• IMMUNE NETWORK
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.52-60
• /
• 2016

Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that bridge innate and adaptive immune responses, thereby leading to immune activation. DCs have been known to recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and nucleic acids via their pattern recognition receptors, which trigger signaling of their maturation and effector functions. Furthermore, DCs take up and process antigens as a form of peptide loaded on the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and present them to T cells, which are responsible for the adaptive immune response. Conversely, DCs can also play a role in inducing immune suppression under specific circumstances. From this perspective, the role of DCs is related to tolerance rather than immunity. Immunologists refer to these special DCs as tolerogenic DCs (tolDCs). However, the definition of tolDCs is controversial, and there is limited information on their development and characteristics. In this review, we discuss the current concept of tolDCs, cutting-edge methods for generating tolDCs in vitro, and future applications of tolDCs, including clinical use.

• 한국의류산업학회지
• /
• 제17권6호
• /
• pp.881-894
• /
• 2015

The silver generation have clothing style of optimal daily life comparing than young generation because they do not participate a specific sport event but daily- life exercise. As the human body ages, the figure of the silver generation shows different body shape because upper body changes to curved figure including the belly and waist part. Therefore, clothing characteristics for the silver generation should be considered with proper function, design and textiles to optimize body movement. This study investigated various exercise types according to motion analysis of the silver generation in order to develop the design of the active T-shirts reflecting the structural properties and providing the optimum exercise circumstance. The results to consider design needs are as followed; As the T-shirts design for the flexible exercise which required frequent movement of upper body such as bending and waist twisting during body stretching, a stretch fabric applied to the waist part considering T-shirts allowance and length to make extreme elongation and support for well-fitting appearance of the T-shirts. As the T-shirts design for the instantaneous reactionary exercise, high elastic four-way stretch fabric is applied to the part of arm hole to optimize skeletal and muscle movement for entire body and arm work. As the T-shirts design for the endurance exercise such as climbing, cycling, and walking, the shoulder line of the back part has cutting line allowance to make optimum movement of the upper body but no change of the waist part.

• 농업과학연구
• /
• 제44권3호
• /
• pp.318-324
• /
• 2017

With the development of next-generation sequencing (NGS), a cutting-edge technology, genotype-by-sequencing (GBS) became available at a low cost per sample. GBS makes it possible to customize the process of library preparation to obtain high-quality single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the most efficient way. However, a GBS library is hard to construct due to fine-tuning of concentration of each reagent and set-up. The major reason for this is the presence of undigested genomic DNA (gDNA) owing to the efficiency of different restriction enzymes for different species with unknown reasons. Therefore, this proof-concept study is to demonstrate the unpredictable patterns of enzyme digestion from various plants in order to make the reader aware of the caution needed when choosing restriction enzymes for their GBS library preparations. Indeed, no pattern was found for the digestibility of gDNA samples and restriction enzymes in the current study. We suggest that more data should be accumulated on this matter to help researchers who want to apply GBS technologies in a variety of genetic approaches.

• 한국공간구조학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국공간구조학회 2006년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집 제3권1호(통권3호)
• /
• pp.214-223
• /
• 2006

Membrane structures, a kind of lightweight soft structural system, are used for spatial structures. The material property of the membrane has strong axial stiffness, but little bending stiffness. The design procedure of membrane structures are needed to do shape finding, stress-deformation analysis and cutting pattern generation. In shape finding, membrane structures are unstable structures initially. These soft structures need to be introduced initial stresses because of its initial unstable state, and happen large deformation phenomenon. Therefore, in this study, to find the structural shape after large deformation caused by initial stress, we need the shape analysis considering geometric nonlinear term. And we investigate the evaluation of shape analysis technique's convergence and efficiency according to the control method

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
• /
• 제31권2호
• /
• pp.99-118
• /
• 2021

The participants in this study were university students, who are millennials and familiar with various devices and SNS enabling hyper connection, such as smartphones, the Internet, and the Internet of Things. People are sustaining their relationships with others by using the latest technology and cutting-edge devices at will. Some purchases are made at offline stores through online information, but products are checked through offline stores and purchased online. The MZ generation, which does not always have a fixed and constant behavioral response pattern, was considered a participant in this study because the response pattern may vary depending on one's tendency to avoid uncertainty. As a result of experimenting with the MZ generation, similar results were found in all dependent variables. Advertorial and general ads treated as independent variables affected the participants' tendency to avoid uncertainty. In other words, uncertainty avoidance tendency and interaction effect were found as a result of verifying the effects on the dependent variable of ads type. In an advertorial, the group with low uncertainty avoidance tendencies showed higher dependent variable effects than the group with high uncertainty avoidance tendencies; in general ads, uncertainty avoidance tendencies were higher. The higher group showed higher dependent variable effects than the lower group. Therefore, the group with a low tendency to avoid uncertainty has a high level of dependent variable effects in the advertorial, and the group with high uncertainty avoidance tendency performs self-interpretation in general ads.

