• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권12호
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• pp.1790-1795
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• 2016

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are highly conserved, short non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. Although many miRNAs are identified in muscles and muscle cells, their individual roles are still not fully understood. In the present study, we investigated a muscle highly-expressed miRNA, miR-127-3p, in C2C12 myoblasts and tissues of goats with different muscle phenotypes (Boer vs Wushan black goats). Our results demonstrated that i) miR-127-3p was extensively expressed in tissues of goats; ii) miR-127-3p was higher expressed in muscle, spleen, heart, and skin in the muscular goats (Boer goats) than the control (Wushan black goats). Then we further characterized the dynamical expression of miR-127-3p, MyoD, MyoG, Myf5, Mef2c, and Myosin in the proliferating and differentiating C2C12 myoblasts at day of 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 in culture mediums. Especially, we found that miR-127-3p was significantly higher expressed in the proliferating than differentiating cells. Our findings suggest that miR-127-3p probably plays roles in the proliferation and differentiation of myoblasts, which further underlies regulation of muscle phenotype in goats.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.59-64
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• 2016

Gaucher disease type 1 (GD1) is an inherited lysosomal storage disorder caused by deficiency of acid ${\beta}$-glucosidase. The diminished enzyme activity leads to the accumulation of substrates and results in multi-systemic manifestations including hepatosplenomegaly, anemia, thrombocytopenia, and bone diseases. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) by infusion of recombinant protein has been the standard treatment for over 20 years. Despite the successful long-term treatment with ERT, several unmet needs remain in the treatment of GD1 such as severe pulmonary and skeletal manifestations. Substrate reduction therapy (SRT) reduces the accumulation of substrates by inhibiting their biosynthesis. Eliglustat, a new oral SRT, was approved in United States and Europe as a first-line therapy for treating adult patients with GD1 who have compatible CYP2D6 metabolism phenotypes. Although eliglustat is not yet available in Korea, introduction and summary of this new treatment modality are provided in this paper by review of literatures. Despite the fact that there are only limited studies to draw resolute conclusions, the current data demonstrated that eliglustat is not inferior to ERT in terms of its clinical efficacy. The approval of eligustat enables eligible adult GD1 patients to have the option of oral therapy although it still needs further studies on long-term outcomes. The individual patient should be assessed carefully for the choice of treatment modality when eliglustat becomes available in Korea. Furthermore, the clinical guidelines for Korean patients with GD1 regarding the use of eliglustat needs to be developed in near future.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권10호
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• pp.1600-1606
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• 2021

Objective: This study was conducted to enhance our understanding of nitrogen (N) metabolism and mammary amino acid (AA) utilization in lactating cows with divergent phenotypes of residual feed intake (RFI). Methods: Fifty-three multiparous mid-lactation Holstein dairy cows were selected for RFI measurements over a 50-d experimental period. The 26 cows with the most extreme RFI values were classified into the high RFI (n = 13) and low RFI (n = 13) groups, respectively, for analysis of N metabolism and AA utilization. Results: Compared with the high RFI cows, the low RFI animals had lower dry matter intake (p<0.01) with no difference observed in milk yield between the two groups (p>0.10). However, higher ratios of milk yield to dry matter intake (p<0.01) were found in the low RFI cows than in the high RFI cows. The low RFI cows had significant greater ratios of milk protein to metabolizable protein (p = 0.02) and milk protein to crude protein intake than the high RFI cows (p = 0.01). The arterial concentration and mammary uptake of essential AA (p<0.10), branched-chain AA (p<0.10), and total AA (p<0.10) tended to be lower in the low RFI cows. Additionally, the low RFI cows tended to have a lower ratio of AA uptake to milk output for essential AA (p = 0.08), branched-chain AA (p = 0.07) and total AA (p = 0.09) than the high RFI cows. Conclusion: In summary, both utilization of metabolizable protein for milk protein and mammary AA utilization are more efficient in cows with lower RFI than in the high RFI cows. Our results provide new insight into the protein metabolic processes (related to N and AA) involved in feed efficiency.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제33권7호
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• pp.915-925
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• 2023

