• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.60 no.1
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• pp.149-160
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• 2023

Let 𝖆 and 𝖇 be ideals of a commutative Noetherian ring R and M a finitely generated R-module of finite dimension d > 0. In this paper, we obtain some results about the annihilators and attached primes of top local cohomology and top formal local cohomology modules. In particular, we determine Ann(𝖇 H^d_𝖆(M)), Att(𝖇 H^d_𝖆(M)), Ann(𝖇𝔉^d_𝖆(M)) and Att(𝖇𝔉^d_𝖆(M)).

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.177-183
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• 2004

In order to develop new anti-photoaging agents, we examined the antioxidative activity and the inhibition effect of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) on the extracts of a marine product, Zostera marina L., which is known for its potent activity. Three compounds (compounds 1, 2, and 3) were isolated from an ethyl acetate (EtOAc) soluble fraction of the product; they were identified as apigenin-7 -O-$\beta$-D-glucoside (1), chrysoeriol (2), and luteolin (3). These compounds were found to scavenge radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and were measured to have $SC_{50}$/ values of 0.18 mM, 0.68 mM, and 0.01 mM against the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and 0.04 mM, 0.03 mM, and 0.01 mM against the superoxide radical in the xanthine/xanthine oxidase system, respectively. Compound 3 suppressed the expression of MMP-1 by up to 44％ at 4.0 $\mu$M and inhibited the production of interleukin 6 (IL-6), which is known as a cytokine that induces MMP-1 expression. From these results, compound 3 and the other compounds were determined to have antioxidative activity and to inhibit MMP-1 expression. Thus, the three compounds are expected to be useful for preventing the photoaging of skin.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.368-368
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• 2012

부사호는 당초 유역면적이 $288km^2$로 이 중에서 상류 유역에 건설된 보령댐 유역면적 $163.6km^2$(57%)가 제외됨에 따라 부사호로 유입량이 급격히 줄어들어 약간의 가뭄에도 수질악화가 반복되고 있다. 부사호의 합리적인 용수 수급 관리를 위해 정확한 부사호 유입량의 추정은 절실하다. 부사호 유입량은 보령호 방류량과 부사호 지류 유역 유입량으로 구성되며, 보령호 방류량은 소수력 발전용수, 관개용수, 하천유지용수, 홍수조절 방류량, 월류량으로 구성된다. 부사호 지류 유역으로부터 자연유량에서 하천에서 취수한 공업용수를 공급하고, 웅천읍의 생활용수 $1,164m^3$/일로부터 회귀수가 유입되고, 보령댐 수혜답 1039.5 ha에 관개용수를 공급하고 회귀수가 유입되고, 부사호에서 양수하여 공급한 부사 유역 수혜답 1,141 ha의 회귀수가 유입되고, 6개 저수지 수혜답 396.5 ha의 회귀수가 유입되는 등 지류 유입량의 구성은 매우 복잡하다. 하천에서 취수하여 공급하는 공업용수는 서해화력 5천 $m^3$/일, 보령화력 15천 $m^3$/일로 구성된다. ONE (One parameter New Exponential) 모형을 근간으로 유입량 모형을 구성하였고, 보령댐 자료로 매개변수를 결정하여, 1966~2011년의 부사호 일 유입량을 모의한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 유역면적 $124.4km^2$인 부사호의 지류 유입량과 보령댐 방류량을 고려한 부사호 유입량 자료로부터 유황을 분석한 결과는 연평균하여 풍수량은 2.1 mm/d, $3.083m^3/s$, 평수량은 0.89mm/d, $1.280m^3/s$, 저수량은 0.48 mm/d, $0.695m^3/s$, 갈수량은 0.30 mm/d, $0.428m^3/s$였으며, 연 유입량은 127.23백만 $m^3$에 이르렀다. 둘째, 유역면적 $288km^2$인 보령호 유역의 포함한 부사호의 자연 유입량 자료로부터 즉 보령댐이 없는 경우 유황을 분석한 결과는 연평균하여 풍수량은 1.4 mm/d, $4.599m^3/s$, 평수량은 0.51 mm/d, $1.689m^3/s$, 저수량은 0.20 mm/d, $0.664m^3/s$, 갈수량은 0.06 mm/d, $0.204m^3/s$, 연 유입량은 197.00백만 $m^3$에 이르렀다. 셋째, 보령호가 있는 경우와 없는 경우 유황을 비교하면 있는 경우에서 부사호의 유입량은 고수위의 유량은 감소하고, 저수위의 유량은 증가하는 전형적 상류에 위치한 댐의 저류효과 영향을 여실히 나타내고 있었다. 넷째, 한국하천 유황곡선식에 의한 유역면적 $288km^2$인 부사호 유입량의 풍수량은 1.29 mm/d, $4.292m^3/s$, 평수량은 0.59 mm/d, $1.964m^3/s$, 저수량은 0.33 mm/d, $1.093m^3/s$, 갈수량은 0.13mm/d, $0.424m^3$이르렀다. 결론하면, 보령댐이 있는 경우 연 유입량은 70백만 $m^3$ 감소하였으나, 평갈수기 유입량은 증가하였다.

