• 제목/요약/키워드: Cyclic loading tests

검색결과 529건 처리시간 0.021초

극저온 환경에서 탄소섬유강화 복합재료의 수지조성변화에 따른 인장 물성 측정 (Tensile Properties of CERP Composite with Different Resin Composition under Cryogenic Temperature)

  • 김명곤;강상국;공철원;김천곤
    • Composites Research
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    • 제20권4호
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    • pp.1-8
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    • 2007
  • 본 연구에서는 에폭시 수지조합에 따른 탄소섬유강화 복합재 프리프레그 제작 및 극저온 인장시험을 통해 극저온에서 우수한 기계적 물성을 갖는 복합재 수지조합을 제시하였다. 환경챔버를 이용하여 상온으로부터 $-150^{\circ}C$ 까지 6회의 열-하중 사이클을 수행한 일방향 복합재 시편에 대하여 $-150^{\circ}C$에서 복합재의 인장강도와 강성을 측정하였다. 또한, $-150^{\circ}C$에서 복합재의 섬유수직방향 인장물성 및 면내 전단물성과 같은 모재 지배적인 물성 측정을 통해 수지조성변화가 섬유와 모재의 계면에 미치는 영향을 고찰하였다. 그 결과, bisphenol-A 형의 에폭시와 CTBN 고무 변성 형 필러를 비교적 다량으로 함유한 수지조성을 갖는 복합재 시편이 극저온에서 우수한 기계적 물성을 보임을 확인하였다.

지진 시 George Massey 침매터널의 거동에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Behavior of George Massey Immersed Tunnel during Earthquake)

  • 박성식;문홍득
    • 대한토목학회논문집
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    • 제28권4C호
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    • pp.221-230
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    • 2008
  • 캐나다 서부 밴쿠버 지역의 Fraser강 바닥의 사질토 지반에 위치한 George Massey 침매터널이 지진 시에 어떻게 거동하는 지를 연구하였다. 지진으로 발생하는 간극수압을 계산할 수 있는 유효응력모델인 UBCSAND모델을 이용하여 지진하중으로 인한 지반의 변위와 침매터널의 거동을 예측하였으며, 이를 미국 Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute(RPI)에서 실시한 원심모형실험 결과와 비교하였다. 본 연구에서 해석한 George Massey 침매터널의 원심모형실험은 2개의 모델로 구성되었으며, Model 1은 기본 모델로서 원상태 지반을, Model 2는 다짐공법으로 지반개량을 실시한 지반을 모델링하였다. 원심모형실험 Model 1에서 설계지진으로 인한 주변 지반의 액상화로 모형터널의 변위가 크게 발생하였다. Model 2에서 다짐공법으로 터널 주변 지반을 개량하였을 때 모형터널의 수직 및 수평 변위는 Model 1보다 50% 정도 감소하였다. UBCSAND모델은 원심모형실험에서 계측된 과잉간극수압, 가속도, 변위를 비교적 잘 예측할 수 있었다. 이와 같이 검증된 수치해석방법은 유사한 지반에 설치된 침매터널의 지진 시 변위와 거동을 예측할 수 있으며, 액상화에 대한 지반개량공법과 개량범위를 체적화할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

폐기물 매립장 차수시설 접촉면 전단특성에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Shear Behaviors of Geosynthetic-soil Interface in the Waste Landfill Site)

  • 박인준;곽창원;박준범;조준식
    • 한국지반공학회논문집
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    • 제28권3호
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    • pp.45-54
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    • 2012
  • 최근 쓰레기 매립장에 널리 사용되고 있는 토목섬유는 흙과의 접촉면에서 대변형 거동 및 변형율 연화 등의 전단거동 특성을 보이는데, 이는 토목섬유-흙 접촉면에서 함수비, 연직응력, 화학적 요소의 영향 등 고유물성에 기인한다. 본 연구에서는 침출수 내의 산성 및 염기성과 같은 성분의 영향이 진동하중 상태에서 토목섬유-흙 접촉면의 전단강도 감소에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 이를 위하여 이미 구축된 다기능 접촉면 시험기(M-PIA)를 수정 제작하고 200일간 수침시킨 토목섬유와 흙 시료를 이용하여 진동 직접전단시험을 수행하였고, 그 결과 교란상태개념에 기초하여 화학적 인자들에 의한 토목섬유-흙 접촉면의 화학적 전단강도 감소 특성을 교란도 함수로써 확인하였다. 또한 전계방출주사현미경(FIB)을 이용하여 화학적 인자에 따른 흙입자 및 접촉면 손상의 차이를 확인하였다.

