• Advances in concrete construction
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.15-37
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• 2015

Ongoing efforts for improved fracture toughness of engineered cementitious materials address the inherent brittleness of the binding matrix at several different levels of the material's geometric scale through the addition of various types of reinforcing fibers. Crack control is required for crack widths that cover the entire range of the grain size spectrum of the material, and this dictates the requirement of hybrid mixes combining fibers of different size (nano, micro, macro). Use of Carbon Nano-Tubes (CNT) and Carbon Nano-Fibers (CNFs) as additives is meant to extend the crack-control function down to the nanoscale where cracking is believed to initiate. In this paper the implications of enhanced toughness thus attained at the material nanostructure are explored, with reference to the global smeared constitutive properties of the material, through consistent interpretation of the reported experimental evidence regarding the behavior of engineered cementitious products to direct and indirect tension.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• v.5 no.5
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• pp.481-492
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• 2017

The aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of quartz powder (Qp), quartz sand (Qs), and different water curing temperature on mechanical properties including 7, 14, 28-day compressive strength and 28-day splitting tensile strength of Ultra High Performance Concrete and also finding the correlation between these variables on mechanical properties of UHPC. The response surface methodology was monitored to show the influences of variables and their interactions on mechanical properties of UHPC, then, mathematical models in terms of coded variables were established by ANOVA. The offered models are valid for the variables between: quartz powder 0 to 20% of cement substitution by cement weight, quartz sand 0 to 50% of aggregate substitution by crushed limestone weight, and water curing temperature 25 to $95^{\circ}C$.

• Acta Via Serica
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.119-140
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• 2021

Relations between Ankara and Washington, which have hardly been harmonious, recently became extremely tense, especially when Turkey decided to deal with Kurdish enclaves nearby its border. Russia naturally took advantage of the tension by providing Turkey with advanced S-400 missiles and by trying to play a peacemaking role in contested regions within Syria. Ankara's dealings with Moscow alienated it from NATO and the USA, and complicated relations with Russia and its allies in Syria, where Turkey's interests collided with those of Tehran and Moscow. While these aspects of the Ankara/Moscow relationship are well known, this article explores how the discovery of natural gas in the Mediterranean has increased Ankara's importance to Moscow, as a means of sowing dissension within NATO and helping Moscow hinder the emergence of alternative gas suppliers to Europe.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.686-695
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• 2016

In this thesis, girls' suicidal mentality which appears in some adolescent novels was sought. We can conclude like these: first, in the novel, Elegant Lies written by Ryeo-ryung Kim, the girl named Wha-yun leaves out Cheon-ji not to be left out alone by her companies. Wha-yun has succeeded in giving an ugly impression of Cheon-ji to the peer girls around her by exercising relational aggression. As a result, Cheon-ji sees herself as a meaningless being and after recognizing that she can't change the situation, she shows psychology of escape. Second, in the novel, Goodbye, from Kilimanjaro written by Ok-soo Lee, Sung-min Yoon's girlfriend Soo-hee born and grown in Africa lives with trauma from her mother's death. As her step-mother suppressed her not to keep in touch with the pet animals, Soo-hee got depressed and out of energy. Parental oppression and verbal violence can let the girl activates self-punishment and lead to suicide. Third, in the novel, Thursday, in Cyprus written by Chae-ran Park, girls could use suicide as a negotiation agenda. Adolescents could commit suicide even if their trivial requests are rejected. In these situations above we can read anticipation of compensation, retaliation and self-punishment mentality.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.5 no.5
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• pp.527-552
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• 2013

Development of flexural yielding and large rotation ductilities in the plastic hinge zones of frame members is synonymous with the spread of bar reinforcement yielding into the supporting anchorage. Yield penetration where it occurs, destroys interfacial bond between bar and concrete and reduces the strain development capacity of the reinforcement. This affects the plastic rotation capacity of the member by increasing the contribution of bar pullout. A side effect is increased strains in the compression zone within the plastic hinge region, which may be critical in displacement-based detailing procedures that are linked to concrete strains (e.g. in structural walls). To quantify the effects of yield penetration from first principles, closed form solutions of the field equations of bond over the anchorage are derived, considering bond plastification, cover debonding after bar yielding and spread of inelasticity in the anchorage. Strain development capacity is shown to be a totally different entity from stress development capacity and, in the framework of performance based design, bar slip and the length of debonding are calculated as functions of the bar strain at the loaded-end, to be used in calculations of pullout rotation at monolithic member connections. Analytical results are explored parametrically to lead to design charts for practical use of the paper's findings but also to identify the implications of the phenomena studied on the detailing requirements in the plastic hinge regions of flexural members including post-earthquake retrofits.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.5-20
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• 2000

