• Mycobiology
• /
• v.36 no.1
• /
• pp.50-54
• /
• 2008

This study examined the chemical composition of A. blasiliensis and the chemical structural properties of an immuno-stimulating polysaccharide. The amino acids, free sugars, and organic acids by HPLC and fatty acids by GC were analyzed. The immuno-stimulating substance from A. blasiliensis was extracted with hot water and purified by ethanol precipitation. It underwent ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and gel filtration on Toyopearl HW 65F. Through GP-HPLC, the substance was found to be homogeneous. Its chemical structure was determined by $^{13}C-NMR$. Fatty acids, organic acids, and sugar alcohol composition consisted exclusively of linoleic acid, fumaric acid and mannitol, respectively. The amino acids were mainly glutamic acid, glycine, and arginine. By $^{13}C-NMR$ analysis, the immuno-stimulating substance was identified as ${\beta}-(1{\rightarrow}3)\;(1{\rightarrow}6)$-glucan, composed of a backbone with $(1{\rightarrow}3)$-linked D-glucopyranosyl residues branching a $(1{\rightarrow}6)$-linked D-glucopyranosyl residue. The ${\beta}$-glucan from A. blasiliensis showed pronounced immuno-stimulating activity on the antibody-production ability of B-lymphocytes by the hemolytic suspension assay. In these results, A. blasiliensis was estimated to have potent pharmacological properties and potential nutritional values.

• Natural Product Sciences
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.32-38
• /
• 2010

From the polar fractions of a 70% EtOH extract of the flower buds of Lonicera japonica (Caprifoliaceae), ten constituents were isolated and identified as iridoid glycosides 7-dehydrologanin (7-ketologanin, 2), secologanin dimethyl acetal (3), (E)-aldosecologanin (centauroside, 5), dimethyl secologanoside (6), secoxyloganin (7) and epivogeloside (8). Other identified constituents were 1-O-$\beta$-D-glucopyranosyl-(2S,3S,4R,8E/Z)-2-[(2R)-2-hydroxy(docosanoyl, tricosanoyl, tetracosanoyl, pentacosanoyl)amino]-8-octadecene-1,3,4-triol (1), uracil (4), D-mannitol (9), and sucrose (10). Among them, 1, 2, 4, and 10 were isolated for the first time from this plant.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
• /
• 2003.04a
• /
• pp.261.1-261.1
• /
• 2003

The EtOAc and CH$_2$Cl$_2$ soluble fractions from the fruit body of Ganoderma applanatum showed strong aldose reductase inhibitory activity. Nine compounds were isolated from both fractions. They were identified by spectral data as D-mannitol (1), 2-methoxyfatty acid (2), cerebrosides [(2S,3R,4E,8E)-1-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranosyl-3-hydroxy-2-[(R)-2'-hydroxypalmitoyl]amino-9-methyl-4,8-octadecadiene] (3), daucosterol (4), 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (5), protocatechualdehyde (6), 5-dihydroergosterol (7), ergosterol peroxide (8), and cerevisterol (9). (omitted)

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
• /
• v.34 no.3
• /
• pp.224-234
• /
• 2018

An efficient method to select drought tolerant Korean native plants using in vitro culture system was established in this study. While the plant growths and root inductions of each plant were proportionately affected by concentrations of mannitol on in vitro culturing seven plant species to test tolerance to osmotic stress, growth index (GI) and number of root induction of Chrysanthemi zawadskii var. latilobum and Dianthus chinensis var. semperflorens plantlets were higher than the others in 125mM mannitol. In test with polyethylene glycol (PEG), plantlets of C. zawadskii var. latilobum and D. chinensis var. semperflorens showed higher GI and number of root induction than the others in 33.3mM. On testing whether the well grown plants under osmotic stress are tolerant to virtual drought stress, there were significant differences in the withering rates of C. zawadskii var. latilobum and D. chinensis and those of were Aster yomena and Centaurea cyanus after 12 days without watering. It was found that significantly lower stomata numbers were shown in both drought tolerant plants than the sensitive plants. Averages of the stomata circumferences and the stomata area in the plantlets of the tolerant species were larger than those of the sensitive plants D. chinensis var. semperflorens showed the lowest transpiration level per unit area. The highest stomatal area per unit area was found in C. zawadskii, followed by D. chinensis var. semperflorens, Aster yomena and C. cyanus. In conclusion, C. zawadskii var. latilobum and D. chinensis var. semperflorens were more tolerant to drought than other two species. Furthermore in vitro selection was successfully used to screen drought tolerance species of native plant species.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.42 no.2
• /
• pp.127-137
• /
• 2011

