• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.470-475
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• 2017

PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to identify the complex course of the mandibular canal using 3D reconstruction of microCT images and to provide the diagram for clinicians to help them understand at the interforaminal region in Korean. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Twenty-six hemimandibles obtained from cadavers were examined using microCT, and the images were reconstructed. At both the midpoint of mental foramen and the tip of anterior loop, the bucco-lingual position, the height from the mandibular inferior border, the horizontal distance between two points, and position relative to tooth site on the mandibular canal were measured. The angle that the mental canal diverges from the mandibular canal was measured in posterior-superior and lateral-superior direction. RESULTS. The buccal distance from the mandibular canal was significantly much shorter than lingual distance at both the mental foramen and the tip of anterior loop. The mandibular canal at the tip of anterior loop was significantly located closer to buccal side and higher than at the mental foramen. And the mental canal most commonly diverged from the mandibular canal below the first premolar by approximately $50^{\circ}$ posterior-superior and $41^{\circ}$ lateral-superior direction, which had with a mean length of 5.19 mm in front of the mental foramen, and exited to the mental foramen below the second premolar. CONCLUSION. These results suggest that it could form a hazardous tetrahedron space at the interforaminal region, thus, the clinician need to pay attention to the width of a premolar tooth from the mental foramen during dental implant placement.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권12호
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• pp.1696-1702
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• 2008

In order to learn the origin of the Chinese Mongolian horse, we analyzed polymorphisms within the mtDNA D-loop variable region in 305 horses of 6 types of 3 different breeds, including one imported breed, one cultivated breed and 4 types of one local breed. We detected 13 different haplotypes, and subsequent sequence analysis showed that all 6 horse types were genetically diverse. By constructing a cladogram of mtDNA D-loop sequences from the 6 horse types along with homologous sequences from several other horse types obtained from GenBank, we showed that Chinese Mongolian horses have a close genetic relationship with other horse types from Mongolia. We also speculate that several Chinese Mongolian horses descended from Przewalskii horse. Additionally, the 13 haplotypes were dispersed throughout the cladogram, suggesting that Chinese Mongolian horses likely originated from multiple female ancestors. A phylogenetic map of the 6 horse types showed that the genetic relationship between the local Wuzhumuqin and Wushen types were the closest. The Xinihe and Baerhu were also closely related to each other, and slightly more distantly related to the cultivated Sanhe breed. All five of the local Chinese horse types had a much more distant relationship with the imported Thoroughbred breed.

• 한국생물물리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물물리학회 2003년도 정기총회 및 학술발표회
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• pp.63-63
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• 2003

$\alpha$$_1$-Antityrpsin is a member of the serine protease inhibitor (SERPIN) family that shares a common tertiary structure. The reactive site loop (RSL) of serpins is exposed at one end of the molecule for protease binding. Upon cleavage by a target protease, the RSL is inserted into the major $\beta$-sheet A, which is a necessary process for formation of a tight inhibitory complex. Various biochemical and structural studies suggest that the rate of the RSL insertion upon binding a target protease is critical for inhibitory activity, and it is thought that helix F region (thFs3A and helix F) located in front of $\beta$-sheet A, should be lifted for the loop insertion during complex formation.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.941-948
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• 2021

Objective: In Japan, approximately 50 breeds of indigenous domestic chicken, called Japanese native chickens (JNCs), have been developed. JNCs gradually became established based on three major original groups, "Jidori", "Shoukoku", and "Shamo". Tosa-Jidori is a breed of Jidori, and archival records as well as its morphologically primitive characters suggest an ancient origin. Although Jidori is thought to have been introduced from East Asia, a previous study based on mitochondrial D-loop sequences demonstrated that Tosa-Jidori belongs to haplogroup D, which is abundant in Southeast Asia but rare in other regions, and a Southeast Asian origin for Tosa-Jidori was therefore suggested. The relatively small size of the D-loop region offers limited resolution in comparison with mitogenome phylogeny. This study was conducted to determine the phylogenetic position of the Tosa-Jidori breed based on complete mitochondrial D-loop and mitogenome sequences, and to clarify its evolutionary relationships, possible maternal origin and routes of introduction into Japan. Methods: Maximum likelihood and parsimony trees were based on 133 chickens and consisted of 86 mitogenome sequences as well as 47 D-loop sequences. Results: This is the first report of the complete mitogenome not only for the Tosa-Jidori breed, but also for a member of one of the three major original groups of JNCs. Our phylogenetic analysis based on D-loop and mitogenome sequences suggests that Tosa-Jidori individuals characterized in this study belong to the haplogroup D as well as the sub-haplogroup E1. Conclusion: The sub-haplogroup E1 is relatively common in East Asia, and so although the Southeast Asian origin hypothesis cannot be rejected, East Asia is another possible origin of Tosa-Jidori. This study highlights the complicated origin and breeding history of Tosa-Jidori and other JNC breeds.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.209-213
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• 1998

