• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.02b
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• pp.405-410
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• 2008

There is always a rhythm in our language and speech. As soon as we speech out, even just simple words and voice we make are edited as various emotions and information. Through this process we succeed or fail in our communication, and it becomes a fun communication or a monotonous delivery. Even with the same music, impression of the play can be different according to each musician' s emotion and their understanding. We 'play' our language in the same way as that. However, I think, people are used to the variety, which is, in fact, the variation of a set format covered with hollow variety. People might have been living loosing or limiting their own creative way to express themselves by that hollow variety. SPACIAL POEM started from this point. This is a new type of 'real-time visual interaction' expressing our own creative narrative as real-time visual by playing a musical instrument which is an emotional human behavior. Producing many kinds of sound by playing musical instruments is the same behavior with which we express our emotions through. There are sensors on each hole on the surface of the musical instrument. When you play it, sensors recognize that you have covered the holes. All sensors are connected to a keyboard, which means your playing behavior becomes a typing action on the keyboard. And I programmed the visual of your words to spread out in a virtual 3D space when you play the musical instrument. The behavior when you blow the instrument, to make sounds, changes into the energy that makes you walk ahead continuously in a virtual space. I used a microphone sensor for this. After all by playing musical instrument, we get back the emotion we forgot so far, and my voice is expressed with my own visual language in virtual space.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.683-689
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• 2000

The present study was carried out to investigate the blood markers of Thoroughbred horses (TB) The blood red cell types and blood protein types (biochemical polymorphisms) were tested from 1,125 Thoroughbred horses by serological and electrophoretic procedures, and their phenotypes, gene frequencies, heterozygosity, polymorphic information content values and exclusion probability were estimated. The blood group and biochemical polymorphism phenotypes observed with high frequency were Aaf(91.7%), Ca(94.7%), K-(94.5%), Ua(75.9%), P-(50.6%), Qabc(82.6%), ALB-BB(67.7%), GC-FF(92.7%), AIB-KK(99.6%), ES-II(77.9%), TF-DF1(23.6%), PI-LL(23.2%), HB-B2B2(73.6%), PGD-FS(45.4%) and genotypes Dcgm/dk(16.9%), Dbcm/cgm(13.6%), Dbcm/dk(11.9%), Dcegmn/cegmn(10.0%), Dcgm/cgm(8.7%) in TB. Alleles observed with high frequency were Aaf(0.796), Ca(0.769), Ddk(0.266), Dcgm(0.261), Dbcm(0.211), K-(0.972), P-(0.710), Qabc(0.565), Q-(0.368), Ua(0.509), $HB^{B2}$(0.858), $PGD^F$(0.634), $ALB^B$(0.825), $GC^F$(0.927), $AIB^K$(0.998), $ES^I$(0.881), $TF^{F1}$(0.346), $TF^D$(0.319), $TF^{F2}$(0.184), $PI^L$(0.479), $PI^N$(0.214), $PI^U$(0.116) in TB. The heterozygosity, polymorphic information content (PIC) and exclusion probability (PE) were calculated. The mean heterozygosity and PIC value were 0.3899 and 0.3375, respectively. The highest heterozygosity and PIC were estimated 0.7834 and 0.7492 in blood group D locus, respectively. The cumulated PE obtained by blood groups and biochemical polymorphisms was 0.9813.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.31-44
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• 1982

Streptococcus mutans strains were isolated from dental plaques of carious lesions of 53 patients on mitis-salivarius-bacitracin (MSB) and mitis-salivarius(MS) medium as a supplement. The epidemiological investigation was carried out to determine the biotypes and serotypes of S. mutans isolates. For the serotyping, autoclaved extract antigens from the isolates and serotype-specific antisera against seven known serotypes of S. mutans were prepared. The serotypes of the isolates were demonstrated in immunodiffusion test. In addtition, the prevalence of ${\beta}$-hemolysis on 5% sheep blood agar plate in restricted anaerobic condition and yellow pigment production on 5% sucrose agar plate in less anaerobic condition among the isolates were investigated. The results were as follows: 1. Forty-eight S. mutans strains were isolated from dental plaque samples of 33 patients (62.3%) among 53 patients. 2. Of the isolates, some strains were not grown on MSB medium. 3. Serotype c S. mutans was found in 60.6%, serotype d was found in 30.3% of the patients who were known to harbor S. mutans. 4. Of. the isolates, serotype c isolates were most prevalent (43.8%), serotype d isolates were 25.0%, and serotype b, e, f and g isolates were also found but in lower frequencies. Serotype a S. mutans were not detected. 5. The correlation between serotype and biotype of the isolates was found in 78.6% of the typing cases. 6. Strains revealed ${\beta}$-hemolysis were in 52.1% of the isolates, strains produced yellow pigment were in 47.9% of the isolates, and with one exception, all the strains were belong to serotype c, e and f. 7. The majority of the isolates which revealed ${\beta}$-hemolysis appeared to be yellow pigmented, these isolates were belong to serotype c, e and f.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.960-966
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• 2012

