• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.11-21
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• 1977

Many in nursing look back on Nursing Research history and proudly point to the fact that emphasis in nursing research has changed from studying the nurse to studying nursing practice. In recent years, much emphasis has been placed on seeking a method of evaluating the quality of nursing care. In spite of these attempts, however, an instrument for evaluating the quality of nursing care that is actually applicable in the clinical area has not been found. The Purposes of this study are as follows: 1) To develop the instrument to be used in evaluating the quality of nursing care provided in the Neuro - Surgery Constant Care Unit of Severance Hospital 2) To evaluate the quality of nursing care in the clinical area. 3) To provide the necessary information for improvement of quality of nursing care. The instrument for evaluating the quality of nursing care, developed by the investigator, was composed of 7 nursing goals and divided into 65 standards of nursing performance. The 7 nursing goal are as follows : 1) Maintenance of airway 2) Maintenance of fluid at electrolyte balance 3) Maintenance of elimination 4) Personal hygiene 5) Optimum activity 6) Prevention of accidents 7) Emotional care The study population defined was composed of all the case (51) who were admitted in the Neuro- Surgery Constant Care Unit of Severance Hospital from May 7-13, 1976. The observation method was used and the data was subjected to the %, X²-test, T-test, F-test and Correlation. The results of tile study were as follows : 1. Levels of nursing performance regarding nursing goals. Seven different nursing care indices were constructed in terms of nursing goals. The index scores were grouped arbitrarily into ,j categories such as "excellent", "good", "moderate", "incomplete", and "poor"based upon the investigator′s personal judgement. a. The nursing index of maintaining airway showed that 78% of the patients fell within the "excellent" and 22% of the patients, fell within the "good" category. b. The nursing index of maintaining fluid & electrolyte balance showed that 95% of the patients fell within the "excellent" and 5 % of the patients fell within the "good" category. c. The nursing index of maintaining elimination showed that 100% of the patients fell within the "excellent" category. d. The nursing index of personal hygiene revealed that 49% of the patients fell within the "excellent" and 51% of the patients fell within the "good" category. e. The nursing index of optimum activity showed that 63% of the patients fell within the "excellent" and 32% of the patients fell within tile "good" and 5% of patients fell within the "moderate" category. f. The nursing index of prevention of accidents showed that 100% of the patients foil within the "excellent" category. g. The nursing index of emotional cart revealed that 27% of the patients fell within the "excellent", 24 % of the patients fell within tile "good", 29 % of the patients fell within the "incomplete" category. From these findings it is disclosed that the quality of nursing care provided in the Neuro- Surgery Constant Care Unit of Severance Hospital was excellent. h. There were statistically significant differences between the nursing index of physical care and emotional care. (t=8.73, D. F. =100. p<0.01) It is revealed that more physical care then emotional care was carried out by nurses. 2. Levels of nursing performance regarding general characteristics of the patients. No significant differences were observed statistically with the nursing indices of nursing goals according to the sex (t=0.084, D. F. =12, p>0.05). Age (F=0.1251, D. F. : 3.18. p 〉0.05), absence or presence of operating experiences (t=0.6032, D. F. =12, p〉0.05, levels of consciousness (F=0.31, D. F. :3. 18, p >0.05) 3. Relationship between the levels of consciousness and the nursing index of each nursing goal. There was negative correlation between the levels of consciousness and the nursing index of maintaining airway (r=-0. 5449, p<0.01) and personal hygiene (r= -0.4075, p<0.01) There was positive correlation between the levels of consciousness and the nursing index of optimum activity (r=0.3936, p <0.01) and emotional care (r=0.7819, p〈0.01). There was slight correlation between the levels of consciousness and the nursing index of maintaining fluid & electrolyte balance (r=-0.3418, 0.010.05) and preventing accidents (r=0.1441, p>0.05.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.369-379
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• 2016

The Sigma Level, proposed by Motorola Inc., is one of the many Process Capability Index (PCI)'s that have been presented since the 1970's. It is used to evaluate process capability and unlike other PCI's, it has an advantage in that it uses population probability distribution. However, it is originally designed for mass production and is inadequate to evaluate prototypes or early products in the R&D stages. For use in such cases, we propose an R&D target Sigma Level, derived by considering 1.5 sigma shifts in traditional sigma level from a statistical point of view. We also explain the way to find robust limits for design tolerance because the sigma level or defect probability is useful to establish economical tolerance limits at the R&D stage and mass production.

