• KSBB Journal
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.230-237
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• 2013

Amyloid ${\beta}$ peptide (A${\beta}$) still best known as a molecule to cause Alzheimer's disease (AD). AD is characterized by the accumulation and deposition of A${\beta}$ within the brain, leading to neuronal cell loss and perturbation of synaptic function by causing free radical formation, inflammation and apoptosis. We investigated the inflammatory action of A${\beta}$ on two types of brain cells, neuronal cells (SH-SY5Y) and neuroglia cells (C6), and its mechanism. We measured the production of NO-iNOS, TNF-${\alpha}$, and ICAM-1 using RT-PCR and Western blot analysis less than the concentration of cytotoxic effects (> 70% survivability). A${\beta}$ had no effect on the production of NO and TNF-${\alpha}$, but significantly increases of iNOS and ICAM-1. Based on this, we suggest that the inflammatory effect of A${\beta}$ results from the action of ICAM-1 in neuronal cells, rather than the release of inflammatory mediators such as NO and TNF-${\alpha}$ in neuroglia cells. In addition, we confirmed whether p53 was related to the action of A${\beta}$ by using SH-SY5Y ($p53^{-/-}$) dominant cells. Neither the expression of p53 nor the cytotoxicity of SH-SY5Y ($p53^{-/-}$) cells were directly affected by A${\beta}$. However, ICAM-1 was not expressed in SH-SY5Y ($p53^{-/-}$) cells. This means that p53- independent pathway exists in the expression of ICAM-1 by A${\beta}$ while p53 plays a role as an on-and-off switch.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.504-509
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• 2001

There are numerous agents with potential toxic effects on the lung. In particular, cytotoxic drugs constitute the largest and most important group of agents associated with lung toxicity. Bleomycin is commonly used, either alone or in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents, in the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma(head and neck, esophagus, and genitourinary tract), lymphoma, and germ cell tumor. One of the therapeutic advantages of bleomycin is its minimal bone marrow toxicity. However, pulmonary toxicity is one of the most serious adverse side effects. Classically, pulmonary toxicity manifests as a diffuse interstitial process or less commonly as a hypersensitivity reaction. This pulmonary toxicity is generally considered to be dose related and can progress to a fatal fibrosis. It is also possible that bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia(BOOP) is another manifestation of bleomycin induced toxicity. Bleomycin induced BOOP is less common and has a favorable response to steroid therapy. Here we present a case that demonstrates a BOOP, secondary to a relatively small cumulative dose of bleomycin($225mg/m^2$), may be reversible.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.631-635
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• 2003

Idiopathic interstitial pneumonia is a group of lung disease classified by clinical, radiological and pathologic findings. Steroid is described in many reports as an effective treatment for the idiopathic interstitial pneumonitis. For the treatment of steroid non-responders, immuno-suppressive or cytotoxic agents are used as second line drug of choice. We experienced a case of nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis who was treated initially with glucocorticoid and antibiotics without effects, but later did respond to cyclosporin treatment. This 63 year-old patient was admitted due to dyspnea, cough, and sputum production. He was started on glucocorticoid and antibiotics after he was diagnosed as having nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis by open lung biopsy. The initial steroid treatment was not effective, however, after cyclosprin treatment, the patient showed clinical and radiologic improvements.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.639-644
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of the light-emitting-diode (LED) to investigate proliferation of human epidermal keratinocyte and collagen, procollagen expression. In order to determine whether LED irradiation can safely be applied to human skin, the proliferative effects of LED irradiation were determined by MTS assay in Human Epidermal Keratinocytes. Wavelength of 470nm LED irradiation increased mRNA expression of collagen, procollagen without cytotoxity. Our results suggest that 470nm LED irradiation may have a proliferative effects and collagen synthesis property. In order to determine whether LED irradiation can safely be applied to human skin, the cytotoxic effects of LED irradiation were determined by MTS assay in Human Dermal Fibroblasts (HDF). As far as we know, this is the first report demonstrating in vitro collagen synthesis activity of 470nm LED irradiation and being a scientific basis for the cosmetic.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.1-45
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• 1999

