• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.38-55
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was undertaken to provide the framework for development of a genetic counseling training program, and an accreditation and certification process suitable for non-M.D. genetic counselors in Korea. Materials and Methods: Global standards of genetic counseling curriculums, training program accreditation (TPA), and the certification process for genetic counselors (CPGC) in the U.S.A and Japan were reviewed, and a questionnaire survey was performed to elicit opinions among health-care providers including physicians, nurses, technicians, researchers, and educators. In addition, input from professional communities, including the Korean Society of Medical Genetics (KSMG) and Institute for Genetic Testing Evaluation, was sought in formulating the framework of this study. Results: Comparison of U.S.A. and Japan educational systems showed similarities in curriculum, accreditation, and certification programs. Analysis of 117 respondents opinions showed a high level of agreement in the area of global standards; 88% indicated that KSMG should be in charge of TPA and CPGC, while 77% favored a certification exam composed of both written exam and interview components. Conclusion: Based upon this study we propose that the KSMG should be in charge of providing the TPA and CPGC for non-MD genetic counselors. Requirements for the entrance to a Master's degree genetic counseling program should be open to successful four year undergraduate students in all areas, provided the candidates demonstrate the abilities to master the graduate level of study in human genetics, clinical genetics, statistics, psychology, and other required subjects. Eligibility for certification should include qualified candidates of genetic counseling with no formally approved education, but a sufficient amount of clinical experience, in addition to accredited program graduates. Certification examinations should be carried out every two years and the certification should be good for five years, as is the case in Japan.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.30.2-31
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• 2017

Compact elliptical (cE) galaxies are in a rare class of stellar systems characterized by high stellar densities, small sizes, high velocity dispersion, and high metallicity corresponding to elliptical galaxies. cE galaxies have been observed around massive galaxies, so they could be formed under strong influences of tidal stripping and truncation. However, the recent discovery of isolated cE galaxies requires the need of new formation scenarios. We aim at finding cE galaxies in various environments using SDSS DR12, and studying stellar population of cEs as function of environments. Based on the typical properties of cE galaxies, we selected cE candidates by restricting that low-luminosity Mg > 19.5 mag, small sizes Re < 700 pc, and high velocity dispersions ${\sigma}$ > $60kms^{-1}$. Since effect radii of cE candidates are mostly smaller than the seeing size of SDSS photometry, we calculated the effective radius by fitting a Sersic profile. In addition, we assumed that host galaxies have brightness with Mr < -21 mag, and an environmental parameter is computed as distances between cE galaxies and host-galaxies. We found 112 cE galaxies at z < 0.05, which have high sersic indices (mean value is 5.2) similar to the typical massive elliptical galaxies. Mgb values of cE galaxies increase as the distances from the host galaxies decrease. Especially, for cEs close to the host galaxies (NcE; $D_{host}$ < 300 pc), the Mgb values are similar to those of massive elliptical galaxies, which is consistent with the previous studies. On the other hand, cE galaxies distant from the host galaxies (DcE; Dhost >300 pc) have lower Mgb values than the conventional cE. The Mgb values follow the ${\sigma}$-Mgb relation of elliptical galaxies, and are connected to its faint end. This can be explained as a result of different merger histories for differing environments. For example, NcE galaxies are formed by tidal stripping by massive galaxies as suggested by previous studies, but DcE galaxies could be linked with high-redshift spheroids (e.g. red nuggets) which have not evolved into present-day elliptical galaxies because of the environmental influences.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.57-65
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• 2005

Geotextile have been used for the past 30 years for various types of containers, such as small sandbag, 3-D fabric forms and aggregate filled gabion etc. While they are mainly used for flood and water control, they are also used against beach erosion fir shore protection. Especially, large-sized geotextile tube structures are used in various innovative coastal systems involving breakwaters. This paper presents the hydrodynamic behavior of geotextile tubes based on the results of hydraulic model tests. These tube are generally about 1.0 m to 2.0 m in diameter, thou띤 they can be sized for any application. The tubes can be used solely, or stacked to add greater height and usability. Stacked geotextile tubes will be created by adding the height necessary for some breakwaters and embankment, therefore increasing the usability of geotextile tubes. The hydraulic model test was conducted as structural condition and wave conditions. Structural condition is installation direction to the wave (perpendicular and 45$^{circ}$$), and wave condition is varied with the significant wave height ranging from 3.0 m to 6.0 m. Compared with previous test result, the stacked geotextile tube is more stable against wave attack than single tube. Also, the case of none-water depth above crest is more stable than 0.5H of water depth above crest. The incline installed stacked tube is more effective for wave adsorption.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.161-170
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• 2020