Experimental investigation of the stress-strain behavior of FRP confined concrete prisms

  • Hosseinpour, F.;Abbasnia, R.
    • Advances in concrete construction
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    • 제2권3호
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    • pp.177-192
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    • 2014
  • One of the main applications of FRP composites is confining concrete columns. Hence identifying the cyclic and monotonic stress-strain behavior of confined concrete columns and the parameters influencing this behavior is inevitable. Two significant parameters affecting the stress-strain behavior are aspect ratio and corner radius. The present study aims to scrutinize the effects of corner radius and aspect ratio on different aspects of stress-strain behavior of FRP confined concrete specimens (rectangular, square and circular). Hence 44 FRP confined concrete specimens were tested and the results of the tests were investigated. The findings indicated that for specimens with different aspect ratios, the relationship between the ultimate stress and the corner radius is linear and the variations of the ultimate stress versus the corner radius decreases as a result of an increase in aspect ratio. It was also observed that increase of the corner radius results in increase of the compressive strength and ultimate axial strain and increase of the aspect ratio causes an increase of the ultimate axial strain but a decrease of the compressive strength. Investigation of the ultimate condition showed that the FRP hoop rupture strain is smaller in comparison with the one obtained from the tensile coupon test and also the ultimate axial strain and confined concrete strength are smaller when a prism is under monotonic loading. Other important results of this study were, an increase in the axial strain during the early stage of unloading paths and increase of the confining effect of FRP jacket with the increase and decrease of the corner radius and aspect ratio respectively, a decrease in the slope of reloading branches with cycle repetitions and the independence of this trend from the variations of the aspect ratio and corner radius and also quadric relationship between the number of each cycle and the plastic strain of the same cycle as well as the independence of this relationship from the aspect ratio and corner radius.

수평 반복하중을 받는 비내진상세 RC 중공구형교각의 거동특성 (Behavior of Bellow Rectangular RC Piers without Seismic Detailing Subjected to Cyclic Lateral Load)

  • 김재관;김익현;임현우;이재호
    • 콘크리트학회논문집
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    • 제15권2호
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    • pp.263-272
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    • 2003
  • 내진상세가 적용되지 않은 RC중공구형단면 교각의 지진 시 거동특성 및 내진성능을 파악하기 위하여 축소모델 실험을 수행하였다. 축소모델은 교각의 소성힌지영역내에 동일한 위치에서 모든 주철근이 겹침이음된 모델과 연속된 철근을 사용하여 겹침이음을 없앤 모델로 설계하였다. 실험은 축력이 재하된 상태에서 준정적 반복하중을 재하하였다. 실험결과 겸침이음모델은 주철근의 겹침이음부에서의 부착파괴가 발생하였지만 비교적 큰 연성거동을 나타냈으며 연속철근을 사용한 모델은 전형적인 휨파괴 특성과 매우 큰 연성거동을 보였다.

A study on detailing gusset plate and bracing members in concentrically braced frame structures

  • Hassan, M.S.;Salawdeh, S.;Hunt, A.;Broderick, B.M.;Goggins, J.
    • Advances in Computational Design
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    • 제3권3호
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    • pp.233-267
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    • 2018
  • Conventional seismic design of concentrically braced frame (CBF) structures suggests that the gusset plate connecting a steel brace to beams and/or columns should be designed as non-dissipative in earthquakes, while the steel brace members should be designed as dissipative elements. These design intentions lead to thicker and larger gusset plates in design on one hand and a potentially under-rated contribution of gusset plates in design, on the other hand. In contrast, research has shown that compact and thinner gusset plates designed in accordance with the elliptical clearance method rather than the conventional standard linear clearance method can enhance system ductility and energy dissipation capacity in concentrically braced steel frames. In order to assess the two design methods, six cyclic push-over tests on full scale models of concentric braced steel frame structures were conducted. Furthermore, a 3D finite element (FE) shell model, incorporating state-of-the-art tools and techniques in numerical simulation, was developed that successfully replicates the response of gusset plate and bracing members under fully reversed cyclic axial loading. Direct measurements from strain gauges applied to the physical models were used primarily to validate FE models, while comparisons of hysteresis load-displacement loops from physical and numerical models were used to highlight the overall performance of the FE models. The study shows the two design methods attain structural response as per the design intentions; however, the elliptical clearance method has a superiority over the standard linear method as a fact of improving detailing of the gusset plates, enhancing resisting capacity and improving deformability of a CBF structure. Considerations were proposed for improvement of guidelines for detailing gusset plates and bracing members in CBF structures.