• BMB Reports
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.459-466
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• 2007

The cDNA sequence of the Japanese flounder (Paralychthys olivaceus) IgD has been previously reported (GenBank accession no. AB052658) and this was followed by the detection of IgD mRNA expression in some flounder organ tissues. However, it has not been determined whether the flounder IgD gene is virtually expressed into IgD protein. To characterize the flounder immunoglobulins utilized in elucidating the mechanism, evolution and diversity of the flounder immune system, antibodies specific to IgD and IgM were necessary. In the present study, partial flounder recombinant IgD (rIgD), IgM (rIgM) and the conserved regions of IgD and IgM (rCIg) were produced by cloning the cDNA sequence using isotype specific primers which were designed to produce unique fragments of IgD and IgM specific amino acid sequences. The production of recombinant Igs was ascertained by SDS-gel electrophoresis and immunoblot analysis using anti-T7$\cdot}$Taq antibody. The produced recombinant Igs were purified using affinity columns, and used as immunogens. Antibodies specific to the isotype of flounder Igs were generated by immunizing rabbits with rfIgs and the antibodies produced were identified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunoblotting. Specificities of the generated antibodies were evaluated by testing cross-reactivity between recombinant IgM and IgD. By ELISA, rabbit antibodies against the rfIgD fragment (anti-rfIgD) failed to recognize any kind of flounder serum Igs, whereas respective antibodies against rfCIg (anti-rfCIg) and rfIgM fragments (anti-rfIgM) reacted with serum Igs. Likewise, in immunoblot assays, though anti-rfIgD did not, both anti-rfCIg and anti-rfIgM bound with the ~85 kd flounder IgM heavy chain. By flow cytometry analysis, anti-rfCIg, anti-rfIgD and anti-rfIgM reacted with 6%, 3% and 6.5% of cells, respectively, suggesting that flounder IgD is not secreted in serum but expressed on flounder B-like cell surfaces as in mammals. Antibodies produced against recombinant flounder Igs could be used to develop sandwich assay systems for detecting flounder Igs and for further investigating the flounder immune system.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.31-37
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• 2016

PURPOSES : The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of the quiet pavement on reducing a barrier height by using a prediction tool called SoundPLAN. METHODS : Firstly, the prediction was carried out to evaluate the difference in the maximum noise level at a building facade between the normal and the quiet pavements without a barrier. After calculating the noise reduction effect by the quiet pavement, a comparable barrier height to obtain the same noise reduction effect with it was predicted according to designable factors including road-building distance(10 m, 20 m, 40 m) and road-barrier distance(5 m, 10 m, 20 m, 30 m). RESULTS : The result showed that within the considered designable factors, the maximum barrier height was 37 m, 52 m, and 55 m to have the same noise reduction effect by the quiet pavement reducing 1 dBA, 3 dBA, and 5 dBA, respectively. It was evaluated that the barrier height increased with the increase of the road-building and road-barrier distances. To simulate the real situation in urban areas and to evaluate the combined effect of the normal/quiet pavement and barrier, the barrier height was fixed as 6 m. It was predicted that the noise level would reduce to as low as 0.2 dBA by the combination of normal pavement and barrier. On the other hand, the combination of the quiet pavement and barrier reduced 1.2 dBA, 3.2 dBA, and 5.2 dBA, respectively, for quiet pavement reducing 1 dBA, 3 dBA, and 5 dBA. CONCLUSIONS : A guideline needs to be suggested to select appropriate noise abatement schemes by considering factors such as the roadbuilding and road-barrier distances.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.11 no.7
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• pp.1186-1193
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• 2000

