the other site is at distance residential area downwind from the center) were collected and analyzed for the comparison to source concentration. The mass contributions of the speciated VOC to total mass of VOCs measured from the different sources and ambient (2 receptors) were presented and discussed.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.80-95
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• 2019

최근 들어 센서 및 통신기술의 발달로 국내외 연구자들은 장비나 시스템의 상태정보를 수집하여 진단 및 예측 기법을 통한 유지보수를 결정하는 방법론에 대해 연구를 활발히 진행하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 연구 문헌 고찰을 통해 현시점의 차량부품 상태를 바탕으로 미래 시점까지의 차량부품 상태변화 추이를 예측하여 유지보수 의사결정을 수행하는 시스템 프레임워크를 제시하였다. 또한, 유지보수 활동에 따른 전과 후의 차량부품 상태변화 추적을 통해서 상태 진단 및 예측 데이터 조정이 가능하도록 구성하였다. 향후 본 연구 결과의 적용을 통해 대중버스를 이용하는 시민들의 안전과 차량의 상태기반 유지보수 체계 활성화에 조금이나마 기여할 수 있기를 기대한다.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.163-171
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• 2019

Recently, rural housing in urban areas has been increasing due to the improvement of income level. With the increase of the construction of the power house, the installation of the heating system using the harmonious fuel for the purpose of heating and the beauty of the room is increasing rapidly. In addition to the increasing use of firewood heating equipment, the incidence of fire is also increasing. Analysis of the National Fire Data System of the Fire Department The result of the analysis of the National Fire Data System Many parts of the fire are incinerated by the accumulation of tar due to the incompleteness of periodic cleaning inside the cylinder. The distance between the fire extinguisher and the combustible materials such as ceiling, Resulting in fire. In addition, it was found that much of the fire of the firewood heating system in the time zone occurs during the sleeping and resting time and there is not enough time for the residents to cope. This, in turn, causes serious harm to the lives and property of the users of the pyrotechnic heating system. Therefore, in this study, domestic and foreign standards and laws related to fuel oil heating facilities were analyzed and 12 cases of fire accidents were analyzed. Through the revision of the fire prevention and firefighting facilities installation and maintenance law, the installation standards of the alarm and fire extinguishing facilities were presented.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.92-104
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• 2022

The nail service field, which has emerged as a new trend in the beauty industry, is showing rapid growth compared to other beauty fields. As nail beauty services become more common and popular, studies on related fields are also actively progressing, but most of the research has been focused on changes on self-esteem. In addition, most of the preceding studies are centered on female customers, thus, there is little data on male customers that are increasing recently. This research aims to provide customized marketing data to the nail beauty service industry by analyzing the psychological characteristics of the customers and their motives by selecting self-esteem and confidence as factors. First, the customers' confidence and self-esteem were classified into a group with high and low confidence and self-esteem, and as a result of analyzing the difference in service pursuit benefits and revisit intentions, there were significant differences in mood change, professionalism, health hygiene, aesthetics, and revisit. Second, as a result of analyzing the effect of the service pursuit benefits of male and female customers on the revisit intention, it was found that only health and hygiene had a significant effect on the revisit intention. Female customers also had a significant influence on their revisit intention, which is judged to have a significant effect on male customers' revisit intention because most of the main management is cuticle cleaning, callus management, and problematic nails.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.28.1-28.13
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• 2023

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effect of the application method of 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) and its influence on the adhesion of fiberglass posts cemented with a self-adhesive resin cement. Materials and Methods: Sixty human mandibular premolars were endodontically treated and divided into 5 groups (n = 12), according to the canal irrigant and its application method: 2 groups with conventional syringe irrigation (CSI)-2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) (control) and 2% CHX- and 3 groups with 2% CHX irrigation/activation-by passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), Easy Clean file, and XP-Endo Finisher file. Two roots per group were evaluated for smear layer (SL) removal by scanning electron microscopy. For other roots, fiber posts were luted using a self-adhesive resin cement. The roots were sectioned into 6 slices for push-out bond strength (BS) (7/group) and nanoleakage (NL) (3/group). Data from SL removal were submitted to Kruskal-Wallis and Student-Newman-Keuls tests (α = 0.05). Data from BS and NL were evaluated by 2-way analysis of variance and Tukey's test (α = 0.05). Results: For SL removal and BS, the CHX irrigation/activation promoted better values than CSI with CHX (p < 0.05), but it was not significantly different from CSI with NaOCl (p > 0.05). For NL, the lowest values were obtained by the chlorhexidine irrigation/activation groups (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Active 2% CHX irrigation can be used to improve the post space cleaning and adhesion before fiber post cementation with self-adhesive resin cements.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.95-111
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• 2024