• Industry Promotion Research
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.11-19
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of economic uncertainty on business innovation. To this end, Ahir et al. (2018) World Uncertainty Index (WUI) is selected as a proxy for economic uncertainty, while total R&D investment (RD), capitalized R&D investment (RD_A), expensed R&D investment (RD_E), and the proportion of capitalized R&D investment to total R&D investment (RD_R) are selected as variables representing business innovation. The research findings showed that economic uncertainty (WUI) had a statistically significant positive (+) relationship with total research and development investment (RD), asset-based research and development investment (RD_A), and the proportion of asset-based research and development investment (RD_R). This relationship remained the same even after controlling for managerial opportunistic accounting behavior (DACC; discretionary accruals). These findings suggest that companies focus on research and development investment as an opportunity for management innovation even in the face of economic uncertainty. The results of this study are significant in demonstrating the validity and effectiveness of government support for industrial promotion under economic uncertainty.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.57-66
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• 2013

The mushrooms collected at seven areas of Mt. Chiak in 2002 and 2003 were classified to analyse the distribution and species diversity. Frequency (number of mushroom : N), number of species (S), relative species density (RSD), similarity index (C), richness index (R1), variety index (V1), evenness index (E2), and dominance index(D1) were investigated. Total N and S was 143 and 84, respectively. The RSD was 0.179 ~ 0.226 of the 7 areas. The yearly C of the total area (0.213) was 8.2%. more higher than the average C of 7 areas (0.131). The order in the coefficient of variation (CV) of the indicator for 7 areas was N (10.5%) > D1 (9.2%) > V1 (8.9%) > S (8.5%) > R1 (7.4%) > E2 (2.2%). The average R1 of the 7 areas was 5.36 with the range from 4.85 to 6.01, and 16.72 for the total area. The average V1 of the 7 areas was 16.24 with the range from 14.44 to 18.66, and 68.82 for the total area. The average E2 of the 7 areas was 0.95 with the range from 0.926 to 0.982, and 0.819 for the total area. The average D1 of the 7 areas was 0.071 with the range from 0.055 to 0.073, and 0.081 for the total area. The correlation between N and 5 kinds of diversity indicator (S, R1, V1, E2, D) was not statistically significant, but the correlation between R1, E2 and D1 was statistically significant each other.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.768-798
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• 2016

This study started from the awareness of the issue if the citation index newly introduced to evaluate the quality of papers satisfies the proper timing matter, which is a component of performance indicators for the evaluation of government-funded R&D institutes. Accordingly, the study will propose improvement ways to shift the previous evaluation system to quality evaluation for mission-oriented R&D institutes by analysing and using the periodical characteristics such as citation half-life and immediacy index of papers. As a result, it turned out that the speed of academic change is getting faster in proportion to the dependency on the technological development but that the citation speed in the field of public technology is relatively slower and the speed of knowledge transfer in the fields related to industry is faster. In addition, the citation index among the R&D fields showed no differences, and the minimum period for citation index measurement with validity should be over 6 years. The problems of evaluation for mission-oriented R&D institutes were deducted based on the technical and statistical analysis results of the temporal characteristic of citation necessary for quality evaluation of performance among R&D fields. To solve the problems, policy alternatives for object and valid quality evaluation were proposed from the points of evaluation period and evaluation criteria.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technology Innovation Society Conference
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• 한국기술혁신학회 2016년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.404-430
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• 2016

This study started from the awareness of the issue if the citation index newly introduced to evaluate the quality of papers satisfies the proper timing matter, which is a component of performance indicators for the evaluation of government-funded R&D institutes. Accordingly, the study will propose improvement ways to shift the previous evaluation system to quality evaluation for mission-oriented R&D institutes by analysing and using the periodical characteristics such as citation half-life and immediacy index of papers. As a result, it turned out that the speed of academic change is getting faster in proportion to the dependency on the technological development but that the citation speed in the field of public technology is relatively slower and the speed of knowledge transfer in the fields related to industry is faster. In addition, the citation index among the R&D fields showed no differences, and the minimum period for citation index measurement with validity should be over 6 years. The problems of evaluation for mission-oriented R&D institutes were deducted based on the technical and statistical analysis results of the temporal characteristic of citation necessary for quality evaluation of performance among R&D fields. To solve the problems, policy alternatives for object and valid quality evaluation were proposed from the points of evaluation period, evaluation criteria, and evaluation management.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.593-598
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• 1991