(η6-mesitylene) manganese (Ⅰ) tricarbonyl hexafluorophosphate[MTH-Mn (Ⅰ)]과 황산 이메틸, 피로탄산 이에틸, 과망간산 칼륨 따위 화학탐침들을 사용하여 Pseudomonas alcaligenes 5S rRNA의 고차원 구조를 분석하였다. 5S rRNA의 삼차구조에서 MTH-Mn (Ⅰ)이 강하게 절단하는 자리들은 a고리의 $G_{12}AUGG_{16}$, b-C 구역의 3'쪽 가닥, 즉$G_{51}AAGUGAAGC_{60}$, B-a구역의 $U_{65}-AGCG_{69}$, d고리의 5'쪽 가닥의 $G_{72}AUGG_{76}$ 연속부분 들이다. MTH-Mn(Ⅰ)과 그밖의 화학 탐침들을 사용하여 얻은 절단 양식들에서 우리는, MTH-Mn(Ⅰ)으로 강하게 절단되는 연속부분들이 $tRNA^{Phe}$의 L자 구조의 모서리 부분에서와 같은 주머니 구조를 이룰 것이며, 이러한 구조를 형성할 때 b-C구역과 d고리가 돌쩌귀 구실을 하는 것으로 추정한다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.313-315
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• 2007

Seventeen haplotypes were detected from the complete mitochondrial DNA control region sequences analyzed from eighty individuals of two Tibetan domestic sheep breeds. The nucleotide composition of all the sequences was 33.0% A, 29.7%T, 22.9%C and 14.4%G; G+C was 37.3%. The length of the sequences ranged from 1,107 bp to 1,259 bp. The difference between them was primarily due to 3-5 copy numbers of a 75 bp tandem repeat sequence. The NJ phylogenetic tree (the number of replications of bootstrap test is 1,000) presented three major domestic sheep lineages, which suggested that modern Tibetan sheep breeds are derived from three maternal sources.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권8호
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• pp.3863-3868
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• 2012

In this study mitochondrial D-Loop variations in Iranian prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients were investigated. Tumour samples and corresponding non-cancerous prostate tissue from 40 prostate cancer patients and 40 age-matched BPH patients were collected. The entire mtD-loop region (16024-576) was amplified using the PCR method and products were gel-purified and subjected to direct nucleotide sequencing. A total of 129 variations were found, the most frequent being 263A${\rightarrow}$G and 310T${\rightarrow}$C among both BPH and prostate cancer patients. Variation of 309 C${\rightarrow}$T was significantly more frequent in prostate cancer patients (P value<0.05). Four novel variations were observed on comparison with the MITOMAP database. Novel variations were np16154delT, np366G${\rightarrow}$A, np389G${\rightarrow}$A and 56insT. There was no correspondence between the different variations and the age of subjects. Considering that D-loop variations were frequent in both BPH and prostate cancer patients in our study, the fact that both groups had high average age can be a possible contributing factor. D-loop polymorphisms and microsatellite instability can influence cell physiology and result in a benign or malignant phenotype. Significantly higher frequency of 309 C${\rightarrow}$T variation in cancer patients is a notable finding and must be a focus of attention in future studies.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.804-811
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• 2018

Objective: Complete mtDNA D-loop sequences of four Thai indigenous chicken varieties, including Pra-dhu-hang-dam (PD), Leung-hang-khao (LK), Chee (CH), and Dang (DA) were explored for genetic diversity and relationships with their potential ancestor and possible associates to address chicken domestication in Thailand. Methods: A total of 220 complete mtDNA D-loop sequences of the four Thai indigenous chicken varieties were obtained by Sanger direct sequencing of polymerase chain reaction amplicons of 1,231 to 1,232 base pair in size. A neighbor-joining dendrogram was constructed with reference complete mtDNA D-loop sequences of Red Junglefowl (RJF) and those different chicken breeds available on National Center for Biotechnology Information database. Genetic diversity indices and neutrality test by Tajima's D test were performed. Genetic differences both within and among populations were estimated using analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA). Pairwise fixation index ($F_{ST}$) was conducted to evaluated genetic relationships between these varieties. Results: Twenty-three identified haplotypes were classified in six haplogroups (A-E and H) with the majority clustered in haplogroup A and B. Each variety was in multiple haplogroups with haplogroups A, B, D, and E being shared by all studied varieties. The averaged haplotype and nucleotide diversities were, respectively 0.8607 and 0.00579 with non-significant Tajima's D values being observed in all populations. Haplogroup distribution was closely related to that of RJF particularly Gallus gallus gallus (G. g. gallus) and G. g. spadiceus. As denoted by AMOVA, the mean diversity was mostly due to within-population variation (90.53%) while between-population variation (9.47%) accounted for much less. By pairwise $F_{ST}$, LK was most closely related to DA ($F_{ST}=0.00879$) while DA was farthest from CH ($F_{ST}=0.24882$). Conclusion: All 4 Thai indigenous chickens are in close relationship with their potential ancestor, the RJF. A contribution of shared, multiple maternal lineages was in the nature of these varieties, which have been domesticated under neutral selection.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.63-75
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• 2006