Twenty-four compounds were isolated from the 70% ethanolic extract of Rehmanniae Radix (Scrophulariaceae) cultivated in Ubo-myeon, Gunwi-gun, Gyeongbuk province, Korea and their structures were identified as four iridoids [6-O-(4''-O-${\alpha}$-L-rhamnopyranosyl) vanilloyl ajugol (17), ajugol (18), aucubin (19), and catalpol (20)], three phenethyl alcohol glycosides [decaffeoyl acteoside (15), isoacteoside (16), and acteoside (21)], five sugar derivatives [ethyl ${\beta}$-D-fructofuranoside (7), eleutheroside C (14), mannitol (22), raffinose (23), and stachyose (24)], two terpenoids [remophilanetriol (4) and glutinolic acid (11)], a lignan, paulownin (2), and eight others [${\beta}$-sitosterol (1), daucosterol (6), monopalmitin (3), pinellic acid (9), uracil (5), adenosine (12), jio-cerebroside (10), aeginetic acid 5-O-${\beta}$-D-quinovoside (8), aeginetoyl ajugol 5''-O-${\beta}$-D-quinovoside (13)]. The chemical structures of these compounds were identified on the basis of spectroscopic methods and comparison with literature values. Among these compounds, paulownin (2), monopalmitin (3), uracil (5), daucosterol (6), ethyl ${\beta}$-D-fructo-furanoside (7), and eleutheroside C (14) were isolated from this plant for the first time.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.24 no.8
• /
• pp.880-886
• /
• 2014

In this study, we isolate and identify bacteria from seawater collected from Jeju coast, to evaluate the antimicrobial activity against the fish pathogenic bacteria. 14 bacterial strains were isolated and identified using physiological, biochemical and molecular tools. Antibacterial activity of all the 14 isolates were screened against four major fish pathogens namely, two Gram-positive: Streptococcus iniae, Streptococcus parauberis and two Gram-negative: Vibrio anguillarum, Edwardsiella tarda. Results revealed that among the 14 isolates, MK-11 was found to have antibacterial activity against S. iniae, S. parauberis, V. anguillarum Particularly, S. iniae was susceptibility with the MIC value of $250{\mu}g/ml$. The biochemical and physio-chemical results reveal that MK-11 had the sugar-alcohol disassemble ability of the D-sorbitol and D-mannitol. Also the utilization of the yeast extract, sorbitol and di-potassium phosphate were noted to be high. The optimum culture condition such as pH and temperature was recorded as pH 6.0, $25^{\circ}C$ and along with 1% NaCl which differs from the previous reports particularly in nutrient resolutions. As results of the analysis of 16S rDNA sequences, MK-11 show the high similarity with Paenibacillus polymyxa, P. jamilae, P. brasilensis 99.78%, 99.43%, 99.39%, repectively. Hence, in the present study, the isolated Paemibacillus sp. MK-11 from Jeju seawater possesses the antibacterial activity against fish pathogens and it could be used as a new antibiotic agents against the gram positive fish pathogens.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.14-22
• /
• 1989

Chemical composition of the oyster mushroom(Pleurotus spp.) at different cropping stage were analyzed. The contents of crude protein, soluble protein, reducing sugar, total sugar and crude fat in Pleurotus ostreatus 201 were a little higher than those of Pleurotus sajorcaju. The Component contents were not different from the first to the second flush, while the contents were slightly decreased from the third flush. A11 component contents were highest in $3{\sim}5cm$ pileus size, the contents were slightly decreased as pileus size increase to over $3{\sim}5cm$, except for reducing sugar. Crude fiber content in Pleurotus sajor-caju were a little more than Pleurotus ostreatus 201, and in course of increasing cropping time, ash contens of two strains were simmilar, and were decreased after the second flush. These component contents mere increased by the growth of the pileus. The sugars were identified as xylose, glucose, mannitol and trehalose in Pleurotus sajor-caju, and xylose, fructose, glucose, mannitol and trehalose in Pleurotus ostreatus 201, respectively. Mannitol and trehalose contents in Pleurotus sajor-caju were a little more than that in Pleurotus ostreatus 201. Glucose content of Pleurotus sajor-caju and Pleurotus ostreatus 201 was highest in $1{\sim}3cm$ pileus size, while other sugars in $3{\sim}5cm$ pileus size, and the sugar contents were decreased at over the above size of the pileus.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.44 no.3
• /
• pp.379-385
• /
• 2015

