• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제86권3호
• /
• pp.417-430
• /
• 2023

As the key part in the reinforced concrete column-steel beam (RCS) frame, the beam-column joints are usually subjected the axial force, shear force and bending moment under seismic actions. With the aim to study the seismic behavior of RCS joints with and without RC slab, the quasi-static cyclic tests results, including hysteretic curves, slab crack development, failure mode, strain distributions, etc. were discussed in detail. It is shown that the composite action between steel beam and RC slab can significantly enhance the initial stiffness and loading capacity, but lead to a changing of the failure mode from beam flexural failure to the joint shear failure. Based on the analysis of shear failure mechanism, the calculation formula accounting for the influence of RC slab was proposed to estimate shear strength of RCS joint. In addition, the finite element model (FEM) was developed by ABAQUS and a series of parametric analysis model with RC slab was conducted to investigate the influence of the face plates thickness, slab reinforcement diameter, beam web strength and inner concrete strength on the shear strength of joints. Finally, the proposed formula in this paper is verified by the experiment and FEM parametric analysis results.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• 제47권1호
• /
• pp.37-50
• /
• 2023

This paper presented an investigation into steel tubes encased high-strength concrete (STHC) composite walls, wherein steel tubes were embedded at the boundary elements of high-strength concrete walls. A series of cyclic loading tests was conducted to evaluate the failure pattern, hysteresis characteristics, load-bearing capacity, deformability, and strain distribution of STHC composite walls. The test results demonstrated that the bearing capacity and ductility of the STHC composite walls improved with the embedding of steel tubes at the boundary elements. An analytical method was then established to predict the flexural bearing capacity of the STHC composite walls, and the calculated results agreed well with the experimental values, with errors of less than 10%. Finally, a finite element modeling (FEM) was developed via the OpenSees program to analyze the mechanical performance of the STHC composite wall. The FEM was validated through test results; additionally, the influences of the axial load ratio, steel tube strength, and shear-span ratio on the mechanical properties of STHC composite walls were comprehensively investigated.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제87권4호
• /
• pp.391-403
• /
• 2023

In this study, a new type of self-centering beam-column joint with tapered steel plate links is proposed. Firstly, mechanical property of the basic joint (with the prestressed steel strands only, to provide the self-centering ability) and the combined joint (with both the prestressed steel strands and tapered steel plate links, to provide self-centering and energy dissipation simultaneously) is theoretically analyzed. Then, three joints with different dimensions and combinations of tapered plate links are designed and tested through a series of quasi-static cyclic loading tests. Test results show that a nearly bilinear elastic moment-rotation relationship for the basic joint is obtained. With the addition of tapered steel plate links, typical flag-shape hysteretic curves are obtained, which indicates good self-centering and energy dissipating ability of the combined joint. By installing multiple tapered plate links, stiffness and bearing capacity of the beam-column joint can be enhanced. The theoretical moment-rotation relationships agree well with the test results. A simplified macro model of the proposed joint is developed using OpenSees, which simulates reasonably well its hysteretic behavior.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• 제46권2호
• /
• pp.237-252
• /
• 2023

The article describes the development of a novel dissipative bracing connection device (identified by the acronym DRBrC) for concentrically braced frames in steel and composite structures. The origins of the device trace back to the seminal work of Kelly, Skinner and Heine (1972), and, more directly related, to the PIN-INERD device, overcoming some of its limitations and greatly improving the replaceability characteristics. The connection device is composed of a rigid housing, connected to both the brace and the beam-column connection (or just the column), in which the axial force transfer is achieved by four-point bending of a dissipative pin. The experimental validation stages, presented in detail, consisted of a preliminary testing campaign, resulting in successive improvements of the original device design, followed by a systematic parametric testing campaign. That final campaign was devised to study the influence of the constituent materials (S235 and Stainless Steel, for the pin, and S355 and High Strength Steel, for the housing), of the geometry (four-point bending intermediate spans) and of the loading history (constant amplitude or increasing cyclic alternate). The main conclusions point to the most promising DRBrC device configurations, also presenting some suggestions in terms of the replaceability requirements.

• Coupled systems mechanics
• /
• 제12권6호
• /
• pp.503-517
• /
• 2023

Standard Digital Volume Correlation (DVC) approaches are based on pattern matching between two reconstructed volumes acquired at different stages. Such frameworks are limited by the number of scans (due to acquisition duration), and time-dependent phenomena can generally not be captured. Projection-based Digital Volume Correlation (P-DVC) measures displacement fields from series of 2D radiographs acquired at different angles and loadings, thus resulting in richer temporal sampling (compared to standard DVC). The sought displacement field is decomposed over a basis of separated variables, namely, temporal and spatial modes. This study utilizes an alternative route in which spatial modes are con-structed via scan-wise DVC, and thus only the temporal amplitudes are sought via P-DVC. This meth-od is applied to a glass fiber mat reinforced polymer specimen containing a machined notch, subjected to in-situ cyclic tension, and imaged via X-Ray Computed Tomography. Different temporal interpolations are exploited. It is shown that utilizing only one DVC displacement field (as spatial mode) was sufficient to properly capture the complex kinematics up to specimen failure.