The effect of emulsion treatment on the separation of quick-cooking rice kernel after drying and the quality of reconstituted quick-cooking rice made of a Japonica variety were investigated. Among the several stages of emulsion treatment tested, immersion of cooked rice before drying was the most effective on the separation index. Immersion condition of 3 min at $30^{\circ}C$ was found to be the most desirable. Emulsion composed of 5% soybean oil and 0.5% sucrose fatty acid ester (HLB : 9.5) was found to be the most effective to yield the separation index of 86%. By applying the above mentioned emulsion, the separation index was improved by 30 compared with untreated one. The quality of the quick-cooking rice manufactured by the emulsion treatment was found to be as good as untreated one.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.55-73
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• 2024

Unicorn companies are attracting attention around the world as they are recognized for their high corporate value in a short period of time as an innovative business models. Their growth process presents good lessons for the startup ecosystem and have a positive impact on national economic development and job creation. However, previous studies related to unicorn companies are focused on 'event studies' and 'case studies' such as characteristics of founders, environmental factors, business models and success/failure cases of companies already recognized as unicorns rather than a multifaceted approach. The occurrence of unicorn companies and Macroscopic analysis of related factors is lacking. Against this background, this study are considering the characteristics of unicorns examined through previous research and the current status unicorns with a high proportion of technology companies, the purpose was to analyze the impact of the country's technological competitiveness, such as 'technology human resource index', 'R&D index', and 'technology infrastructure index', on the increase in unicorn companies. For statistical analysis, data published by various international organizations, the Bank of Korea, and Statistics Korea from 2017 to 2020 and unicorn company data compiled by CB Insights were used as panel data for 44 countries to be tested by multiple regression analysis. As a result of the study, it was confirmed that the number of science majors had a positive (+) effect on the increase of unicorn companies in the case of technology human resource index, and in the case of R&D index, the total amount of R&D investment had a positive (+) effect on the increase of unicorn companies, while the number of Triad Patents Families and the number of scientific and technological papers published had a negative (-) effect on the increase of unicorn companies. Finally, in the case of technology infrastructure index, it was confirmed that the number of the world's 500th-ranked universities had a positive (+) effect on the increase of unicorn companies. This study is the first to reveal the causal relationship between national technological competitiveness and unicorn company growth based on country-specific and time-series empirical data, which were insufficiently covered in previous studies. and compared to the UN's ranking of the global industrial competitiveness index and the OECD's total R&D investment by country, Korea is considered to have technological and growth potential, while the number of unicorn companies driving growth as leaders of the innovative economy is relatively small, so the research results can be used when establishing policies to discover and foster unicorn companies in the future.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.310-333
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• 2007

This paper introduces a relative comparative advantage index and a composite concentration index of university research activity in science and technology. Three hypotheses were tested regarding differences of degree of concentration based on the size of government R&D fund, location of university, and source of foundation, respectively. T-test results imply that there are significant differences of concentration based on the size of R&D fund and source of foundation, while location of university does not show a significant difference. The paper generally suggests that the lesser size of government R&D fund would lead higher level of concentration, and public funded universities tend to maintain far higher concentration ratio. The paper contributes by introducing relevant indexes for analyzing university research competence, concentration and competitiveness, and hence by proposing policy direction and implication for university competitiveness policy.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• The 5th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.608-615
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• 2013

The major countries including Korea extend the national investment on R&D and implement the business performance diffusion policy as the knowledge based competition age arrives recently. The necessity for risk management and systematic management system for R&D achievement have been appeared to prevent the failure as the R&D scale becomes larger as it was said. For this matter, the organization such as NASA and DoD in USA defines the Technology Readiness Level (TRL) as a quantitative accomplishment management index and utilize the Technology Readiness Assessment (TRA) system as a criterion. Such tool is evaluated as very effective in the R&D project purposed the practicalization. It is expected that the disadvantage of evaluation system which is oriented to the academic accomplishment in its contents of current research and to contribute greatly to the practicalization of outcomes when such technology readiness level concept is applied to Korean national construction and transportation R&D project. Accordingly, this study analyzed the concept of TRL·TRA, the characteristics and current evaluation management system of Korean national construction and transportation R&D project and suggested the construction and transportation R&D project TRL·TRA performance model to accomplish the practicalization purpose.