Through his geometric design, the Cyprus born fashion designer Hussein Chalayan raises intriguing questions about the very fact of wearing clothes. By purposefully displacing the function of each part of the clothing, such as neck line, hem line, seam, sleeve, etc., Chalayan transforms the meaning of the body that wears clothes. of the human subject as a sovereign possessor of the clothing and the visibility related to fashion. This transformation is achieved by distorting the spaces of his clothing in an unorthodox way. This thesis argues that the significance of such a practice can not be properly understood without relation to the current debate on deconstructionism under way in humanities. Instead of immediately negating the modern frame of Ideas and practices, deconstructionism asks what the assumptions for the modern regime of truth is. In this process, things that lead human beings to sovereign master of knowledge and truth such as reason, subject, body and vision are questioned. In the same context, Chalayan's design not only forces us to rethink the very function of dividing inside and outside by the clothing but also the meaning of boundary operating in numerous sites of modern life. As the human subject is not something pre-given but constructed according to the cultural representation, to which the clothing belongs, fashion can be evaluated to be an active ingredient of constructing the subject. Therefore, Hussein Chalayan's design is at the cross road between the modern and the postmodern regime of fashion.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.17-37
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• 2014

In this study, four widely accepted and used variants of Evolution Strategies (ES) are adapted and applied to the output-error state-space identification problem. The selection of ES is justified by prior strong indication of superior performance to similar problems, over alternatives like Genetic Algorithms (GA) or Evolutionary Programming (EP). The ES variants that are being tested are (i) the (1+1)-ES, (ii) the $({\mu}/{\rho}+{\lambda})-{\sigma}$-SA-ES, (iii) the $({\mu}_I,{\lambda})-{\sigma}$-SA-ES, and (iv) the (${\mu}_w,{\lambda}$)-CMA-ES. The study is based on a six-degree-of-freedom (DOF) structural model of a shear building that is characterized by light damping (up to 5%). The envisaged analysis is taking place through Monte Carlo experiments under two different excitation types (stationary / non-stationary) and the applied ES are assessed in terms of (i) accurate modal parameters extraction, (ii) statistical consistency, (iii) performance under noise-corrupted data, and (iv) performance under non-stationary data. The results of this suggest that ES are indeed competitive alternatives in the non-linear state-space estimation problem and deserve further attention.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.485-493
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• 2018

Statistical analysis has found useful application in the design of experiments (DOE) especially optimization of concrete ingredients however, to be able to apply the concept properly using computer aided applications there has to be an upper and lower limits of responses fed to the system. In this study, the production of high-performance steel fiber concrete (HPSFC) at five different fiber addition levels by volume with two aspect ratios of 60 and 83 were studied under two curing methods completely dry cured (DC) and moist cured (MC) conditions. In other words, this study was carried out for those limits based on material properties available in North Cyprus. Specimens utilized were cubes 100 mm size casted and cured for 28 days and tested for compressive strength. Minitab 18 statistical software was utilized for the analysis of results at a 5 per cent level of significance. Experimentally, it was observed that, there was fluctuation in compressive strength results for the two aspect ratios and curing regimes. On the other hand P-value hypothesis evaluation of the response showed that at the stated level of significance, there was a statistically significant difference between dry and moist curing conditions. Upper and lower limit values were proposed for the response to be utilized in DOE for future studies based on these material properties. It was also suggested that for a narrow confidence interval and accuracy of the system, future study should increase the sample size.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.26-35
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was done to compare the effects of abdominal aroma massage and meridian massage on constipation and stress in college women with functional constipation. Methods: The participants were 38 college women, 18 were in the aroma group and 20 in the meridian group. The aroma massage was given using aroma oil which was a mixture of lemon, lavender, rosemary, and cyprus. The meridian massage was given at 9 accupoints which influence intestinal functions. The treatment was given 5 days a week for 4 weeks. A constipation severity score, weekly defecation frequency, and a stress response score were measured before and every week of 4 weeks of the experiment. Results: While there was no significant difference between two groups, there was a significant difference within the groups in the constipation severity (aroma group: 1st week, meridian group: except 4th week), defecation frequency (aroma group: 3rd week, meridian group: 2nd and 3rd week), and stress (aroma group: all weeks, meridian group: except 4th week) after different duration of experiment. Conclusion: Based on these results, both abdominal massages relieved constipation and stress. Resorting to either types of massage will contribute to the reduction of use of stool softeners, suppositories, or enemas.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.89-99
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• 2018

Spatial downscaling is often applied to coarse scale satellite products with high temporal resolution for environmental monitoring at a finer scale. An area-to-point regression kriging (ATPRK) algorithm is regarded as effective in that it combines regression modeling and residual correction with area-to-point kriging. However, an open source tool or package for ATPRK has not yet been developed. This paper describes the development and code organization of an R-based spatial downscaling tool, named R4ATPRK, for the implementation of ATPRK. R4ATPRK was developed using the R language and several R packages. A look-up table search and batch processing for computation of ATP kriging weights are employed to improve computational efficiency. An experiment on spatial downscaling of coarse scale land surface temperature products demonstrated that this tool could generate downscaling results in which overall variations in input coarse scale data were preserved and local details were also well captured. If computational efficiency can be further improved, and the tool is extended to include certain advanced procedures, R4ATPRK would be an effective tool for spatial downscaling of coarse scale satellite products.