• 한국공간구조학회논문집
• /
• 제23권4호
• /
• pp.35-42
• /
• 2023

The purpose of this study is to experimentally analyze the seismic performance of column with RSB (Replaceable Steel Brace), a steel brace system with slot length as a variable. To evaluate the seismic performance of the RSB, three specimens were manufactured and subjected to cyclic loading tests. The length of the sliding slots were considered to be 5 mm and 10mm to enable the brace to resist the load from the initiation of flexural crack and shear crack. As a result of the test, the specimen reinforced with the RSB showed improved maximun load and effective stiffness, and energy dissipation capacity compared to the non-reinforced specimens. The specimens with 5mm sliding slot showed little difference in test result compared to the specimen with a 10mm sliding slot, indicating that the length of sliding slot has little influence on the effectiveness of RSB.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• 제51권1호
• /
• pp.93-101
• /
• 2024

This paper presents an experimental and analytical study on a steel slit damper designed as an energy dissipative device for earthquake protection of structures considering soil-structure interaction. The steel slit damper is made of a steel plate with a number of slits cut out of it. The slit damper has an advantage as a seismic energy dissipation device in that the stiffness and the yield force of the damper can be easily controlled by changing the number and size of the vertical strips. Cyclic loading tests of the slit damper are carried out to verify its energy dissipation capability, and an analytical model is developed validated based on the test results. The seismic performance of a case study building is then assessed using nonlinear dynamic analysis with and without soil-structure interaction. The soil-structure system turns out to show larger seismic responses and thus seismic retrofit is required to satisfy a predefined performance limit state. The developed slit dampers are employed as a seismic energy dissipation device for retrofitting the case study structure taking into account the soil-structure interaction. The seismic performance evaluation of the model structure shows that the device works stably and dissipates significant amount of seismic energy during earthquake excitations, and is effective in lowering the seismic response of structures standing on soft soil.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• 제51권2호
• /
• pp.173-183
• /
• 2024

This study investigates a new seismic retrofit system that utilizes rotational friction dampers and axial springs. The retrofit system involves a steel frame with rotational friction dampers (RFD) at beam-column joints and linear springs at the corners, providing energy dissipation and self-centering capabilities to existing structures. The axial spring acts as a self-centering mechanism that eliminates residual deformations, while the friction damper mitigates seismic damage. To evaluate the seismic performance of the proposed retrofit system, a series of cyclic loading tests were carried out on a steel beam-column subassembly equipped with the proposed devices. An analytical model was then developed to validate the experimental results. A performance point ratio (PPR) was presented to optimize the design parameters of the retrofit system, and a performance-based seismic design strategy was developed based on the PPR. The retrofit system's effectiveness and the presented performance-based design approach were evaluated through case study models, and the analysis results demonstrated that the developed retrofit system and the performance-based design procedure were effective in retrofitting structures for multi-level design objectives.

• 한국안전학회지
• /
• 제12권3호
• /
• pp.178-184
• /
• 1997

외력의 작용에 의해 발생되는 인체 내부의 내응력에 대한 이해가 중요하게 됨에 따라, 인간의 생체모델에서 근력이나 관절내에서의 응력분포를 밝히기 위한 다수의 수학적 모델이 소개되어져 왔다. 그러나 고체모델이나 인공손목관절의 개발에 무엇보다도 중요한 실제에 가까운 3차원적인 수학적 모델의 개발은 지금까지 성공적이지 못하였다. 본 연구에서는 인체의 손목관절에서 원위 요골과 척골로 구성되어진 3차원 수학적 모델과, 정교하게 재구성되어진 2차원의 유한요소법을 이용한 수학적 모델을 완성함에 있다. 본 연구에서는 동적운동시의 손목관절에서 근력과 원위 요골과 척골로 전달되어지는 힘과 관절내의 응력분포를 수학적 모델을 통하여, 정확하게 예측할 수 있는 가능성을 보여 주었다. 본 연구에서 추출되어진 결과는 동적운동 시 (반복운동), 손목관절을 이루고 있는 원위 요골과 척골에 상당히 많은 양의 힘이 전달되어 짐을 밝히었으며, 이것은 반복운동에 의하여 손목관절에 종종 발생하는 누적성질환과 깊은 연계성을 갖고 있음을 보여 주고 있다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
• /
• 제32권5C호
• /
• pp.211-220
• /
• 2012

쇄석, 자갈 등과 같은 대입경의 조립지반재료들은 철도, 도로, 댐 등과 같은 지반구조물의 주요한 성토재료로 사용되고 있다. 따라서 합리적인 설계와 시공을 위해서 이들 재료의 물성을 정확하게 평가하는 것은 필수적이다. 본 연구에 앞서 대형 삼축압축시험장비를 구축하고 미소변형 수준에서의 물성산정을 위한 시스템 검증을 수행하여, 시험장비의 신뢰성을 확보할 수 있었다. 본 연구에서는 대입경의 조립지반재료의 다양한 실험 조건들을 고려하여 반복삼축압축시험이 수행되었다. 특히 상사입도 조립재료 시편들에 대해 입자크기, 하중패턴, 하중 주파수, 세립분 함유 조건 등이 탄성계수 결과에 미치는 영향에 대해 검토, 분석하였다.