The diversity and composition of yeast populations may greatly impact wine quality. This study investigated the yeast microbiota in two different types of wine fermentations: direct inoculation of a commercial starter versus pied de cuve method at an industrial scale. The pied de cuve fermentation entailed growth of the commercial inoculum used in the direct inoculation fermentation for further inoculation of additional fermentations. Yeast isolates were collected from different stages of wine fermentation and identified to the species level using Wallersterin Laboratory nutrient (WLN) agar followed by analysis of the 26S rDNA D1/D2 domain. Genetic characteristics of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains were assessed by a rapid PCR-based method, relying on the amplification of interdelta sequences. A total of 412 yeast colonies were obtained from all fermentations and eight different WL morphotypes were observed. Non-Saccharomyces yeast mainly appeared in the grape must and at the early stages of wine fermentation. S. cerevisiae was the dominant yeast species using both fermentation techniques. Seven distinguishing interdelta sequence patterns were found among S. cerevisiae strains, and the inoculated commercial starter, AWRI 796, dominated all stages in both direct inoculation and pied de cuve fermentations. This study revealed that S. cerevisiae was the dominant species and an inoculated starter could dominate fermentations with the pied de cuve method under controlled conditions.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.463-467
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• 2006

Genetic profiles of Iranian Holstein young bulls at the national artificial insemination station were determined on the basis of individual genotypes at 13 ISAG's recommended microsatellites, the most useful markers of choice for parentage identification. In the present study a total of 119 individuals were genotyped at 13 microsatellite loci and for possible parent-offspring combinations. A high level of genetic variation was evident within the investigated individuals as assessed from various genetic diversity measures. The mean number of observed alleles per microsatellite marker was 9.15 and the number of effective alleles as usual was less than the observed values (4.03). The average observed and expected heterozygosity values were 0.612 and 0.898, respectively. The mean polymorphic information content (PIC) value (0.694) further reflected a high level of genetic variability. The average exclusion of probability (PE) of the 13 markers was 0.520, ranging from 0.389 to 0.788. The combined exclusion of probability was 0.999, when 13 microsatellite loci were used for analysis in the individual identification system. Inbreeding was calculated as the difference between observed and expected heterozygosity. Observed homozygosity was less than expected which reflects inbreeding of -3.7% indicating that there are genetic differences between bull-sires and bull-dams used to produce young bulls. The results obtained from this study demonstrate that the microsatellite DNA markers used in the present DNA typing are useful and sufficient for individual identification and parentage verification without accurate pedigree information.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.211-219
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• 1995

In this study of the Buddhist Stone Statues in Namsan in Kyungju. We have found out interesting facts as follow. This study is focused on the way the Buddhist Statues wear the robes. There are two basical types of wearing ; Tongkyun and Pyundanwookyun. In Silla, these types of wearing has been developed into its unique types based on the traditional culture. The stone Buddhist images show seven types of wearing based on the standard ones of Tongkyun and Pyundanwookyun. This variety in wearing rests on the various of Sungkari(Samghathi) and Bokgyenui(Samkaksika) and a chest sash which fixes Niwonsung(Nivasana). There are three cases inferred from the seven types of wearing the Buddha's robes : (1)Tonkyun type A: The only outer wear Sungkari(Samghathi) was put on as Tongkyun type. We can't find out any Bokgyenui(Samkaksika) or the chest sash of Niwonsung(Nivasana). (2)Tongkyun type B: Bokgyenui(Samkaksika) is put on the chest of Statue in Sungkari(Samghathi). (3)Tongkyun type C: This type is similar to Tonkyun type A, except that the end of the robe dangled down straight to the right side. (4)Tongkyun type D: Bokgyenui(Samkaksika) is bound with a chest sash. (5)Tongkyun type C: The robe is tied on the left shoulder as a cord and Bokgyenui(Samkaksika) is bound with a chest sash. (6)Pyundanwookyun type A: The robe dangled down from the left shoulder to the right armpit diagonally, so left shoulder is naked. (7)Pyundanwookyun type B: This type is similiar to Pyundanwookyun type A, but the end of Sungkari(Samghathi) is bound up to the left shoulder again. Considering above, the robe types of Buddha seem to have something to do with those of the Silla people: The chest sash is similar to the adjustment of Jeogori(the traditional jacket) of the Silla, and the typing cord in Buddha's robe corresponds to that of the traditional types.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.197-207
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• 2004