In this paper, the system performance with the selection diversity, which is applied to the FH/MFSK system in Nakagami fading channel, is analyzed. The deletion probability is derived from the received signal to noise ratio(SNR) after selection combining and the parameters such as the number of users(M), SNR, Nakagami fading figure(m), and the number of diversity branches(D) is used for the performance analysis of the FH/MFSK system. Assuming that m set 1, it is observed that the bit error rate(BER) is 1.0$\times$$10^{-3}$ and 1.0$\times$$10^{-4}$ at D =1(no diversity) and D=2, respectively, and then is decreased by 10 times. Assuming that m set 2, it is also shown that the BER has a constant value although D is increased. In the case of D=2, the system capacity is more 75% and 20% than that considering no diversity at SNR=15 dB and 25 dB, respectively.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.29 no.3 s.74
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• pp.383-397
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• 1999

Bone is a dynamic tissue which is constantly remodelled by subsequent cycles of bone resorption and formation. Glucocorticoid and vitamine $D_3$ are known as regulating substances in bone metabolism. In vitro experiments using bone tissue, it was suggested that glucocorticoid inhibits bone resorption, whereas the effect of glucocorticoid on bone formation are complex- increasing or decreasing effect. The active form of vitamin $D_3$, 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol[1.25-$(OH)_2D_3$], has been reported to stimulate osteoblastic activities including the production of ALP, type I collagen, and osteoclacin. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of admixture of vitamin $D_3$ and dexamethasone, one of glucocorticoids, on osteoblastic cell line(MC3T3-E1). Alkaline phosphatase(ALP) and MTT assay were conducted in the cultivated cells with 1, 10, 100nM/ml of 1,25-$(OH)_2D_3$ and/or 10nM/ml, 100nM/ml, $1{\mu}M/ml$ of dexamethasone. The observed results were as follows. 1. The activity of osteoblastic cells with $1{\mu}M/ml$ of dexamethasone was significantly increased at 1-day cultivation with comparison to control group, but was decreased afterwards. But the activity of ALP was greatest in $1{\mu}M/ml$ of dexamethasone and increased with time lapsed. 2. The activity of osteoblastic cells with vitamin $D_3$ was significantly increased dose-dependently at 1-day cultivation, but was significantly decreased in l00nM/.ml at 2-day cultivation, and was a little increased again at 3-day cultivation. The activity of ALP was increased in 10nM/ml or 100nM/ml at 2-day or 3-day cultivation, and was greatest in 100nM/ml at 3-day cultivation. 3. In case of admixture of dexamethasone and vitamin $D_3$, the cellular activity was decreased in any concentration of vitamin $D_3$ at 2-day cultivation, but was increased again at 3-day cultivation, which was greater than that in control or dexamethasone only group. The activity of ALP was decreased at 1-day cultivation, but was increased in the admixture of 10nM/ml or 100nM/ml of dexamethasone with 100nM/ml of vitamin $D_3$ at 2-day cultivation, and was again decreased at 3-day cultivation.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.66-71
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• 2003

This study was carried out to obtain basic data for selecting the applicable crops in reclaimed land and to provide guidelines for the rotation between paddy and upland cropping. Field experiment was conducted with six summer crops(garland chrysanthemum, young radish, small radish, kale, lettuce, red lettuce) at Dae-Ho reclaimed experiment plots in Dangjin province. Dry weights and plant heights of harvested crops were measured and soil chemical properties were analyzed. Plant height and dry weight decreased significantly with increasing soil saturation paste extract electrical conductivity(ECe) and sodium adsorption ratio(SAR). The threshold ECe of salt inhibition for six crops was less than $1dS\;m^{-1}$ for young radish and kale, greater than $4dS\;m^{-1}$ for garland chrysanthemum, and greater than $6dS\;m^{-1}$ for small radish, lettuce, and red lettuce. At higher ECe that inhibits crop growth, with every increase in $1dS\;m^{-1}$, dry weight index decreased by 3.35 for kale, 3.92 for small radish, 3.98 for young radish, 4.66 for lettuce, 7.57 for garland chrysanthemum, and 8.45% for red lettuce, respectively. The ECe causing 50% reduction of dry weight index was $18.9dS\;m^{-1}$ for small radish, $17.3dS\;m^{-1}$ for lettuce, $15.4dS\;m^{-1}$ for kale, $12.0dS\;m^{-1}$ for red lettuce, $11.3dS\;m^{-1}$ for young radish, and $11.0dS\;m^{-1}$ for garland chrysanthemum. Among the tested 6 summer crops through field experiment and in-situ survey, kale was proved to be a favorable vegetable crop at reclaimed tidal land.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.37-41
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• 1982

