• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.670-677
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• 2020

To prevent contamination by Campylobacter jejuni during chicken carcass processing, the effect of emulsifiers on C. jejuni inoculated on chicken skin was investigated using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Among the 8 emulsifiers (SWA-10D, L-7D, M-7D, S-1670, L-1695, P-1670, polysorbate 20, polysorbate 80) tested for antimicrobial activity by the paper disk method, 4 emulsifiers (L-7D, L-1695, polysorbate 20, polysorbate 80) were screened further. Emulsifier L-1695 showed the largest clear zone at a concentration of 200 mg/mL. The 4 emulsifiers subjected to primary screening were screened for heat and pH stability. In the contact surface test, emulsifier L-1695 showed the lowest log CFU/㎠ value on both stainless steel and ceramic surfaces. When emulsifier L-1695 was applied via general and electrostatic spray methods, the number of C. jejuni entrapped inside chicken skin follicles was significantly reduced in both methods. In conclusion, the emulsifier L-1695 could be employed as a microbial detachment agent in the chicken carcass processing industry.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics D
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• v.35D no.10
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• pp.67-75
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• 1998

This paper examined the geometrical variables of microstrip to control the characteristic impedance of MCM interconnect and also with respect to the practical requirements, evaluated the critical lengths for attenuation, propagation delay, and crosstalk at 500 MHz frequency compared to at 50 MHz frequency. With the illustration of each MCM-L and MCM-D interconnect having 50 characteristic impedance, it was revealed that the most important geometrical variables to control the characteristic impedance of microstrip are eventually dielectric thickness and line width. In particular, the dielectric thickness of MCM-D interconnect must be controlled with tolerance below 2 m. It is clear that the attenuation does not give rise to signal distortion in the range of up to 500MHz frequency for both MCM-L and MCM-D interconnects. However, the propagation delay is so significant that both MCM-L and MCM-D interconnects should be matched with load at the 500 MHz frequency. For the MCM-D interconnect, the crosstalk voltage would not be high to generate the wrong signal on the neighboring line at 500 MHz frequency, but the MCM-L interconnect could not be used due to severe crosstalk. Eventually, it is clear that the transmission line behavior must be studied for the design of MCM substrate at the 500 MHz frequency.

• Journal of Korea Planning Association
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.33-45
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• 2019

The Legal Floor Area Ratio (L-FAR) has been used as a major urban planning tool for efficient management of land use, landscape, and density. The Developed Floor Area Ratio (D-FAR) in each parcel is realized by such physical and institutional factors as urban tissue, local characteristics, and zoning with the L-FAR. The Achieved Floor Area Ratio (A-FAR), the ratio of the D-FAR to the L-FAR, is the relationship between realized density and the intended/desired outcomes of the regulations. The A-FAR informs the efficiency of L-FAR and its effect on parcels, and is an indicator of the demands of real estate developments under the zoning regulation. This study used detailed data of each parcel's characteristics, including parcel size, road width, and the number of roads bordered by a parcel, to identify the influencing factors on A-FAR. This analysis confirmed that the parcel size has a non-linear negative effect in the residential zone but a linear positive effect on A-FAR in the commercial zone. The width of the parcel's frontage in the commercial zone has a positive effect on the value, while in the residential zone the narrower width has higher A-FAR. In Seoul, the residential zone has higher A-FAR than the commercial zone, which means that the former has a relatively higher development pressure but a lower designated L-FAR. This result reflects that Seoul's residential zone absorbs the demand of commercial uses because of the significant permitting of mixed land use and has high-density residential buildings.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.12
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• pp.1599-1608
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• 2008