Sarcopenia is defined as loss of muscle mass and strength due to aging. Recent studies show that sarcopenia may improve via the gut-muscle axis, suggesting that gut health may affect muscle phenotypes. In this study, we aimed to investigate the ability of Lactobacillus rhamnosus JY02 as a probiotic strain isolated from kimchi to alleviate sarcopenia. L. rhamnosus JY02-conditioned medium (CM) reduced dexamethasone (DEX)-induced myotube diameter atrophy and expression of muscle degradation markers (MuRF1 and atrogin-1) in C2C12 cells. The amelioration of sarcopenia was investigated by measuring body composition (lean mass), hand grip strength, myofibril size (using histological analysis), and mRNA and protein expression of muscle-related factors in a DEX-induced mouse model. The results of these analyses showed that L. rhamnosus JY02 supplementation promoted the production of muscle-enhancement markers (MHC Iβ, MHC IIα, and Myo-D) and reduced both the production of muscle degradation markers and the symptoms of muscle atrophy (loss of lean mass and muscle strength). We also found decreased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IFN- γ) and increased levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10) in the serum of DEX+JY02-administered mice compared to those in DEX-treated mice. Overall, these results suggest that L. rhamnosus JY02 is a potent probiotic supplement that prevents sarcopenia by suppressing muscle atrophy.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.35-45
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• 2023

Pathogenic Escherichia coli is the cause of a wide range of diseases in pigs, including diarrhea, edema disease, and septicemia. Diarrhea caused E. coli may result in significant economic losses, making pathogenic E. coli an important pathogen for the swine industry. This study investigated the prevalence of virulence factor genes, antimicrobial resistance phenotypes, and resistance genes in E. coli isolated from feces of piglets in Korea between 2017 and 2020. As a result, 119 pathogenic E. coli isolates were obtained from 601 fecal samples. The F4 adhesin gene and the STb enterotoxin gene were commonly present in E. coli isolated from diarrhea samples. The dominant virulotypes of isolates from diarrhea samples were STb, Stx2e, and F4:LT:STb. More than 80% of the screened isolates were resistant to ampicillin, sulfisoxazole, chloramphenicol, or tetracycline. To confirm the resistance mechanisms for β-lactam or quinolone, we investigated the genotypic factors of resistance. Each of the ceftiofur-resistant E. coli produced an extended-spectrum β-lactamase encoded by bla_CTX-M-14, bla_CTX-M-27, and bla_CTX-M-55. And all ciprofloxacin-resistant E. coli harbored mutations in quinoloneresistance-determining-regions. In addition, some of the ciprofloxacin-resistant E. coli contained the plasmid-mediated-quinolone-resistance genes such as qepA, qnrB1, or qnrD. This study has confirmed that the F4 fimbria and the STb enterotoxin are the most predominant in pathogenic E. coli isolated from piglets with diarrhea in Korea and there is a great need for responsible and prudent use of antimicrobials to treat colibacillosis.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.225-239
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• 2022

As commensal colonizers in livestock, there has been little attention on staphylococci, especially non-aureus staphylococci (NAS), contaminating meat production chain. To assess prevalence of staphylococci in retail pork and slaughterhouse carcass samples in Korea, we collected 578 samples from Korean slaughterhouses (n=311) and retail markets (n=267) for isolation of staphylococci and determined antimicrobial resistance phenotypes in all the isolates. The presence of and prevalence of fusB-family genes (fusB, fusC, fusD, and fusF) and mutations in fusA genes were examined in fusidic acid resistant isolates. A total of 47 staphylococcal isolates of 4 different species (Staphylococcus aureus, n=4; S. hyicus, n=1; S. epidermidis, n=10; Mammaliicoccus sciuri, n=32) were isolated. Fusidic acid resistance were confirmed in 9/10 S. epidermidis and all of the 32 M. sciuri (previously S. sciuri) isolates. Acquired fusidic acid resistance genes were detected in all the resistant strains; fusB and fusC in S. epidermidis and fusB/C in M. sciuri. Multi-locus sequence type analysis revealed that ST63 (n=10, 31%) and ST30 (n=8, 25%) genotypes were most prevalent among fusidic acid resistant M. sciuri isolates. In conclusion, the high prevalence of fusB-family genes in S. epidermidis and M. sciuri strains isolated from pork indicated that NAS might act as a reservoir for fusidic acid resistance gene transmissions in pork production chains.