To date many kinds of compounds have been obtained from plants kingdom as antineoplastic and anti-cancerous agents. However, there is no special type of compounds for ncancer therapy. Various types of substances are effective for various types of cancers and tumors: for instance, alkaloids, lignans, terpenes and steroids etc. Curcumol obtained from Curcuma aromatica was tested and noticed to be effective against cancer of the uterine cervix clinically Oridonin isolated from Rabdosia ssp.is now investigated for clinical trials in China. Moreover, camptothecine isolated from Camptotheca acuminata is also antineoplastic alkaloid, but is very toxic. Chemical modification has been tried to decrease its toxicity. This compound is now using as clinical agent. Harringtonin was investigated as an anticancerous drug in China. Taxol, a compound with a taxane ring isolated from the bark of Taxus brevifolia, has been demonstrated to have substantial anticancer activity in patients with solid tumors refractory standard chemotherapy. Supply of this drug has severely limited full exploration of its antineoplastic potential. Some efforts are continued in National Cancer Institute NCI) Washington for surveying various Taxus species for optimal taxol content, improvement in semi-synthesis from baccatin III, improvement in method of extraction, and development of alternative renewable resources. Further, there are many compounds which have been reported as antineoplastic agents. On the other hand, we have screened on higher plants collected in Japan, China, Korea, Southeast Asia and South America for antineoplastic activity, which has been done using Sarcoma 180 ascites in mice, P388 Iymphocytic leukemia in mice, Chinese hamster lung V-79 cells, P388 cells and nasopharynx carcinoma (KB) cells in our laboratory, as primary screening. In this meeting, I will present on antitumor and cytotoxic substances of the higher plants (Rubia cordifolia, Ailanfhus Vilmoriniana, Aster tataricus, Taxus cuspidata var. nana, Cephalotaxus harringtonia var drupacea, etc.) selected from above screening tests.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.64-65
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• 2000

Cancer is a general term subjected to a series of malignant tumor diseases which may affect many different parts of the human body. These cancer diseases are characterized by a rapid and uncontrolled formation of abnormal cells in the body. Cancer chemotherapeutic agents can often provide the prolongation of life and occasionally cures. To date many kinds of compounds have been obtained from plants kingdom as anti-neoplastic and anti-cancerous agents. However, there is no special type of compounds for cancer therapy. In our laboratory, anti-tumor and cytotoxic screenings on higher plants collected in Japan, China, Korea, Southeast Asia and South America have been done by using Sarcoma 180 ascites in mice, P388 lymphocytic leukemia in mice, Chinese hamster lung V-79 cells, P388 cells and nasopharynx carcinoma (KB) cells. The family, Simaroubaceae consists of about 20 genera and 120 species, mainly shrubs and trees, distributed in tropical and subtropical country. Simaroubaceae is classified as RUTALES, together with Rutaceae, Burseraceae, Meliaceae, Malpighiaceae and Polygalaceae. The members differ from the Rutaceae in not containing oil glands. Bitter principles are a characteristic of the family, Simaroubaceae. The genera include Quassia (Simarouba) (40 spp.), Picrasma (Aeschrion) (6 spp.), Brucea (10 spp.), Soulamea (10 spp.), Ailanthus (10 spp.) and Perriera (1 spp.) etc.. Surinam quassia derived from Quassia amara growing in Guianas, north Brazil and Venezuela is used in traditional medicines for stomachic, anti-amoebic, anti-malarial and anti-anaemic properties. Also, various parts of a number of plants of the family Simaroubaceae have been used in traditional medicine for the treatment of a variety oi diseases including cancer, amoebic, dysentery and malaria. Then, the research has established that it is the quassinoid content of these plants that is responsible for above activities. In this meeting, I will present on anti-tumor and anti-malarial activities and their active principles of Simaroubaceae plants, Eurycoma longifolia, Ailanthus vilmoriniana, Simaba cedron and Brucea mullis which have been studied in our laboratory.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.1 s.61
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• pp.46-58
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• 2005

Objective : This study on Sipimikwanjung-tang was undertaken to evaluate its antioxidant capacities and antiperoxidation activities in rat liver tissues. Sipimikwanjung-tang which has been one of the prescriptions in sasang constitutional medicine is usually applied for the therapy of various liver diseases. It is elucidated that Sipimikwanjung-tang has antioxidants on liver tissue of rat and the cytotoxic effects on human hepatoblastoma Hep G2 cells. Methods: Sipimikwanjung-tang extract in antioxidant effects of Hep G2 cells is evaluated by MTT assay, DAPI staining, DNA fragmentation assays and FACS can analysis. Results: Sipimikwanjung-tang induced apoptosis in Hep G2 cells, and induced G1 and G2M arrest of the cell cycle as well as a significant increase in PARP and caspase-3 activity. It induced an increase in $H_2O_2$ generation and the subsequent $NF-{\kappa}B$ activation and also induced cell apoptosis through the caspase-3-dependent pathways in the low concentration of Sipimikwanjung-tang extracts. However, the high dose of Sipimikwanjung-tang extract in Hep G2 cells inhibited $TGF-{\beta}l-induced$ apoptosis via increase in cellular $H_2O_2$, formation and $NF-{\kappa}B$ activation in human hepatoblastoma Hep G2 cells. Conclusion: From this study, the possibility that Sipimikwanjung-tang extracts apply to antioxidant and apoptotic treatment of disease is revealed.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2000.10b
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• pp.11-13
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• 2000

