• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.132-137
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• 2003

Three cerebrosides 2, 3, and 5 and two terpene glycosides 1 and 4 have been isolated from the methanol extract of the root of Aster scaber. Their structures were determined as 3-Ο-$\beta$-D-glucuronopyranosyl-oleanolic acid methyl ester (1), (2S, 3S, 4R, 2 R, 8Z, 15 Z)-N-2 -hydroxy-15 -tetracosenoyl-1-Ο-$\beta$-D-glucopyranosyl-4-hydroxy-8-sphingenine (2), (2S, 3S, 4R, 8Z)-N-octadecanoyl-1-Ο-$\beta$-D-glucopyranosyl-4-hydroxy-8-sphingenine (3), 1$\alpha$-hydroxy-6$\beta$-Ο-$\beta$-D-glucosyl-eudesm-3-ene (4), and (2S, 3S, 4R, 2 R, 8Z)-N-2 -hydroxy-hexadecanoyl-1-Ο-$\beta$-D-glucopyranosyl-4-hydroxy-8-sphingenine (5) on the basis of spectroscopic methods.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.213-217
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• 2018

The relationship between R&D investment and subsequent change has been mostly confirmed under additional influencing factors, with the form of innovation investments. The research assumes that a firm adjusts its R&D spending in accordance to performance feedback. It is argued that an increased fluctuation of a firm's R&D expense is related to a reduced performance. This hypothesis is tested on SME in World class 300 Projet by SMBA. Using panel data models, instability measured by SD is related to performance levels measured by ROA, ROE & PM. Results support the proposed relationship between R&D expense instability and the subsequent performance. Although a causal link cannot be clearly established, the results indicate that firms with a lower performance have higher R&D investment fluctuations, possibly being more responsive to performance feedback.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.581-599
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• 2013

Purpose: This study aims to analyze general types of R&D Quality Assurance(R&D QA) and to identify key quality elements for R&D QA. R&D QA is defined as all the planned and systematic actions to verify whether R&D processes are conducted in a proper manner and the results of R&D fully satisfy customers' requirements. Methods: The existing R&D QA guidelines and the some cases were reviewed. From the review, three general types are analyzed and thirteen key quality elements are identified. Then, the survey on the eighteen domestic experts has been conducted for prioritization of the identified elements. Results: As the result of this study, three types for R&D QA based on quality elements, standard process, and final evaluation are analyzed. Related to the first type, thirteen quality elements, e.g., administrative plan, project plan, process management and so on, are identified and prioritized. Conclusion: This study contributes to develop the baseline for R&D QA including the types and the key quality elements. It may be helpful for the institute that has an interest adopting R&D QA.

• STI Policy Review
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.41-54
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• 2013

R&D is inherently an uncertain endeavor, yet now more than ever those performing R&D with public funding are called upon to clarify the utility of their research. Calls for public accountability are mounting with the increase in constraints on government budgets due to the recent worldwide economic recession, in response to which both policymakers and researchers pay much more attention to rigorously assessing publicly funded R&D. A key issue complicating R&D evaluation in these circumstances is how to adequately account for the nature and degree of risk involved in a given R&D program or project. This study deliberates on certain issues involving the measurement of ex-ante risk in public R&D evaluation: (i) information asymmetry between R&D sponsors and performers, (ii) ambiguity in the measurement of returns in both prospective and retrospective evaluation, and (iii) the dilemma between measurement error and omitted variable bias for empirical estimation of R&D performance. The study then presents an analysis of hypothetical evaluation results that apply risk-relevant weights to the annual evaluation outcomes of South Korea's national R&D programs funded during 2006~2012. In this counterfactual re-evaluation of public R&D program performance, high-risk R&D programs turn out to receive higher evaluation than non-high-risk programs. The current study suggests that R&D evaluation ignoring ex-ante risk is not only conceptually invalid since R&D activities are intrinsically uncertain endeavors, but unfair as R&D performers are asked to be accountable for the results that were in fact out of their reach.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.671-678
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• 2005

Let R be a noncommutative semi prime ring. Suppose that there exists a derivation d : R $\to$ R such that for all x $\in$ R, either [[d(x),x], d(x)] = 0 or $\langle$$\langle(x),\;x\rangle,\;d(x)\rangle$ = 0. In this case [d(x), x] is nilpotent for all x $\in$ R. We also apply the above results to a Banach algebra theory.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.257-257
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• 2023

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.259-266
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• 2021

This study is a study to systematize the R&D activities of social enterprises to derive a logical model of the R&D support policy, and aims to systematize the R&D activities based on the R&D demand survey and R&D activity analysis of social enterprises. R&D activities of social enterprises are at an early stage or are not systematic compared to general enterprises, so the process modeling method is used to group detailed activity elements to standardize and systemize them. As a result of the research, social enterprises are aware of the necessity and importance of R&D activities to secure competitiveness of products and services to increase social value, and because of their lack of R&D experience and capabilities, R&D specialized institutes (R&D planning institutes, government-funded research institutes), Universities, etc.) and are expected to improve R&D capabilities. The performance indicators of social enterprise R&D activities are derived in units of input-process-performance indicators through demand survey, activity analysis, and in-depth interview (FGI), and the logical model of R&D support policy is in the areas related to business strategy and performance.

• Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.121-158
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• 2001

Development of R&D Knowledge Management System for Science & Technology Research Institutes, which was initiated early 2001, was introduced. The project, funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology, is being carried out by several R&D institutes in cooperation With implementers. The purposes of the project are: sharing knowledge about on-going research progresses and existing research results, facilitating cooperative efforts among research staff, teams, and institutes, and improving the efficiency of research project administration. The system consists of 4 components that are highly intertwined: Knowledge Portal, Knowledge Repository, Project Administration System and Groupware. This 3-year project will benefit R&D researchers, and R&D project carrying-out institutes and government project administration organization by facilitating research and development activities, and improving management efficiency, respectively.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.255-259
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• 1985

The NMR chemical shift arising from 4d electron orbital angular momentum and 4d electron spin dipolar-nuclear Spin angular momentum interactions for a $4d^2$ system in a strong crystal field environment of octahedral symmetry has been investigated when the four fold axis is taken as the quantization axis. The NMR results are comparted with the multipolar shift at various R-values and we find that the exact results are in agreement with the multipolar shift when $R{\geqslant}0.20 nm.$ We also separate the NMR shift into the contribution of the $1/R^5$ and $1/R^7$ terms. It is found that the contribution of the $1/R^5$term to the NMR shift is dominant than the contribution of the $1/R^7$ term. Temperature dependence analysis shows that the $1/T^2$ term is the dominant contribution to the NMR shift for a $4d^2$ system but the contribution of the 1/T term may not negligible. The similar results are obtained for a $4d^1$ system from the temperature dependence analysis.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.837-839
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• 2007