• 대한유전성대사질환학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.23-29
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• 2018

Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1 (CPS1) 결핍은 고암모니아혈증을 특징으로 하는 요소 회로 이상 질환 중 하나로 상염색체 열성으로 유전되며 2q35 염색체에 존재하는 CPS1 유전자 변이로 인해 발생된다. CPS1 결핍은 발병 연령에 따라 신생아형과 신생아기 이후에 발생하는 지연형으로 나뉜다. CPS1 결핍의 임상 양상의 중증도는 주로 효소 활성 결핍의 정도에 따라 다를 수 있으며, 고암모니아혈증으로 신경 기능 이상 및 장애를 초래하게 된다. 본 증례는 생후 25일 즈음 구토, 의식 저하, 고암모니아혈증을 보여 시행한 생화학적, 분자유전학적 검사(targeted gene panel sequencing)를 통해 CPS1 결핍을 진단하였다. 수액 치료, 관장, 소듐 벤조에이트 치료로 고암모니아혈증 및 임상 양상 호전 보여 응급 투석을 시행하지 않았으며 생후 17개월까지 관찰한 결과 고암모니아혈증의 재발없이 성장과 발달 및 신경학적 예후가 좋음을 보고하는 바이다.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.74-80
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• 2014

The peroxisome is an intracellular organelle that responds dynamically to environmental changes. Various model organisms have been used to study the roles of peroxisomal proteins in maintaining cellular homeostasis. By taking advantage of the zebrafish model whose early stage of embryogenesis is dependent on yolk components, we examined the developmental roles of the D-bifunctional protein (Dbp), an essential enzyme in the peroxisomal ${\beta}$-oxidation. The knockdown of dbp in zebrafish phenocopied clinical manifestations of its deficiency in human, including defective craniofacial morphogenesis, growth retardation, and abnormal neuronal development. Overexpression of murine Dbp rescued the morphological phenotypes induced by dbp knockdown, indicative of conserved roles of Dbp during zebrafish and mammalian development. Knockdown of dbp impaired normal development of blood, blood vessels, and most strikingly, endoderm-derived organs including the liver and pancreas - a phenotype not reported elsewhere in connection with peroxisome dysfunction. Taken together, our results demonstrate for the first time that zebrafish might be a useful model animal to study the role of peroxisomes during vertebrate development.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.325-330
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• 2007

대장균의 필수적인 리보핵산 내부분해효소인 RNase E는세포내에서 여러 RNA의 분해와 가공과정에서 중요한 역할을 하며, 이 단백질의 효소활성부위를 포함하는 N-말단부위의 498 아미노산(N-Rne)만의 발현으로도 세포의 생장을 가능하게 한다. 이러한 RNase E의 특성을 활용하여 다양한 표현형을 가지는 N-Rne 돌연변이체들을 분리, 동정할 수 있는 효율적인 유전학적 시스템을 개발하였다. 이 시스템을 이용하여 얻어진 효소활성부위 돌연변이체들을 표현형으로 분류하여 분석한 결과, S1 도메인의 6번째 아미노산의 치환(I6T)을 가진 변이체는 야생형 N-Rne의 기능을 대체하지 못하였고, Small 도메인의 488번째 아미노산의 치환(R488C)을 가진 변이체는 야생형 N-Rne의 발현양보다 현저히 작게 발현시켜도 세포의 생장을 정상적으로 가능하게 하였다. 또한 DNase I 도메 인의 305번째 아미노산의 치환(N305D)을 가진 변이체는 야생형 N-Rne의 발현양보다 과발현시켰을 때만 세포의 생장을 가능하게 하였다. 각각의 아미노산 치환을 포함하는 N-Rne를 한정적으로 과발현시켰을 때의 ColEl-타입 플라스미드의 복제 수에 대한 영향을 측정한 결과, 돌연변이체 N-Rne의 세포생장에 대한 영향은 이 변이체들의 세포 내 효소활성 정도에 기인하는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 이러한 실험결과는 이 연구에서 개발한 유전학적 시스템을 이용하여 다양한 표현형을 가진 RNase E 변이체를 선별할 수 있으며, 이 변이체들의 특성을 분석함으로써 RNase E가 RNA의 안정성을 조절하는데 있어서 각각의 세부 도메인의 역할을 규명할 수 있으리라는 것을 시사한다.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.250-257
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• 1988