Cancer is a general term subjected to a series of malignant tumor diseases which may affect many different parts of the human body. These cancer diseases are characterized by a rapid and uncontrolled formation of abnormal cells in the body. Cancer chemotherapeutic agents can often provide the prolongation of life and occasionally cures. To date many kinds of compounds have been obtained from plants kingdom as anti-neoplastic and anti-cancerous agents. However, there is no special type of compounds for cancer therapy. In our laboratory, anti-tumor and cytotoxic screenings on higher plants collected in Japan, China, Korea, Southeast Asia and South America have been done by using Sarcoma 180 ascites in mice, P388 lymphocytic leukemia in mice, Chinese hamster lung V-79 cells, P388 cells and nasopharynx carcinoma (KB) cells. The family, Simaroubaceae consists of about 20 genera and 120 species, mainly shrubs and trees, distributed in tropical and subtropical country. Simaroubaceae IS classified as RUTALES, together with Rutaceae, Burseraceae, Meliaceae, Malpighiaceae and Polygalaceae. The members differ from the Rutaceae in not containing oil glands. Bitter principles are a characteristic of the family, Simaroubaceae. The genera include Quassia (Simarouba) (40 spp.), Picrasma (Aeschrion) (6 spp.), Brucea (10 spp.), Soulamea (10 spp.), Ailanthus (10 spp.) and Perriera (1 spp.) etc.. Surinam quassia derived from Quassia amara growing in Guianas, north Brazil and Venezuela is used in traditional medicines for stomachic, anti-amoebic, anti-malarial and anti-anaemic properties. Also, various parts of a number of plants of the family Simaroubaceae have been used in traditional medicine for the treatment of a variety of diseases including cancer, amoebic, dysentery and malaria. Then, the research has established that it is the quassinoid content of these plants that is responsible for above activities. In this meeting, I will present on anti-tumor and anti-malarial activities and their active principles of Simaroubaceae plants, Eurycoma longifolia, Ailanthus vilmoriniana, Simaba cedron and Brucea mollis which have been studied in our laboratory.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.688-697
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• 2006

Objectives : Peroxynitrite ($ONOO^-$), $O_2^-$ and nitric oxide (NO) are cytotoxic species that can oxidize several cellular components such as proteins. lipids and DNA. It has been implicated in the aging process and age-related disease such as Alzheimer's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, cancer and atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to investigate $ONOO^-$ scavenging activities. and that of its precursors. NO and $O_2^-$ of Trigonellae Semen. Methods : To investigate $ONOO^-$. NO. $O_2^-$ scavenging activities, fluorescent probes, namely 2'.7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA). 4.5-diaminofluorescein (DAF-2) and dihydrorhodamine 123 (DHR 123) were used. Protein expression levels of iNOS, COX-2, NF-${\kappa}B$, and VCAM-1 were assayed by western blot. Results : Trigonellae Semen markedly scavenged authentic $ONOO^-$, $O_2^-$ and NO. It also inhibited $ONOO^-$ induced by $O_2^-$ and NO which are derived from SIN-1. Furthermore. Trigonellae Semen inhibited $ONOO^-$, $O_2^-$ and NO generation in LPS-treated ICR mouse kidney postmitochondria. Trigonellae Semen inhibited gene expression of iNOS, COX-2, VCAM-l and NF-${\kappa}B$ (p65) activation. Conclusions : These results suggest that Trigonellae Semen is an effective $ONOO^-$, $O_2^-$ and NO scavenger. and that this substance has a potential role as an inhibitor of the aging process, and in therapy against age-related diseases.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.103-114
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• 2006

Herbal mixture water extract of (Chrysanthemum morifolium, Portulaca oleracea, Sanguisorba officinalis, Sophora flavescens, Phellodendron amurense, Cnidium monnieri) which exhibit several beneficial effects including acne and skin diseases, was tested for anti-microbial activity and anti-inflammation effects. The herbal mixture extract showed antimicrobial activity against Stapylococcus epidermis, and Propionibacterium acne. The growth of Stapylococcus epidermis, and Propionibacterium acne was inhibited completely by addition of 1.0% of the extract. Also in the present study we examined the mixture extract on compound 48/80 induced allergy and LPS induced cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2) gene expression in RAW 264.7 macrophage. The results indicated the ear swelling and histamine release induced by compound 48/80 were dose-dependently reduced, ranging 28-60%, and 48-72% , respectively. Furthermore the extract inhibited the expression of LPS-induced COX-2 proteins and mRNAs without an appreciable cytotoxic effects on RAW 264.7 cells. The LPS-induced cytokine gene expression including IL-$1{\beta}$, TNF-$\alpha$, and IL-6 were dose-dependently suppressed by the mixture extract. Based on these results, it is concluded that the herbal mixture water extract can be applied to the acne and skin diseases therapy.