The 5′-region of Potato virus X (PVX) RNA, which contains an AC-rich, single-stranded region and stem-loop structure 1 (SL1), affects RNA replication and assembly. Using Systemic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential enrichment (SELEX) and the electrophoretic mobility shift assay, we demonstrate that SL1 interacts specifically with tobacco protoplast protein extracts (S100). The 36 nucleotides that correspond to the top region of SL1, which comprises stem C, loop C, stem D, and the tetra loop (TL), were randomized and bound to the S100. Remarkably, the wild-type (wt) sequence was selected in the second round, and the number of wt sequences increased as selection proceeded. All of the selected clones from the fifth round contained the wt sequence. Secondary structure predictions (mFOLD) of the recovered sequences revealed relatively stable stem-loop structures that resembled SL1, although the nucleotide sequences therein were different. Moreover, many of the clones selected in the fourth round conserved the TL and C-C mismatch, which suggests the importance of these elements in host protein binding. The SELEX clone that closely resembled the wt SL1 structure with the TL and C-C mismatch was able to replicate and cause systemic symptoms in plants, while most of the other winners replicated poorly only on inoculated leaves. The RNA replication level on protoplasts was also similarly affected. Taken together, these results indicate that the SL1 of PVX interacts with host protein(s) that play important roles related to virus replication.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.276-282
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• 2008

우리나라는 전 세계 녹용의 약 80% 이상을 소비하고 있는 양록 대국이나 최근 국내 녹용시장에서의 녹용 둔갑판매 및 불법유통 현상이 문제점으로 대두되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 녹용의 종 감별 기술을 개발하고자 현재 국내에서 유통되고 있는 러시아산 원용, 북미산 대록, 국산화용, 중국산 깔깔이 및 알래스카산 순록 등 5종의 대표적인 녹용들을 대상으로 종간 염기서열 변이성이 매우 높은 유전자로 알려져 있는 mt DNA내 cytochrome b 및 D-loop 유전자 영역의 염기서열 분석 및 종간 변이성 비교분석을 수행하였다. 각 녹용시료에서 mt DNA를 분리하고 cytochrome b와 D-loop유전자의 특정 영역을 포함하는 primer를 설계 합성하고 PCR로 증폭한 후 DNA 증폭산물의 염기서열을 분석하여 종간 유전정보의 동일성 여부를 비교한 결과 녹용 종간에 명확한 차이를 보이는 염기서열 부위가 검출되었고 이러한 종간 염기배열 차이에 근거하여 녹용의 종 감별이 가능하였다. 또한, mt DNA cytochrome b유전자에서 종간 특이적 염기서열을 인지하는 두 종류의 제한효소(NlaIV 및 TaqI)을 이용한 PCR-RFLP 기법으로 녹용으로 인정되지 않는 순록의 종 특이적 RFLP 분자표지를 검출하였고 이를 이용하여 녹용과 순록간의 종 판별이 가능하였다. 한편, D-loop 유전자의 특정 영역 염기서열 분석기법을 이용하여 시중에서 러시아산 원용으로 유통되고 있는 녹용 절편 32개를 무작위표본 추출하여 녹용의 종 감별을 조사한 결과 러시아산 원용으로 인정되는 것은 62.5%에 불과하였고 나머지는 중국산 마록(25.0%)과 엘크 및 순록의 아종으로 추정되는 시료도 일부 검출되었다. 따라서 본 연구를 통해 사슴 녹용 mt DNA 유전자의 염기서열 유전정보 변이 차이를 이용한 염기서열 분석법과 특정 제한효소(NlaIV 및 TaqI)를 이용한 PCR-RFLP 기법은 녹용의 과학적인 종 감별과 이를 바탕으로 녹용 원산지의 추정도 가능할 것으로 기대된다.