The Smart Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) management system, which integrates information technology (IT) to automate and analyze big data, has been introduced into school food services. This study investigated the job performance, job satisfaction, and job stress of employees in school food services using Smart HACCP. Data were collected via questionnaires from 350 employees in school food services who utilized Smart HACCP and worked in Gyeonggi-do or Incheon. The questionnaire included general information, workplace characteristics, HACCP education status, job performance, and job satisfaction according to the use of Smart HACCP, and general job stress. The responses showed that 92.3% of the participants had received HACCP education in the workplace, and 66.6% understood the content of the education. Among the HACCP process stages, CCP2 (Food Handling and Cooking) and CCP3 (Cooking Completion and Distribution) were the stages at which all participants were using Smart HACCP. CCP3 had the highest percentage (61.4%) of participants who experienced feeling the maximum reduction in their tasks by using Smart HACCP. The Smart HACCP job performance at CCP1 (Inspection) and Smart HACCP job satisfaction were higher in workplaces with 6~10 employees, compared to those with 10≤ employees (both P<0.05). The Smart HACCP job performances at of CP1 (Refrigeration and Freezer Temperature Management) and CP2 (Cleaning and Disinfection of Food Contact Surfaces) were significantly affected by the work area. General job stress was significantly higher in cooks than in cook practitioners, higher in employees with cook certification than in those without it, and higher in employees with work experience (<1 year), compared to those with 5~10 years or 10~15 years' experience. In conclusion, employees' job performance and satisfaction with Smart HACCP need to be enhanced to improve hygiene in school food service. This requires the effective management of their job stress.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.26-32
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• 2008

목 적 : 1998년과 2005년 신체발육표준 제정사업 자료를 이용하여 2007년 소아청소년 성장곡선의 개발과정에서에 이용된 성장곡선 및 혈압분포 개발 방법론을 제시하고자 하였다. 방 법 : 성장곡선은 1998년과 2005년 자료를 이용해서 각 백분위수의 성장곡선 모형을 추정하고 LMS를 방법을 이용하여 최종 성장곡선을 생산하였다. 연령과 신장별 혈압 성장곡선은 2005년 자료를 이용하여 남녀별로 고정효과 회귀모형을 적용하여 산출하였다. 결 과 : 2007 소아청소년 성장곡선 및 혈압분포 표를 제시할 수 있었다. 결 론 : 2007년 성장곡선과 혈압분포 표는 현재 가용한 자료와 최신의 통계적 방법을 최대한 활용한 국내 최초의 결과로서 향후 지속적인 발전을 위한 논의와 연구가 필요하다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.1400-1418
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• 2020

In the development of commercial promotion, chatbot is known as one of significant skill by application of natural language processing (NLP). Conventional design methods are using bag-of-words model (BOW) alone based on Google database and other online corpus. For one thing, in the bag-of-words model, the vectors are Irrelevant to one another. Even though this method is friendly to discrete features, it is not conducive to the machine to understand continuous statements due to the loss of the connection between words in the encoded word vector. For other thing, existing methods are used to test in state-of-the-art online corpus but it is hard to apply in real applications such as telemarketing data. In this paper, we propose an improved chatbot design way using hybrid bag-of-words model and skip-gram model based on the real telemarketing data. Specifically, we first collect the real data in the telemarketing field and perform data cleaning and data classification on the constructed corpus. Second, the word representation is adopted hybrid bag-of-words model and skip-gram model. The skip-gram model maps synonyms in the vicinity of vector space. The correlation between words is expressed, so the amount of information contained in the word vector is increased, making up for the shortcomings caused by using bag-of-words model alone. Third, we use the term frequency-inverse document frequency (TF-IDF) weighting method to improve the weight of key words, then output the final word expression. At last, the answer is produced using hybrid retrieval model and generate model. The retrieval model can accurately answer questions in the field. The generate model can supplement the question of answering the open domain, in which the answer to the final reply is completed by long-short term memory (LSTM) training and prediction. Experimental results show which the hybrid word vector expression model can improve the accuracy of the response and the whole system can communicate with humans.

• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.37-51
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• 2023

도시현상의 해석을 위해 공간정보는 필수적이다. 위치정보가 부족한 도시정보를 공간정보로 변환하기 위한 공간정보화 방법론이 꾸준히 개발되어왔다. 정형화된 주소정보나 지명 등을 이용한 Geocoding이나 이미 위치정보가 있는 공간정보와의 공간결합, 참조데이터를 활용한 수작업 형태 등이 대표적이다. 그러나 아직도 행정기관에서 작성되는 수많은 문서정보들은 비정형화된 문서형태로 인해 공간정보화의 수요가 있음에도 그동안 깊이 있게 다루어지지 못하였다. 본 연구는 자연어 처리 모델인 BERT를 활용하여 도시계획과 관련된 공개문서의 공간정보화를 진행한다. 주소가 포함된 문장 요소를 문서로부터 추출하고, 이를 정형화된 데이터로 변환하는 과정을 중점적으로 다룬다. 18년 동안의 도시계획 고시공고문을 학습 데이터로 사용하여 BERT 모델을 학습시켰으며, 모델의 하이퍼파라미터를 직접 조정하여 성능을 향상시켰다. 모델 학습 후의 테스트 결과, 도시계획시설의 유형을 분류하는 모델은 96.6%, 주소 인식 모델은 98.5%, 주소 정제 모델은 93.1%의 정확도를 보였다. 결과 데이터를 GIS 상에 맵핑하였을 때, 특정 지점의 도시계획시설에 관한 변경 이력을 효과적으로 표출할 수 있었다. 본 연구로 도시계획 문서의 공간적 맥락에 대한 깊은 이해를 제공하며, 이를 통해 이해관계자들이 더욱 효과적인 의사결정을 할 수 있게 지원하기를 기대한다.