This study was conducted to investigate the growth of soybean sprouts and the effective hormonal refutation of vitamin C content by the concentration and combination of kinetin and auxins such as IAA, 2.4-D and NAA. The results were as follows; 1. The growth of soybean sprouts were fine under the respective conditions of kinetin $10^{-8}M+IAA\;10^{-6}M$, kinetin $10^{-7}M+IAA\;10^{-5}M$, kinetin $10^{-6}M+IAA\;10^{-6}M$, kinetin $10^{-5}M+IAA\;10^{-7}M$, kinetin $10^{-8}M+2,4-D\;10^{-8}M$ and kinetin $10^{-7}M+NAA\;10^{-5}M$. 2. The root development of soybean sprouts were almost in accord with the growth of soybean sprouts by the concentration of kinetin and auxin. 3. The content of vitamin C were more increased under in kinetin $10^{-8}M+IAA\;10^{-8}M$, kinetin $10^{-6}M+2,4-D\;10^{-5}M$ and kinetin $10^{-8}M+NAA\;10^{-8}M$ and both growth and vitamin C content were more activated under kinetin $10^{-8}M+IAA\;10^{-6}M$ and $10^{-8}M+NAA\;10^{-8}M$. 4. The growth, root development and vitamin C content were increased in the low kinetin and high IAA, NAA concentration. Root development and vitamin C content of soybean hypocotyl were decreased in the low kinetin and high 2,4-D concentration.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.313-321
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• 1998

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of equilibration and dilution methods on the survival rate of vitrified IVM-IVF bovine blastocysts. Vitrification solution was composed with 20% glycerol, 20% ethylene glycol, 3/8 M sucrose and 3/8 M dextrose in D-PBS supplemented with 20% FBS (GESD). Embryos were equilibrated in 1 of 3 methods: 3-step (El), 2-step (E2), or 1-step (E3), and after loading into 0.25-ml straws, were plunged into liquid nitrogen. After warming in water bath at 2$0^{\circ}C$, cryoprotectants were diluted in 1 of 3 methods: 1) D1(VS+1/2 M sucrose, 1/2 M sucrose and l/4 M sucrose), 2) D2 (1/2 M sucrose and 1/4 M sucrose), or 3) D3(1/2 M sucrose only). All procedures except warming were conducted at room temperature. Survival and hatching rates of blastocysts and expanded blastocysts following equilibration methods were 50 and 83.6%, and 27.8 and 67.3%, respectively in El, which were significantly higher (P〈0.01) than those of E2 (16.7 and 23.2%, and 7.4 and 12.5%, respectively) and 23 (0 and 3.7%, and 0 and 0%, respectively). Survival and hatching rates of expanded blastocysts were significantly (P〈0.01) higher than those of blastocysts in El. Survival rates of blastocysts and expanded blastocysts following dilution methods were 52% and 80.6% in D2, which were significantly higher (P〈0.05) than those of D1 (29.6 and 48.3%) and D3 (47.2 and 63.8%). Hatching rates of blastocysts were similar in D1, D2 and D3, however in expanded blastocysts, that of D2(61.3%) was significantly higher (P〈0.01) than that of D1(34.5%). Survival rates of expanded blastocysts in D1 and D2, and hatching rates in D2 and D3 were significantly higher(P〈0.01) than those of blastocysts. These results indicate that the viability of vitrified blastocysts was improved by the several steps of equilibration, and by 2-steps dilution after warming, independently of their stage of development. The results also indicated that the expanded blastocysts are more profitable to vitrification than blastocysts.