Experimental Study on Low Cyclic Loading Tests of Steel Plate Shear Walls with Multilayer Slits

  • Lu, Jinyu;Yu, Shunji;Qiao, Xudong;Li, Na
    • 국제강구조저널
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    • 제18권4호
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    • pp.1210-1218
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    • 2018
  • A new type of earthquake-resisting element that consists of a steel plate shear wall with slits is introduced. The infill steel plate is divided into a series of vertical flexural links with vertical links. The steel plate shear walls absorb energy by means of in-plane bending deformation of the flexural links and the energy dissipation capacity of the plastic hinges formed at both ends of the flexural links when under lateral loads. In this paper, finite element analysis and experimental studies at low cyclic loadings were conducted on specimens with steel plate shear walls with multilayer slits. The effects caused by varied slit pattern in terms of slit design parameters on lateral stiffness, ultimate bearing capacity and hysteretic behavior of the shear walls were analyzed. Results showed that the failure mode of steel plate shear walls with a single-layer slit was more likely to be out-of-plane buckling of the flexural links. As a result, the lateral stiffness and the ultimate bearing capacity were relatively lower when the precondition of the total height of the vertical slits remained the same. Differently, the failure mode of steel plate shear walls with multilayer slits was prone to global buckling of the infill steel plates; more obvious tensile fields provided evidence to the fact of higher lateral stiffness and excellent ultimate bearing capacity. It was also concluded that multilayer specimens exhibited better energy dissipation capacity compared with single-layer plate shear walls.

2400MPa 긴장재가 적용된 포스트텐션 프리캐스트 콘크리트 보-기둥 접합부의 반복가력실험 (Reversed Cyclic Loading Test of Post-Tensioned Precast Concrete Beam-Column Connections with 2400MPa Prestressing Strands)

  • 황진하;최승호;이득행;김강수;우운택
    • 대한건축학회논문집:구조계
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    • 제33권12호
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    • pp.45-52
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    • 2017
  • The precast concrete (PC) method has many advantages in fast construction, quality control, etc. In domestic construction market, however, its application has been quite limited because of the concerns about structural integrity and seismic performances due to the discrete connections between precast concrete members. By applying the post-tensioning method, the precast beam-column connection can be well tightened, allowing improved structural integrity, and proper seismic performances can be also achieved. In this study, reversed cyclic tests have been conducted on the beam-column connection specimens, where the test variables included the compressive strength of grouting mortar and the tensile strengths of prestressing strands, based on which their seismic performances have been examined in detail. The post-tensioned PC beam-column connections showed good seismic performances comparable to that of the monolithic reinforced concrete connection specimen. When 2400 MPa prestressing strands are applied to the beam-column connection, it is preferable to adjust the prestress level similar to that applied for the 1860 MPa prestressing strands to avoid premature local crushing failures at the beam-column connections.

UBCSAND모델을 이용한 사면의 동적거동해석 (Numerical Modeling of Sloping Ground under Earthquake Loading Using UBCSAND Model)

  • 박성식;김영수;김희중
    • 한국지반공학회논문집
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    • 제22권4호
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    • pp.61-71
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    • 2006
  • 본 논문에서는 유효응력모델을 이용하여 포화된 사면의 동적거동에 관한 연구를 수행하였다. 수치해석에는 저자가 개발한 연성 유효응력모델인 UBSSAND모델을 이용하였으며, 이 모델은 초기전단응력이 수평면에 작용하는 경우와 작용하지 않는 경우를 포함한 반복 직접단순전단시험 자료를 이용하여 검증하였다. 검증된 모델은 느슨한 Fraser River 모래로 성형된 사면을 가진 원심모형모델의 동적거동을 예측하였다. 예측된 과잉간극수압, 가속도 및 변위를 계측치와 서로 비교하였으며, 예측치와 계측치는 비교적 서로 잘 일치하였다. 전단응력도의 응력전환형태는 초기전단응력과 반복전단응력의 크기에 따라 달라지며, 이는 지진시 포화된 사면의 안정해석에 아주 중요한 역할을 하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 전단응력도의 응력전환이 발생하지 않을 경우에 사면근처의 모래는 낮은 유효응력 구속압과 그에 따른 팽창성으로(부의 과잉간극수압발생) 유효응력이 증가하여, 동적하중 하의 사면의 변위를 저지하였다. 이와 같은 유효응력모델은 액상화를 고려한 지반구조물의 내진해석에 유용하게 사용될 수 있다.

Lateral deformation capacity and stability of layer-bonded scrap tire rubber pad isolators under combined compressive and shear loading

  • Mishra, Huma Kanta;Igarashi, Akira
    • Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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    • 제48권4호
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    • pp.479-500
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    • 2013
  • This paper presents the experimental as well as analytical study conducted on layer-bonded scrap tire rubber pad (STRP) isolators to develop low-cost seismic isolators applicable to structures in developing countries. The STRP specimen samples were produced by stacking the STRP layers one on top of another with the application of adhesive. In unbonded application, the STRP bearings were placed between the substructure and superstructure without fastening between the contact surfaces which allows roll-off of the contact supports. The vertical compression and horizontal shear tests were conducted with varying axial loads. These results were used to compute the different mechanical properties of the STRP isolators including vertical stiffness, horizontal effective stiffness, average horizontal stiffness and effective damping ratios. The load-displacement relationships of STRP isolators obtained by experimental and finite element analysis results were found to be in close agreement. The tested STRP samples show energy dissipation capacity considerably greater than the natural rubber bearings. The layer-bonded STRP isolators serve positive incremental force resisting capacity up to the shear strain level of 150%.