• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.474-479
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• 2006

Purpose: To report of a series of successful reconstruction of soft tissue defect on distal leg with extensor digitorum brevis myo-cutaneous flap. Methods: Between April 2002 to December 2004, 7 patients with soft tissue defect on distal leg were operated with Extensor Digiotorum Brevis myocutaneous flap. 6 of these patients had osteomyelitis. Results: Extensor Digiotorum Brevis myocutaneous flap were used in 6 patients and reverse flow flap was used in one patient. Average follow up was 19 months. All flap were survived 100% without any complication and osteomyelitis were controled in all cases. Aesthetic and functional out come were excellent on both recipient and donor sites. Conclusion: The advantages of this flap are effectively control of local wound infection, constant and reliable anatomical structures, adequately thin flap. Technical easiness for raising flap and wide arch of rotation. Extensor Digitorum Brevis myo-cutaneous flap is one of ideal option for the reconstruction of distal leg and foot defects.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.447-455
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• 1995

Cavernous sinus thrombosis is one of the major complications of abscesses of the maxillofacial region. The initial symptoms of CST are usually pain in the eye and tenderness to pressure. this is associated with high fluctuating fever, chills, rapid pulse, and sweating. Venous obstruction subsequently causes edema of the eyelids, lacrimation, proptosis, chemosis and retinal hemorrhages. Blindness is sometimes an accompaniment of cavernous sinus thrombosis when the infection also involves the orbit. There is also cranial nerve involvement (oculomotor, troclear, abducence) and ophthalmoplegia, diminished or absent corneal reflex, ptosis, and dilation of the pupil occur. The terminal stages bring signs of advanced toxemia and meningitis. Infections of the face can cause a septic thrombosis of the cavernous sinus. Furunculosis and infected hair follicles in the nose are frequent causes. Extractions of maxillary anterior teeth in the presence of acute infection and especially curettage of the sockets under such circumstances can cause this condition. The infection is usually staphylococcal. The inflection may spread directly through the pterygoid plexus of veins and the pterygomaxillary space and then ascend into the sinus or it may spread directly from the pterygopalatine space to the orbit. This is possible because of the absence of valves in the angular, facial, and ophthalmic veins. The treatment is empirical antibiotic therapy followed by specific anbibiotic therapy based on blood or pus culture. The inflection usually involves one side, however, it may easily spread to the opposite side through the circulus sinus. Unless it is treated early, the prognosis is poor even in this doses. Occasionally the antibiotics will not adequately resolve the septic thrombus, and death ensues. the use of anticoagulants to prevent venous thrombosis has been recommended, but the efficacy of such therapy has not been substantiated. Surgical access through eye enucleation has been suggested. We report a case which demonstrates cavernous sinus thrombosis by the infection after the functional neck dissection and the intraoral reconstruction with auriculomastoid fascio-cutaneous island flap.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.843-851
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• 1995

To observe the effect of Demodex canis infection on the cellular immune response and hematological profile, 8 Doberman pinschers experimentally infected with D cains and 4 uninfected control dogs were sensitized with 2, 4-dinitro-chlorobenzene(DNCB) on the skin and were challenged with DNCB 14 days after the initial sensitization to elicit allergic contact dermatitis. Histological and hematological changes of these dogs were then observed. Macroscopic changes of skin challenged with DNCB in D canis-infected dogs included significantly reduced area of allergic reaction(p<0.05) than in uninfected control group. Infiltration of inflammatory cells in the D canis-infected group was also significantly reduced(p<0.05) than in the uninfected control group. These changes indicated that the cell-mediated immune response of the animals was suppressed by the infection with D canis. Total white blood cell count in dogs infected with D canis was increased when dogs were sensitized with DNCB (p<0.01). The result appeared to be caused by stress due to D canis infection, secondary bacterial infection and decreased efficacy of general body defense system. Blood eosionophils were increased in D canis-infected dogs which appreared to be caused by the allergic contact dermatitis. Blood chemistry analysis revealed that total protein and globulin were increased(p<0.05), while albumin level was decreased. This result appeared to be caused by secondary bacterial infection.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.75-79
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• 2008

Blunt trauma, drugs, infection, congenital anomalies of the pancreaticobiliary system, and multisystem diseases are the main causes of acute pancreatitis in children. Various viruses can cause acute pancreatitis, but varicella-induced pancreatitis is unusual and generally observed in adults or immunocompromised patients. We report a rare case of acute pancreatitis associated with varicella-zoster virus infection in a 6-year-old immunocompetent girl. The patient initially presented complaining of severe abdominal pain and repetitive vomiting. The patient had multiple cutaneous crusts that has been caused by preceding varicella infection and had elevated values of serum amylase and lipase. Abdominal ultrasonography demonstrated swelling of the pancreas and pancreatic duct dilatation, findings which were compatible with acute pancreatitis. The patient's clinical and laboratory abnormalities were completely normalized through conservative treatment consisting of fasting, total parenteral nutrition, and analgesic therapy.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.521-525
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• 1990