Identification of animals has been used with an e ar tag with dummy code and blood typing has been used for paternity and individual identification in live animals. Various genetic markers are different for breeds of pig and hence, it is necessary to identity the discrete genetic marker in korean native pig. A total of 240 pigs were used to find korean native pig population specific markers that expressed in population of korean native pigs. To identify the individual traceability, 20 animals were randomly chosen and tested for a whole process from being live to slaughter stages. The candidate genetic marker used in the study were 18 DNA microsatellites which were identified in pig genome. The number of alleles of those DNA microsatellites ranged form a minimum of 3 to maximum of 6. The heterozygote frequency rang6d from 0.44 to 0.69. Effective number of alleles for each DNA microsatellotes were 2 to 4. By choosing 6 candidate genetic markers among all, the traceability of individual identification was estimated as accurate as 99.99%(p>0.0014), nearly.

• Annals of Laboratory Medicine
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.599-603
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• 2018

Frequencies of red blood cell (RBC) blood group antigens differ by ethnicity. Since the number of immigrants is increasing in Korea, RBC antigens should be assessed in children/youths with parents of different ethnicities to ensure safe transfusions. We investigated the frequency of RBC antigens, except for ABO and RhD, in 382 children and youths with parents having Korean and non-Korean ethnicities. Subjects were divided into those with ethnically Korean parents (Korean group; N=252) and those with at least one parent of non-Korean ethnicity (non-Korean group; N=130). The 37 RBC antigens were genotyped using the ID CORE XT system (Progenika Biopharma-Grifols, Bizkaia, Spain). The frequencies of the Rh (E, C, e, $hr^S$, and $hr^B$), Duffy ($Fy^a$), MNS ($Mi^a$), and Cartwright ($Yt^b$) antigens differed significantly between the two groups. Eight and 11 subjects in the Korean and non-Korean groups, respectively, exhibited negative expression of high-frequency antigens, whereas 14 subjects in the non-Korean group showed positive expression of low-frequency antigens. The frequency of RBC antigens has altered alongside demographic changes in Korea and might lead to changes in distribution of RBC antibodies that cause acute or delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction.

• Translational and Clinical Pharmacology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.63-66
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• 2017

Allopurinol-induced severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs) such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), and drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome are reportedly associated with the $HLA-B^{\star}58:01$ genotype. Three patients who developed SCARs after allopurinol administration were subjected to HLA-B genotyping and lymphocyte activation test (LAT) to evaluate genetic risk and to detect the causative agent, respectively. All three patients given allopurinol to treat gout were diagnosed with DRESS syndrome. Symptom onset commenced 7-24 days after drug exposure; the patients took allopurinol (100-200 mg/d) for 2-30 days. HLA-B genotyping was performed using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-sequence-based typing (SBT) method. All patients had a single $HLA-B^{\star}58:01$ allele: $HLA-B^{\star}13:02/^{\star}58:01$ (a 63-year-old male), $HLA-B^{\star}48:01/^{\star}58:01$ (a 71-year-old female), and $HLA-B^{\star}44:03/^{\star}58:01$ (a 22-year-old male). Only the last patient yielded a positive LAT result, confirming that allopurinol was the causative agent. These findings suggest that patients with $HLA-B^{\star}58:01$ may develop SCARs upon allopurinol administration. Therefore, HLA-B genotyping could be helpful in preventing serious problems attributable to allopurinol treatment, although PCR-SBT HLA-B genotyping is time consuming. A simple genotyping test is required in practice. LAT may help to identify a causative agent.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.239-248
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• 2021

The emergence of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii has partly increased treatment failure and patient mortality. Class D β-lactamases is an important mechanism of resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics in this species. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the presence oxacillinase gene and genetic fingerprints of A. baumannii isolates from the intensive care unit of an Egyptian tertiary care hospital. One hundred and twenty A. baumannii clinical isolates were collected. Multiplex PCR was performed to detect genes encoding oxacillinases (OXA-23, OXA-24, OXA-51, OXA-58 and OXA-143). Molecular typing of all collected isolates was performed using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR assay. Out of 120 examined isolates, 92, 88 and 84% were resistant to ertapenem, imipenem and meropenem, respectively. The species-specific, commonly present OXA-51 gene was found in all isolates while OXA-23 showed a high prevalence of 88% of isolates. OXA-24 and OXA-143 genes were detected in 3% and 1% of isolates, respectively. No OXA-58 gene was detected. Five clusters consisting of 19 genotypes were detected using RAPD-PCR. Genotype A was the most prevalent, it was observed in 62% of the isolates followed by genotype B (12%). These results revealed that genotypes A and B are common in the hospital. Results also demonstrate that RAPD-PCR is a rapid and reliable method for studying the clonal similarity among A. baumannii isolated from different clinical specimens.