• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.204-219
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• 1997

The use of fluoride is one of the most effective methods for caries prevention. Fluoridation of public water supply has been recognized, for many years, as an effective way to reduce dental caries. The fluoride supplement has been recommended when the natural fluoride was unavailable or below the optimal range. However the mechanism of caries prevention by fluoride has not yet been clarified and it is well known that an overdose of fluoride results inacute and chronic toxicity, especially dental fluorosis. Fluoride mouthrinsing solution is widely used in dentistry due to its effectiveness in carrying anticariogenic action. Understanding the effects of fluoride mouthrinsing solution on human gingival fibroblasts will provide the safety rationale for its use during the caries preventive therapy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of fluoride mouthrinsing solution on the human gingival fibroblast in vitro. The human gingival fibroblasts were cultured from healthy gingiva on the extracted deciduous teeth of children. Cells were inoculated into a 24-well plate with $1{\times}10^4cells/well$ of medium at $37^{\circ}C$, 100% humidity, 5% $CO_2$ incubator for 24 hours. And the cells were counted by using the hemocytometer at each designed study. Human gingival fibroblasts were cultured in growth medium after one minute application range of 0.02%-0.2% NaF solution and 0.1% $SnF_2$ solution. The cells used in this study were between fifth to eighth passage number. The cell morphology was examined by inverted microscope and cell proliferation was measured by incorporating $[^3H]$-thymidine into DNA. DNA synthesis by human gingival fibroblasts was assessed by $[^3H]$-thymidine uptake assays while the cell activity was measured by MTT assay. Each concentrated fluoride mouthrinsing solution was estimated for its biocompatability with fibroblasts by the tissue culture technique. The results of this study were as follows : 1. It was observed that at 0.05%, 0.2% NaF mouthrinsing solution the cytoplasmic processes became globular. When 0.1% $SnF_2$ mouthrinsing solution was applied, the cytoplasmic process and cell morphology were disappeared. 2. DNA synthetic activity was reduced regardless of the concentration of the fluoride mouthrinsing solution. However, the result is statistically insignificant except 0.1% $SnF_2$ mouthrinsing solution(p<0.05). 3. Our results indicate that 0.02%, 0.05% concentrations of NaF mouthrinsing solution caused minimal cytotoxicity. But 0.2% NaF and 0.1% $SnF_2$ concentration were a significant difference between the cell activity in the experimental group and control group (p<0.05). 4. After appling 0.05% & 0.02% NaF fluoride mouthrinsing solution, cell activity was restored to the control groups level according to incubating time. The results suggest that direct exposure to fluoride solution inhibits gingival fibroblast activity. Therefore, for the most effective use of fluoride use, lowering the concentration of fluoride mouthrinsing is advisable because it maintains biocompatability and free ion in the oral fluid.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.78-88
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• 2017

Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels, plays an important role in tumor growth and metastasis; therefore, it has become an important target in cancer therapy. Novel anticancer pharmaceutical products that have relatively few side effects or are non-cytotoxic must be developed, and such products may be obtained from traditional herbal medicines. Coptis chinensis Franch. is an herb used in traditional medicine for the treatment of inflammatory diseases and diabetes. However, potential antiangiogenic effects of C. chinensis water extract (CCFWE) have not yet been studied. The purpose of this study was to determine the antiangiogenic effect of CCFWE in order to evaluate its potential for an anticancer drug. We found that the treatment with CCFWE inhibited the major steps of the angiogenesis process, such as the endothelial cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and capillary-like tube formation in response to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and also resulted in the growth inhibition of new blood vessels in an ex vivo rat aortic ring assay. We also observed that CCFWE treatment arrested the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase, preventing the G0/G1 to S phase cell cycle progression in response to VEGF. In addition, the treatment reduced the VEGF-induced activation of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9. Taken together, these findings indicate that CCFWE should be considered a potential anticancer therapy against pathological conditions where angiogenesis is stimulated during tumor development.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.26 no.11
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• pp.1282-1288
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• 2016

Artemisia, a plant widely used as traditional herbal medicine in many countries, has drawn attention of the researchers. And its extracts or compounds are known to have an efficacy of antioxidant, anti-diabete, anti-cancer, anti-inflammation and neuroprotection. Sumaeyaksuk is a variant of the Artemisia argyi and major constituents are eupatilin and jaceosidin. This study was performed to investigate the effects of the sumaeyaksuk aqueous extract on inflammatory response induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in human hepatoma HepG2 cells. To examine the potential hepatoprotective properties of sumaeyaksuk extract, cell viability, as well as nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS), macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), interleukin-8 (IL-8) levels, alanine transaminase (ALT), and aspartate transaminase (AST) activities, were measured. Cytotoxic activity of extracts on HepG2 cells was measured by MTT assay. Sumaeyaksuk extract did not induce cytotoxicity at concentrations of $0{\sim}400{\mu}g/mL$. NO and ROS levels significantly decreased with increasing concentration of the extract. The secretion levels of M-CSF and IL-8 were suppressed by sumaeyaksuk extract in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, ALT (75.4%) and AST (61.6%) levels significantly decreased in sumaeyaksuk extract-treated cells at $400{\mu}g/mL$. These results suggested that the sumaeyaksuk extract attenuates the LPS-induced hepatotoxicity resulting from regulation of inflammatory factors and could potentially be used as a hepatitis therapeutic agent.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.231-237
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• 2001