Constructed wetlands (CWs) are widely used to solve water quality problems caused by diffuse pollution from agricultural areas; however, phytoplankton blooms in CW systems can occur due to long hydraulic retention time (HRT), high nutrient loading, and exposure to sunlight. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of a CW designed to treat agricultural diffuse pollution and develop a design concept to improve the nature-based capabilities of the system. Monitoring was conducted to assess contribution of individual wetland components (i.e. water, sediments, and plants) in the treatment performance of the system. During dry days, the turbidity and particulates concentration in the CW increased by 80 to 197% and 10 to 87%, respectively, due to the excessive growth of phytoplankton. On storm events, the concentration of particulates, organics, and nutrients were reduced by 43% to 70%, 22% to 49%, and 15% to 69% due to adequate water circulation and constant flushing of pollutants in the system. Based on the results, adequate water circulation is necessary to improve the performance of the CW. Free water surface CWs are usually designed to have a constant water level; however, the climate in South Korea is characterized by distinct dry and rainy seasons, which may not be suitable for this conventional design. This study presented a concept of multifunctional design in order to solve current CW design problems and improve the flood control, water quality management, and environmental functions of the facility.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.42-54
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• 1992

To understand the structural changes of the myocardial myocytes and endothelial cells in ischemic and reperfused heart, and to elucidate their roles in those conditions, the authors observed cat and rat myocardium ultrastructurally and evaluated them with morphometric techniques. In cat, mild ischemia and moderate degree reperfusion injury was induced by ligation of the anterior interventricular branch of left coronary artery and reperfusion. In rat, severe ischemia and irreversible reperfusion iniury was made using in vitro Langendorff techniques. In normal cat myocytes, the volume densities of cytoplasm, myofibrils, mitochondria, sarcoplasmic reticulum and T tubules were $0.11{\pm}0.013,\;0.51{\pm}0.096,\;0.25{\pm}0.082,\;0.09{\pm}0.008,\;0.02{\pm}0.010$ (Mean${\pm}$S.D.) respectively, and the myofibril/mitochondria ratio was $2.33{\pm}1.379$. The numerical density and average volume of mitochondria were $0.76{\pm}0.210/{\mu}m^3$ and $0.33{\pm}0.057{\mu}m^3$ respectively. In normal cat endothelial cells, the volume densities of cytoplasm, cytoplasmic vesicles, tubular systems (including endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus) and mitochondria were $0.43{\pm}0.023,\;0.28{\pm}0.007,\;0.22{\pm}0.021,\;0.03{\pm}0.014$ respectively. The mean thickness of endothelial cells was $230{\pm}45.2{\mu}m$. The numerical density and average volume of cytoplasmic vesicles were $508{\pm}55.0/{\mu}m^3,\;578{\pm}104.8nm^3$ respectively. In cat myocytes which received mild ischemic injury, the volume densities of organelles were not changed significantly in ischemic and reperfusion states. In reperfusion group myocytes, the numerical density of mitochondria was decreased significantly and the average volume was increased significantly. In endothelial cells, the volume density of tubular system in ischemic group and the average volume of cytoplasmic vesicles in reperfusion group were increased significantly. In rat myocytes which received severe ischemic injury, the volume density and average volume of mitochondria were increased significantly, and the volume density of sarcoplasmic reticulum and numerical density of mitochondria were decreased significantly in both ischemic and reperfusion groups. In ischemic and reperfused endothelial cells, the volume density and numerical density of cytoplasmic vesicles, the volume density of cytoplasm were decreased significantly. The volume densities of tubular system were increased significantly in both ischemic and reperfused groups. The volume density of mitochondria in ischemic group and the average volume of cytoplasmic vesicles in reperfusion group showed significant increase. The authors, based on the above observations, conclude that the mitochondria of myocytes and the cytoplasmic vesicles of endothelia are the first group of targets in ischemic and reperfusion injury and in this respect, the degree of ischemic insult is not significant. The role of myocyte mitochondria in reperfusion injury may be insignificant, but endothelial cells may contribute actively to reperfusion injury.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.39-46
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• 2018

Many studies on the electrochemical performance of Li secondary batteries have been obtained using coin-type cells due to the ease of assembly, low cost and ensuring reproducibility. The coin-type cell consists of a case, a gasket, a spacer disk, and a wave spring. These structural features require a greater amount of liquid electrolyte to assemble than other types of cells such as laminated cells and cylindrical cells. Nevertheless, little research has been conducted on the effect of excess liquid electrolytes on the electrochemical performances of Li secondary batteries. In this study, we investigate the effect of different amounts of electrolyte on the coin-type cells. The amount of electrolytes is adjusted to 30 and $100mg\;mAh^{-1}$. Cycle performances at room temperature ($25^{\circ}C$) and high temperature ($60^{\circ}C$) and high voltage are performed to investigate the electrochemical properties of the different amount of electrolytes. In the case of the unit cell including the electrolyte of $30mg\;mAh^{-1}$, the discharging capacity retention characteristic is excellent in comparison with the case of $100mg\;mAh^{-1}$ under the high temperature and high voltage condition. The former shows a larger increase in internal resistance than the latter, confirming that the amount of electrolyte significantly influences the discharge capacity retention characteristics of the battery.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.101-113
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• 2013