The nutritional components of astringent persimmons according to growing region (five different regions) and cultivar (Daebong and Bansi) were analyzed. The analyzed nutritional components were proximate compositions, insoluble and soluble dietary fibers, vitamin C, carotenes (${\beta}$-carotene and lycopene), free sugars (glucose, fructose, and sucrose), sugar alcohols (xylitol, sorbitol, and mannitol), minerals (Na, Mg, K, Ca, Mn, Fe, and Zn), organic acids (tartaric acid, malic acid, citric acid, and succinic acid), tannic acid, total phenolic compounds, and flavonoids. Daebong and Bansi, which are representative cultivars of astringent persimmons grown in Korea, exhibited significant differences in nutritional components. Insoluble dietary fibers, ${\beta}$-carotene, fructose, sucrose, mannitol, potassium, malic acid, succinic acid, and total phenolic compounds were present at higher levels in Daebong as compared to Bansi. On the other hand, Bansi was rich in moisture, crude protein, vitamin C, Ca, Mn, tartaric acid, and flavonoids. Nutritional components were highly influenced by growing region. Daebong grown in region A was greater in ${\beta}$-carotene, sorbitol, mannitol, zinc, and total phenolic compounds among the all other tested persimmons grown in five different regions. The crude protein, Na, Ca, Mn, tartaric acid, and flavonoids were highest in Bansi grown in E region.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.322-327
• /
• 1984

As a basic studies for the laboratory scale production of alfalfa inoculum, Rhizobium meliloti M14 was characterized for its carbon and nitrogen sources, and some parameters for broth cultivation in a chemostat were studied by semi-continuous operation. The result s obtained were as follows. 1. Growth rate of the strain was increased by disaccharides than by monosaccharides tested, and pentoses resulted in poor growth than hexoses. Sugar alcohols including inositol supported the best growth among sugars. 2. Mannitol in the yeast-mannitol-broth was substituted by natural carbon sources such as malt extract or molasses. 3. Ten per cent of fresh yeast water appeared to supply enough amount of growth factor s for the strain, and the effect was equivalent to 0.24 percent of the commercial yeast extract powder. 4. Batch growth of the stain in a chemostat, New Brunswick Micro Ferm 28L, reached in the early stationary growth phase of $5{\sim}7{\times}10^9cells/ml$ after 36 hours of incubation. The culture at this stage was switched to semi-continuous cultivation, and the culture broth of four-fifth of the working volume was recovered every 24 hours when the maximal count was obtained.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
• /
• 2009.11a
• /
• pp.183-185
• /
• 2009

As imaging technology develops, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques have contributed to the understanding of brain function by providing anatomical structure of the brain and functional imaging related to information processing. Manganese-enhanced MRI (MEMRI) techniques can provide useful information about functions of the nervous system. However, systematic studies regarding information processing of pain have not been conducted. The purpose of this study was to detect brain activation during painful electrical stimulation using MEMRI with high spatial resolution. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (250-300 g) were divided into 3 groups: normal control, sham stimulation, and electric stimulation. Rats were anesthetized with 2.5% isoflurane for surgery. Polyethylene catheter (PE-10) was placed in the external carotid artery to administrate mannitol and MnCl2. The blood brain barrier (BBB) was broken by 20% D-mannitol under anesthesia mixed with urethane and a-chloralose. The hind limb was electrically stimulated with a 2Hz (10V) frequency while MnCl2 was infused. Brain activation induced by electrical stimulation was detected using a 4.7 T MRI. Remarkable signal enhancement was observed in the primary sensory that corresponds to sensory tactile stimulation at the hind limb region. These results suggest that signal enhancement is related to functional activation following electrical stimulation of the peripheral receptive field.