To examine the effects of feed additives on the expression of perpheral blood cell surface molecules, phagocytosis and antigen specific antibody formation, broilers were randomly assigned to $T_{1}$ , $T_{2}$ , $T_{3}$ , and $T_{4}$ groups. $T_{1}$ group was fed diet without any additives for 13 weeks, $T_{2}$ was fed diet with full fat flax, $T_{3}$ was fed diet with full fat flax containing $\alpha$-tocopherol, and $T_{4}$ was fed diet with full- fat flax containing $\alpha$-tocopherol and selenium. Since 5 weeks feeding the data were examined by flow cytometry using a panel of monoclonal antibodies. The expression of monocyte in all treated groups was significantly increased, in which the ratio of expression in $T_{3}$ group was especially evident. B cell expression of all treated groups was increased more than 2 fold. The expression of CD4+(helper T cell) cell and CD8+(cytotox$ic^pressor T cell) cell of all treated groups also was increased.ed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.254-260
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• 1997

Effects of kimchi extracts on the immune response related to its antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo were investigated. The extracts of kimchi fermented for 0(fresh) and 3 weeks at $5^{\circ}C$ showed a direct cytotoxic effect on sarcoma-180 cells, tumor cells in vitro. Methanol extract(4mg/ml), MSF(methanol soluble fraction : 3mg/ml) and hexane extract(fresh : 2.0mg/ml, 3 weeks : 0.3mg/ml) of the kimchi(3 weeks, $5^{\circ}C$) markedly decreased the total numbers of sarcoma-180 cells, but not their viability. The phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophage of mice was significantly augmented by these extracts of the kimchi compared with that of control in vitro and in vivo. These extracts also raised the phagocytic index, indicating that the number of phagocytized microbes per macrophage increased. Thus, kimchi might show a anti-tumor activity by enhancing the phagocytic cell activities.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.231-241
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• 1997

The purpose of this research was to investigate effect of water extract of Euphorbiae Pekinensis Radix and Moutan Cortex Radicis on the proliferation of human cancer cell-lines. The effects of Euphorbiae Pekinensis Radix and Moutan Cortex Radicis on the proliferation of A431, HeLa, MOLT-4, K562 cells, Balb/c 3T3 cells, mouse thymocytes, splenocytes and human lymphocytes were estimated by MTT colorimetric assay. The results were as follows; 1. In proliferation of A431, HeLa, MOLT-4 and K562 cell-lines, Euphorbiae Pekinensis Radix and Moutan Cortex Radicis inhibited the proliferation of K562 cells. 2. In the combined effect of Euphorbiae Pekinensis Radix and mitomycin C, Moutan Cortex Radicis and mitomycin C, all herbs stimulated the proliferation of MOL T-4 cells. 3. Euphorbiae Pekinensis Radix and Moutan Cortex Radicis did not inhibited the proliferation of Balb/c 3T3 cells. 4. Euphorbiae Pekinensis Radix and Moutan Cortex Radicis stimulated the proliferation of mouse thymocytes. 5. Euphorbiae Pekinensis Radix and Moutan Cortex Radicis stimulated the proliferation of mouse splenocytes. 6. Euphorbiae Pekinensis Radix and Moutan Cortex Radicis stimulated the proliferation of human lymphocytes.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.84-92
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• 2008

Russula rosacea, one of edible and medicinal mushroom belonging Agaricales of Basidiomycota, has been known to have good inhibitory effects on sarcoma 180 and Ehrlich carcinoma of mice. Neutral saline soluble (0.9% NaCl), hot water soluble and methanol soluble substances (hereinafter referred to Fr. NaCl, Fr. HW and Fr. MeOH, respectively) were extracted from fruiting body of the mushroom. In vitro cytotoxicity tests, crude polysaccharides were not cytotoxic against cancer cell lines such as Sarcoma 180, HepG2, HT-29 and NIH3T3 at the concentration of $10{\sim}2000\;{\mu}g/ml$. Intraperitoneal injection with crude polysaccharides exhibited life prolongation effect of $21.4{\sim}45%$ in mice previously inoculated with Sarcoma 180. Fr. HW improved the immuno-potentiation activity of B lymphocyte by increasing the alkaline phosphatase activity by 6.8 fold compared with control at the concentration of $500\;{\mu}g/ml$. In case of Fr. NaCl, the numbers of peritoneal exudate cells and circulating leukocytes were increased by 6 and 2.6 folds at the concentration of 50 mg/kg, respectively. Therefore, the antitumor effect against mice Sarcoma 180 by Russula rosacea could be due to immunomodulating activity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.8
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• pp.1003-1007
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• 2009