The concern on environmental quality makes the landscape analysis more important than before ever. For the landscape analysis, selection of viewpoint is one of most important stage. Because of its subjectiveness, the conventional viewpoint selection method often missed some viewpoints of importance. The purpose of this study is to develop a viewpoint selection method for landscape analysis using GIS data and techniques. During the viewpoint selection process, spatial and attribute data from several GIS systems were hired. Query and overlay methods were mainly adapted for analysis to find out meaningful viewpoints. The 3D simulation analysis on DEM(Digital Elevation Model) was used for every selected viewpoint to examine wether the view target is screened out or not. Application study at a sample site showed some omissions of good viewpoints without any screening. It also exhibited the possibility to reduce time and cost for the viewpoint selection process of landscape analysis. For the progress of applicability, GIS data analysis process have to be improved and more modules such as automatic screening analysis system on selected viewpoint have to be developed.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.33 no.2C
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• pp.192-199
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• 2008

In ultra-wideband (UWB) systems, conventionally, the synchronization is to align time phases of a locally generated template and any of multipath components to within an allowable range. However, the synchronization with a low-power multipath component could incur significant performance degradation in receiver operation (e.g., detection) after the synchronization. On the other hand, the synchronization with a high-power multipath component can improve the performance in receiver operation after the synchronization. Generally, the first one among multipath components has the largest power. Thus, the synchronization with the first path component can make better performance than that with low-power component in receiver operation after the synchronization, Based on which, we first propose an optimal decision rule based on a maximum likelihood (ML) approach, and then, develope a simpler suboptimal decision rule for selecting the first path component. Simulation results show that the system has good demodulation performance, which uses new synchronization definition and the proposed decision rules have better performance than that of the conventional decision rule in UWB multipath channels. Between macroblocks in the previous and the current frame. On video samples with high motion and scene change cases, experimental results show that (1) the proposed algorithm adapts the encoded bitstream to limited channel capacity, while existing algorithms abruptly excess the limit bit rate; (2) the proposed algorithm improves picture quality with $0.4{\sim}0.9$dB in average.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.41-49
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• 2017

In the acquisition program, the conceptual design is the most important step toward specifying the military objectives, establishing requirements and determining future developmental directions, of a target system. However, if both the requirements and directions are incorrectly set due to the lack of development experiences and literature backgrounds in the target systems, such as future ground combat vehicles, it may become a major risk in the future design phases and the entire acquisition program. In order to correct these errors in the future phases, time, effort and cost are required. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the errors that occur in the initial stages to effectively acquire the future ground combat vehicles. This paper describes the initial design method for verifying the requirements and the developmental directions and estimating the system performance at the conceptual design through the system-level physical modeling and simulation (M&S) and the target system performance analysis. The system-level physical M&S use cutting-edge design tools, model-based designs and geometric-based designs. The system performance estimation is driven from the results of the system-level physical M&S and the specialized system analysis software.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.39-46
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• 2008

Due to the growth in industrialization, potential hazards in subsurface environments are becoming increasingly significant. The extraction of the contaminant from the soil and movement of the water are restricted due to the low permeability and adsorption characteristics of the reclaimed soils. There are a number of approaches to in-situ remediation that are used in contaminated sites for removing contaminants. These include soil flushing, dual phase extraction, and soil vapor extraction. Among these techniques, soil flushing was the focus of the investigation in this paper. Incorporated technique with PVDs has been used for dewatering from fine-grained soils for the purpose of ground improvement by means of prefabricated vertical drain systems. The laboratory model tests were performed by using the flushing tracer solutions for silty soils and recorded the tracer concentration changes with the elapsed time and flow rates. The modeling was intended to predict the effectiveness and time dependence of the remediation process. Modeling has been performed on the extraction, considering tracer concentration and laboratory model test characteristics. The computer model used herein are SEEP/W and CTRAN/W, this 2-D finite element program allows for modeling to determine hydraulic head and pore water pressure distribution, efficiency of remediation for the subsurface environment. It is concluded that the coefficient of permeability of contaminated soil is related with vertical velocity and extracted flow rate. The vertical velocity and extracted flow rate have an effect on dispersivity and finally are played an important role in-situ soil remediation.