• 한국정밀공학회지
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.138-149
• /
• 1994

This paper introduces a new monitoring technique which utilizes an adaptive signal processing for feature generation, coupled with a multilayered merual network for pattern recognition. The cutting force signal in face milling operation was modeled by a low order discrete autoregressive model, shere parameters were estimated recursively at each sampling instant using a parameter adaptation algorithm based on an RLS(recursive least square) method with discounted measurements. The influences of the adaptation algorithm parameters as well as some considerations for modeling on the estimation results are discussed. The sensitivity of the extimated model parameters to the tool state(new and worn tool)is presented, and the application of a multilayered neural network to tool state monitoring using the previously generated features is also demonstrated with a high success rate. The methodology turned out to be quite suitable for in-process tool wear monitoring in the sense that the model parameters are effective as tool state features in milling operation and that the classifier successfully maps the sensors data to correct output decision.

• 한국공간구조학회논문집
• /
• 제7권3호
• /
• pp.57-66
• /
• 2007

연성구조시스템 중 하나인 막 구조물은 대공간 구조물에 많이 사용되어진다. 막 구조물은 축강성이 강하고 휨강성이 매우 작은 재료로서 구조물의 설계는 강성구조물과는 달리 형상해석, 응력-변형해석 그리고 재단도 등의 일련의 과정을 필요로 한다. 막 구조물의 형상해석은 일반적으로 초기 불안정 상태의 막 면에 초기강성을 부여함으로서 평형상태에 이르게 되는 역학적 메커니즘을 가지고 있으며, 이와 같은 곡면을 해석적으로 구하는 데는 해석상의 수렴 및 발산 그리고 오차 발생에 따른 문제를 해결해야만 한다. 본 논문에서는 막 구조물의 초기곡면을 형성하기 위한 형상탐색기법에 대한 수렴 및 오차에 관하여 연구하고, 적용된 예제의 해석 결과를 바탕으로 해가 수렴해 가는 과정 및 제어변수에 따른 수렴속도 및 효율성을 살펴본다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.6-10
• /
• 2003

각종 전처리 및 진공포장이 최소가공한 단호박 제품의 품질 특성에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 ascorbic acid, citric acid, NaCl, MgC1$_2$및 이들의 혼합조성물(1:1:1:1)을 슬라이스와 채썰기로 최소가공한 단호박에 처리하여 진공 포장한 후 저온저장 하였다. 최소가공 처리에 따른 저장 중 중량감소율은 모든 처리구에서 증가하는 경향을 나타내었으며 슬라이스 처리시 보다 채썰기한 경우 더욱 크게 나타났다. 한편 ascorbic acid 처리구는 전 시료 중에서 가장 큰 중량감소율을 나타내었으며 저장 10일경에 가장 현저한 중량감소율을 보였다. 갈변저해 효과는 슬라이스의 경우 ascorbic acid와 NaCl 및 MgC1$_2$로 처리한 구가, 채썰기의 경우 혼합조성물과 ascorbic acid가 가장 효과적이었다. 저장 중 과육의 경도는 증감을 반복하고 있으나 결론적으로 저장 후기에는 저장 초기에 비해 경도가 감소하였으며 절단 형태에 따라 다른 양상을 나타내어, 슬라이스의 경우 전처리를 행한 경우 오히려 경도가 증가하는 것을 볼 수 있으나 채썰기한 경우 전처리를 행할 경우 경도가 감소가 현저하였다. 최소가공 단호박의 호흡 양상을 살펴보면 이산화탄소의 발생량은 citric acid를 처리한 경우 가장 많았으며 이는 산소 소모량도 가장 높게 나타났다. 또한 ascorbic acid의 경우 저장 초기에는 호흡률이 높았으나 저장 후기로 갈수록 오히려 완화되는 경향을 나타내었다.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.33-42
• /
• 2010

막구조의 설계에서 막재료의 효율적인 사용을 위해서는 측지선에 의한 재단도 해석을 수행해야 한다. 막구조의 측지선 결정방법은 크게 측지요소(geodesic element)를 이용한 비선형 형상해석에 의한 방법과 임의의 곡면 형상에 대한 측지선 탐색에 의한 방법으로 나눌 수 있는데, 현재까지 이 두 가지 해석법은 모두 3절점요소에 대한 적용알고리즘 만이 제시되었고, 4절점 요소에 대한 해석법은 제시되지 않았다. 이는 막구조의 설계에서 4절점 요소의 적용을 어렵게 하는 가장 큰 요인이라고 할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 3절점, 4절점 평면요소에 동시에 적용 가능한 측지선 결정알고리즘을 제시한다. 이를 위해 저자의 이전 연구를 발전시켜 명시적 비선형 해석법인 동적이완법을 비선형 측지선 형상해석에 적용하였다. 또한 3절점요소 뿐만 아니라 4절점요소에 대해서도 측지요소의 도입에 의한 형상해석이 가능하도록 하였으며, 4절점요소와 측지선요소에 의한 비선형 형상해석 및 재단도 해석예제를 통하여 본 연구에서 제시한 알고리즘의 정확성 및 효율성을 검증하였다. 따라서 본 연구에서 제안한 측지선 형상해석알고리즘은 형상해석, 응력해석, 재단도 해석과 관련된 일련의 해석과정에 대한 4절점요소의 적용성을 높일 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.