This study aimed to assess the health status based on the anthropometric and biochemical measurements of middle-aged and elderly people living in Andong area. The subjects were 1,384 people (532 males, 852 females) aged 50 years and over (average 62.7 years). The mean anthropometric values for males and females were heights of 163.7 and 151.5 cm; weights 63.6 and 57.3 kg; body mass index (BMI) 23.6 and $24.9kg/m^2$; body fat 21.8 and 31.8%, respectively. Height and weight were lower, however, waist circumference (in female) and BMI were higher than those of the 2001 National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHNS). Obesity incidences of male and female subjects were 28.7% and 47.3% by BMI; 25.8% and 50.8% by % body fat; and 15.6% and 80.9% by waist circumference, respectively. Also, abdominal adiposity was very severe in female subjects of 50s. The mean biochemical measurements of male and female were as follows: systolic and diastolic blood pressure 136.9, 83.8 mmHg and 133.6, 82.5 mmHg; hemoglobin (Hb) 14.3 and 13.0 g/dL; hematocrit (Ht) 44.7 and 39.8%; blood albumin 4.15 and 4.04 g/dL; total-cholesterol 170.0 and 183.1 mg/dL; HDL-cholesterol 43.6 and 42.7 mg/dL; fasting blood glucose 96.7 and 93.0 mg/dL, respectively. Also, the prevalence of biochemically abnormal subjects according to each cut-off point of biochemical measurements were analyzed. The results for male and female were; hypertension 58.0% and 47.2%; iron deficient anemia 19.3% and 20.6% by Hb, 7.2% and 11.9% by Ht; hypoalbuminemia 9.8% and 11.7%; diabetes 12.0% and 10.2%; hypercholesterolemia 19.5% and 30.5%, respectively. From those results we found that hypoalbuminemia, hypertension and hypercholesterolemia were prevalent, and obesity in females of 50s, iron-deficient anemia and diabetes in males of 70 years and over were significant health problems in this area. Therefore, it seems to be necessary to examine their health status periodically and provide the appropriate health and nutrition education program, which includes low sodium intake, balanced diet, exercise and weight control, to prevent the occurrence of chronic diseases.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.37 no.9
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• pp.542-549
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• 2015

The bioelectrochemical anaerobic digestion for sewage sludge was attempted at different applied voltages ranged from 0.2 V to 0.4 V. At 0.3 V of the applied voltage, pH and VFAs were at 7.32 and 760 mg COD/L, respectively, which were quite stable. The methane production rate was $1.32L\;CH_4/L.d$, and the methane content in biogas was 73.8%, indicating that the performance of the bioelectrochemical anaerobic digestion could be considerably improved by applying a low voltage. At 0.4 V of the applied voltage, however, the contents of the minor VFA components including formic acid and propionic acid were increased. The methane production rate was reduced to $1.24L\;CH_4/L.d$ and the biogas methane content was also reduced to 72.4%. At 0.2 V of the applied voltage, the pH was decreased to 6.3, and VFAs was accumulated to 5,684 mg COD/L. The contents of propionic acid and butyric acid in the VFAs were considerably increased, The performances in terms of the methane production rate and the biogas methane content were deteriorated. The poor performance of the bioelectrochemical reactor at 0.2 V of the applied voltage was ascribed to the thermodynamic potential lack for the driving of the carbon dioxide reduction into methane at cathode.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.85-98
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• 1995

Six malformin B's produced by Aspergillus niger van Tiegh. were separated by HPLC. Their structures determined by the methods of amino acid analyses, mass spectrometry, and two-dimensional NMR were revealed as cyclic pentapeptides structurally related to malformin $A_1$. Both the NMR and MS/MS data suggest that the respective structures of separated malformin B's were as follows; cyclo-D-Cys-D-Cys-L-Val-D-Leu-L-allo-Ile for $B_{1a}$, cyclo-D-Cys-D-Cys-L-Val-D-Leu-L-Leu for $B_{1b}$, cyclo-D-Cys-D-Cys-L-Val-D-Val-L-Leu for $B_2$, cyclo-D-Cys-D-Cys-L-Val-D-Ile-L-Leu for $B_3$, cyclo-D-Cys-D-Cys-L-Val-D-Ile-L-Ile for $B_4$, and cyclo-D-Cys-D-Cys-L-Val-D-Val-L-Ile for $B_5$. Among the malformin B's, the structure of $B_{1b}$ was the same as that of malformin $A_3$ or C. All the malformin B's showed physiological activities in the two assay systems using corn(Zea mays L.) roots and mung bean(Phaseolus aureus Roxb.) hypercotyl segments. The malformin B's with molecular weight 529 were more effective for inducing corn root curvature than those with molecular weight 515. The difference in molecular weight of malformin B's, i.e., the retention time on HPLC, results in the polarity change of the whole malformin molecule which affects the revealation of the malformin activities. In addition, the disulfide form of the malformin B's gives the rigidity of the molecule, whereas the combination of the fourth and the fifth amino acid residues provides the optimal three-dimensional configuration to the malformin receptor of plants. Presumably, these two factors are appeared to be essential for the greatest physiological activity of malformin B's. malformin $B_{1a}$ caused the corn root curvature by 90% at a concentration of $0.25{\mu}M$. However, such differential activities with molecular weight of 529 or 515 of malformin B's were not found in the mung bean hypercotyl segment test. Maximum stimulation of mung bean hypercotyl growth was observed at $0.1{\mu}M$ concentration of malformin B's. The growth of the segments treated with $B_5$ was 154% greater than that of the control.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.219-229
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• 2016