The present investigation confirms the zoonotic significance of Microspoum canis infection in five patients who had direct contact with diseased dogs and cats. Typical ringworm type lesions were mainly encountered on the exposed areas of the body. M. canis was isolated from the cutaneous lesions of man ana infected pets ; and also directly demonstrated in skin materials. However, the fungus could neither be recovered from the non-contact group nor from the saprobic environment. The isolates from man, dog, and cat showed similar gross as well as microscopic morphology. Further genetic studies so indicated that all the human and animal isolates of M. canis were(-) mating type. It is believed that transmission of zoophilic dermatophytes from animal to man occurs more commonly with direct exposure. In addition, the epidemiology and preventive measures are also discussed.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2013

Erythema multiforme(EM), a blistering and ulcerative inflammatory disorder, affect skins or mucosa, and is thought to be triggered mainly by preceding infection, such as Herpes simplex virus, or exposure to drugs and medication, particular antibiotics or analgesics. Symptoms include typical cutaneous target lesions on skins and in case of oral manifestation, erosive and ulcerative lesions on lips, buccal mucosa, and tongue are known to occur, which needs differential diagnosis with other intraoral lesions. In this case, EM assumed that it is occurred by giving Trichomonas infection or Metronidazole in oral region is introduced with a review of diagnosis and treatment of EM.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.29-33
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• 2014

Mucormycosis is a rare but fatal fungal infection with low survival rate in immune-compromised patients. It is caused by a fungus belonging to the Mucoraceae family of the Zygomycetes class. Mucormycosis is classified as rhino-orbital-cerebral, pulmonary, cutaneous, gastrointestinal, disseminated, and miscellaneous types according to its clinical manifestations. Early diagnosis and treatment along with correction of the underlying medical condition is important for favorable results. This case presentation describes mucormycosis involving the anterior maxillary region in a leukemic patient with prolonged neutropenia. The patient benefited from a timely biopsy and immediate treatment with amphotericin B, and was successfully managed with an interdisciplinary team approach consisting of dental and several medical specialists.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.49 no.8
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• pp.830-832
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• 2006

Immune thrombocytopenic purpura(ITP) is an autoimmune disease characterized by increased peripheral platelet destruction due to antibody to platelet, which results in thrombocytopenia and cutaneous or mucosal bleeding. Bleeding generally occurs when platelet counts fall to less than $20,000/{\mu}L$. Children affected with ITP are usually healthy prior to the onset of the disease and typically present suddenly after a viral infection or insidiously with progressive petechiae, bruising, or purpura. In most cases the disease is self-limited; approximately 80% of children recover by 6 months after diagnosis, with or without treatment. Children with thrombocytopenia persisting for more than 6 months are defined as having chronic ITP. Clinical manifestations, diagnosis, laboratory findings, differential diagnosis and various treatment modalities are reviewed.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.259-264
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• 1997

This study was carried out to determine whether dermal mast cell responses to Parasoninn westemoni in an abnormal host, the mouse, were dependent on the site of metacercarial inoculation. In mice during subcutaneous infection, the number of der- mal mast cells were increased significantly (p<0.05) at the first week ($38.3/\textrm{mm}^2$) and then persisted at a high level until the sixth week ($45.2/\textrm{mm}^2$) of infection compared with PBS- injected (control) mice (range: $19.4-25.1/\textrm{mm}^2$). In mice during oral infection, the number of dermal mast cells were increased significantly (p<0.05) at two weeks ($33.5/\textrm{mm}^2$) after infection and remained at these levels thereafter compared loth non-infected (control) mice (range: $17.4-22.3/\textrm{mm}^2$). In mice both during subcutaneous and oral infection, the recruited dermal mast cells showed extensive degranulation at the second week (68.4%) and 60.7%, respectivelyl, reached a peak at the third week (81.4%, and 92.1%, respectively) and then declined slightly thereafter. By contrast, in both control mice, about 10% of dermal mast cells were degranulated. In conclusion, this study suggests that dermal mast cell responses to p. westemcni in mice are dependent on cutaneous sensitization by larval excretory-secretory antigens, irrespective of infection route.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.255-266
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• 2004

Papillomaviruses infect a wide variety of animals, including humans. The human papillomavirus (HPV), in particular, is one of the most common causes of sexually transmitted disease. More than 200 types of HPV have been identified by DNA sequence data, and 85 HPV genotypes have been well char­acterized to date. HPV can infect the basal epithelial cells of the skin or inner tissue linings, and are, accordingly, categorized as either cutaneous or mucosal type. HPV is associated with a panoply of clin­ical conditions, ranging from innocuous lesions to cervical cancer. In the early 1980s, studies first reported a link between cervical cancer and genital HPV infection. Genital HPV infections are now rec­ognized to be a major risk factor in at least $95\%$ of cervical cancers. 30 different HPV genotypes have been identified as causative of sexually transmitted diseases, most of which induce lesions in the cervix, vagina, vulva, penis, and anus, as the result of sexual contact. There is also direct evidence demon­strating that at least four of these genotypes are prerequisite factors in cervical cancer. The main aim of this review was to evaluate the current literature regarding the pathovirology, diagnostics, vaccines, therapy, risk groups, and further therapeutic directions for HPV infections. In addition, we reviewed the current status of HPV infections in South Korean women, as evidenced by our data.