To develop Allium tuberosum L. as a cancer preventive food material, thiosulfinates and biological active components were isolated from Allium tuberosum L. and the apoptotic effects of thiosulfinates in human cancer cells were examined. Thiosulfinates decreased viable cell numbers in dose- and time-dependent manners. Thiosulfinates at the 20 $\mu g$/mL concentration inhibited more than 60% cell proliferation in HepG2 and A549 human cancer cells, respectively. Also the morphology of cells treated with thiosulfinates of 30 $\mu g$/mL concentration was distorted with shrunken cell mass while the cell number was lower than that of control cells. The $IC_{50}$ values in the HepG2 cells were higher than those of the A549 cells. Thiosulfinates at the 30 $\mu g$/mL concentration showed the formation of apoptotic bodies and a nuclear condensation, and an increase in the cell populations of the sub-G1 phase in the HepG2 cells. These results indicate that thiosulfinates from Allium tuberosum L. inhibited cell proliferation in HepG2 via apoptosis.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.151-165
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• 2014

Objectives : The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Aconiti Lateralis Preparata Radix (AP) and Acanthopanacis Cortex (AT) extracts in bone-derived adipocyte OP9 cell, osteoclast and osteoblast-like MG63 cells. Methods : MTT assay was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of AP and AT extracts on OP9, osteoclast and MG63 cells. OP9 cells were treated with AP and AT, and the alterations in fat storage in the cells were determined by the Oil red O. To explain effects of RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation in bone marrow macrophages, we performed the TRAP staining. The protein level of CAAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha ($C/EBP{\alpha}$) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ${\gamma}$ ($PPAR{\gamma}$) as a adipocyte differentiation marker, and adiponectin was examined using western blot in differentiated OP9 cells. Effects of related genes were confirmed by luciferase assay using reporter assay. Results : AP and AT was not toxic on OP9 and MG63 cells, but AT was a little cytotoxic to osteoclast at the dose of $100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. They could inhibit differentiation of OP9 cells and osteoclast with results of oil red O staining and TRAP staining. By western blot, AP and AT decreased the expression of $PPAR{\gamma}$ and $C/EBP{\alpha}$ which is the key transcription factor in adipogenesis and adiponectin secretion. AT also inhibited the BMP-4 activity in luciferase assay. AP also inhibited BMP-4 and Wnt3a activity, stimulated ER-${\beta}$ activity but inhibited androgen receptor activity. Conclusions : These results show AP and AT can be useful in osteoporosis and obesity via inhibition of osteoclast and adipocyte differentiation.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.694-708
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• 2007

Objectives : Jageum-Jung is used as an anti-cancer agent in oriental medicine, but the mechanism by which it induces cell death in cancer cells is still unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Jageum-Jung on apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in HepG2 hepatoma cells. Methods : Various cancer cell lines including HepG2, C6 glioma, SH-SY5Y, PANC-1, and MCF-7 cells, were used. Apoptosis was determined by DAPI nuclei staining and flow cytometry in HepG2 cells treated with various concentrations (from 25 to 200 ${\mu}g/ml$) of $H_2O$ extract of Jageum-Jung (JGJ) for 48 hrs. Expression of cell cycle arrest mediators including Rb, p53, p21, cyclin B1, cdk4, and cyclin E proteins were measured by Western blot analysis. To estimate intracellular hydrogen peroxide levels and intracellular nitric oxide levels, HepG2 cells were stained with DCFH-DA dye and DAF dye, subjected on flow cytometric analysis. Results : 1. Jageum-Jung decreased the viability of HepG2 cells in a dose-dependent manner. 2. Jageum-Jung induced the catalytic activation of caspase-3 in HepG2 cells. 3. Jageum-Jung increased the intracellular hydrogen peroxide and NO in HepG2 cells. 4. Jageum-Jung increased the expression of Rb, p53 and p21 in HepG2 cells. 5. Jageum-Jung induced the expression of cyclin B1, cdk4, and cyclin E in HepG2 cells. Conclusions : Taken together, we suggest that Jageum-Jung exhibits cytotoxic effects on HepG2 cells, causing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. The results showed that Jageum-Jung may do so by regulating the expression of specific target molecules that promote efficient apoptotic cell death following $G_2$/M phase arrest in a dose-dependent manner.