This study presents the analysis of flood and bed deformation caused by reservoir failure. The CCHE1D is used to simulate 1D non-uniform, non-equilibrium sediment transport and bed deformation. The CCHE1D deals with the adaptation length for non-equilibrium sediment, classified sediment particle for non-uniform sediment and mixing layer for the exchange with the sediment moving with the flow. The model is applied to Ha!Ha! river basin where was experienced reservoir failure in 1996 to analyze non-uniform and non-equilibrium sediment transport. The calculations are compared with morphological bed changes of pre- and post-flood. In addition, model sensitivity to main parameters involving adaptation length ($L_{s,b}$), non-equilibrium coefficient (${\alpha}_s$), mixing layer thickness (${\delta}_m$) and porosity (p') is analyzed. The results indicates that thalweg change is the most sensitive to non-equilibrium coefficient (${\alpha}_s$) among those parameters in the study area.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.12
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• pp.1583-1588
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• 2008

The purpose of this work was to study the relationships between dietary intake and serum lipid profile in 293 adult subjects (mean age: $45.9{\pm}0.7$, men: 163, women: 130) who visited health promotion center. The anthropometric and biochemical blood indices were measured, and nutritional intakes were assessed using a food frequency questionnaire method. The subjects were divided by three groups in accordance with a standard for treating hyperlipidemia; those who had blood cholesterol levels above 240 mL/dL or triglyceride levels above 200 mL/dL were put into the risk group (Risk), while those with blood cholesterol levels below 200 mL/dL and triglyceride levels below 150 mL/dL were put into the control group (Control). Subjects who were between the two groups in terms of blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels were put into the borderline group (Borderline). Risk group showed significantly higher body mass index, body weight, waist circumference, and fat content compared to control group. The levels of calorie, carbohydrate, fat, and protein intake were significantly higher in the risk group than control group. There were significantly positive correlations between dietary calorie, carbohydrate, fat, and protein intake and blood triglyceride concentration. The blood HDL-cholesterol concentration had negative correlation with carbohydrate intake. These results suggested that overeating may be one of important factors affecting hyperlipidemia in Korean adults.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.50-56
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• 2019

This study examined the relationship between the serum GGT (gamma-glutamyl transferase) and uric acid level in obese male adults. A total of 14,283 adult males aged 20 years or more, who visited the health examination center of Gyeonggi Regional General Hospital from January 2017 to August 2018 and underwent a physical examination, were enrolled in this study. The obesity criteria were defined by the Asia-Pacific regional standards. Abdominal obesity was defined as a male waist circumference of more than 90 cm. An increase in the serum uric acid and serum CGT levels of the male subjects was defined as 7.0 mg/dL or more and 56 IU/L or more, respectively. The results showed that the serum GGT and uric acid levels were higher in the overweight and obese groups than in the normal weight group. In the obese group, the serum GGT and uric acid were significantly higher in the patients with abdominal obesity. On the other hand, there was no difference compared to the low body weight group. The overweight and obesity groups showed a higher risk of elevated serum GGT and hyperuricemia than the normal weight group, but a low body weight did not affect the serum GGT elevation and hyperuricemia. Overall, the serum GGT and uric acid levels are useful for evaluating overweight and obesity in adult males.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.692-698
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• 2010

This study investigated anti-diabetic activity of Kocat-D1, which is a currently used traditional medicine for treatment of diabetes in Shandong, China. Insulin sensitizing activity was observed in a cell-based glucose uptake assay using 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The treatment of 0.2 mg/mL of hot water extract of Kocat-D1 with 0.2 nM insulin was associated with a significant increasing in glucose uptake ($165.0{\pm}0.7%$) over the treatment of 0.2 nM insulin. C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice (8 weeks of age) were separated into 3 groups: normal control (control, db/+ mice untreated), diabetic control (DM control, db/db mice untreated), Kocat-D1 (db/db mice treated with Kocat-D1 extract 350 mg/kg/day). After 16 weeks of treatment, body weight and total diet intake of Kocat-D1 group were significantly lower than DM control groups. Blood glucose levels of the Kocat-D1 group ($14.7{\pm}1.4\;mmol/L$) were significantly lower compared to the DM control group ($27.1{\pm}0.2\;mmol/L$). Furthermore, insulin level was significantly increased in the Kocat-D1 group ($0.17{\pm}0.02\;ng/mL$) compared with the DM control group ($0.05{\pm}0.02\;ng/mL$). The glomeruli in kidney was stained using periodic acid-shiff base (PAS) for confirming collagen accumulation. The glomeruli in kidney of Kocat-D1 group had significantly reduced PAS-positive compared with that of DM control.