Bensulfuron에 대표적인 내성군(耐性群)(UCP-28, Chinsurah Boro II, Fukunohama, Fadehpur-2, IR 14252-13-2-2-5)과 감수성품종군(感受性品種群)(HP93(3) FA, HP94(9) FA, Padilabou Alumbis. KH-17854, IR 1846-2841-1)을 공시(供試)하여 종실(種實) 단백질(蛋白質)(SDS-PAGE)과 유묘(幼苗) 동위효소(同位酵素)(malate dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase, peroxidase, esterase: 7% PAGE)의 전기영동(電氣泳動) profile을 분석(分析)하고, bensulfuron 0, $10^{-6}$, $10^{-5}$, $3{\times}10^{-5}M$ 용액에서 생장(生長)한 두 대표 품종(品種)(cv. Chinsurah Boro II와 cv. IR 1846)의 5 일령(日齡) 유묘(幼苗)의 동위효소(同位酵素) profile 변화양상(變化樣相)을 비교(比較)하므로써, bensulfuron에의 내성차이(耐性差異)와 이들 전기영동(電氣泳動) profile 차이(差異)가 갖는 연관성(聯關性)을 알고저 하였다. 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 종실단백(種實蛋白)의 전기영동(電氣泳動)으로 16개(個) band를 확인(確認)할 수 있었고, 이를 근거(根據)로 clustering한 결과(結果), 내성(耐性)에서의 M, O, P band가 높게 나타났고 또한 전체 peak 면적(面積)이 크다는 특이성(特異性)에 기인(起因)하여 두 품종군간(品種群間)에 비유사성(非類似性)이 인정(認定)되는 정도(程度)로 분류(分類)되었다. 2. 무처리(無處理)된 유묘(幼苗)의 동위효소(同位酵素) 가운데, peroxidase로는 4개(個) band가 얻어졌고, 내성군(耐性群)의 특이성(特異性)은 D band에서의 활성(活性)이 높은 데 있었다. Malate dehydrogenase는 3개(個) band로 분리(分離)되었고, 내성군(耐性群)만이 A band를 나타내며 B 및 C band도 내성군(耐性群)에서 선명하였다. Esterase는 3~4개(個) band로 구분(區分)되었고 내성군(耐性群)이 A 및 B band에서 높은 활성(活性)을 보였다. Acid phosphatase는 하나의 major band와 2~3개(個)의 minor band로 나타났으며 내성군(耐性群)만은 B band를 갖는 경향(傾向)이었다. 3. Bensulfuron의 처리농도(處理濃度)에 따라, 동위효소(同位酵素) 가운데 peroxidase는 감수성(感受性)에서만 C band의 생성(生成)과 D band의 소실현상(消失現象)이 야기(惹起)되었고, 내성품종(耐性品種)에서는 C band가 나타나지 않았으며, 다른 band에서의 변화(變化)도 없었다. Malate dehyrogenase의 경우, major band인 D, E, F는 감수성(感受性)에서 활성(活性)이 컸고 변화(變化)는 없었으며, minor band인 A, B, C는 감수성(感受性)에서만 민감(敏感)하게 소실(消失)되었다. Esterase는 5개(個) band로 표현(表現)되었으며 내성(耐性)에서는 A, B, C, D 감수성(感受性)에서는 A, B, C, E만 나타났으며, 약처리농도증가(藥處理濃度增加)로 감수성품종(感受性品種)은 A, C, E band의 활성(活性)이 민감(敏感)하게 소실(消失)되었다.