• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.158-165
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate the dyeing property and ultraviolet-cut ability on silk 100% and nylon 100% fabrics dyed with Rhus verniciflua extracts. This study was investigated K/S values, surface color, washing fastness, dry cleaning fastness and ultraviolet-cut ability of the silk and nylon fabrics dyed with Rhus verniciflua extracts under the various dyeing conditions. As mordanting were used Tin(II) Chloride dihydrate $(SnCl_2{\cdot}2H_2O)$, Copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate$(CuSO_5{\cdot}5H_2O)$, Iron(II)Chloride$(FeC_2{\cdot}4H_2O)$. pH was adjusted by sodium carbonate$(Na_2CO_3)$ and formic acid(HCOOH). The optimum dyeing temperature, dyeing time, and pH of the silk fabrics dyed with Rhus verniciflua extracts were $90^{\circ}C$, 100min, and in the nylon fabrics were $90^{\circ}C$, 45min. It were colored(munsell value) 6.4Y 7.5/4.1 in the silk fabrics and colored 4.3Y 6.6/5.9 in the nylon fabrics dyed with Rhus verniciflua extracts. Washing fastness and dry-cleaning fastness in the silk and nylon fabrics dyed with mordanting agent improved in $4{\sim}5$ grade. UV-A test showed that nylon fabrics a high rate of 92% with Rhus verniciflua extracts.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.32-41
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• 2002

To prolong freshness and to reduce a decay rate of cut flowers during storage and distribution, a new packaging paper was developed with grapefruit seed extracts(GFSE) as a natural microorganism control agent. The GFSE was fractionated in order to identify antibiotic fractions by HPLC equipped with C18-reverse phase column chromatography. Among the active fractions, three ones were identified as 1-chloro-2-methyl-benzene (ο-toluene), N, N-dimethyl-benzenemethaneamine, and 1-〔2-(2-ethylethoxy)ethoxy〕-4-(1,1,3,3- tetra methyl)-benzene, while the other three remained unidentified. The GFSE-added paper displayed an effective inhibitory activity against putrefactive bacteria and fungi which were involved in the decay of flowers. Despite excellent antimicrobial acts of the GFSE-treated packaging paper, it was not possible to prevent the cut flowers from being dehydrated during storage, which led to the reduction of their fresh weight. However, additional treatment for giving water- repellency property to the GFSE-treated paper decreased a reduction rate of the fresh weight up to around 50% compared to the only GFSE-treated one.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.190-196
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• 2011

Effectiveness of edible coatings containing soy protein isolate (SPI), in reducing oxidative browning and moisture loss during storage ($4^{\circ}C$) of cut apples, potatoes, carrots, and onions was investigated. The SPI coatings were shown to have antioxidative activity. Furthermore, addition of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) to the formulations significantly improved its antioxidative activity. Oxidative discoloration, as determined by Commission Internationale De I'Eclairage (CIE) lightness ($L^*$), redness ($a^*$), and yellowness ($b^*$) color scale, was significantly reduced (p <0.05) by SPI coating treatments over a storage time of 120 min. Loss of lightness was reduced by SPI coatings with and without CMC. These respectively showed 4.03 and 3.71% change of $L^*$ value compared to 8.56% for control. Browning of the control in cut potatoes was significantly increased by 106.6% in contrast to 34.3 and 35.2% for SPI coatings with and without CMC, respectively. The $b^*$ values also reflected effectiveness of SPI. Moisture barrier effect was significantly better for the treatments, compared to the control. SPI coatings reduced moisture loss in apples and potatoes, respectively, by 21.3 and 29.6% over the control. Cut onions did not show any treatment effect both in terms of browning and moisture loss. SPI coatings prove to be good moisture barrier and antioxidative property.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.17 no.2 s.52
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• pp.289-297
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• 2007

Slope failure that is occurred by rainfall generates a lot of property damages and loss of lives. Slope stability management and reinforcement countermeasure can be attained through continuous monitoring about various slope types that adjoin in human's life for reducing slope failure from natural and artificial cut slope hazards. The study area is rock slope that is consisted of gneiss, and large scale joint set is ranging by fault activity. This rock mass is exposed during long period and has lithological weathering property of weathered rock or soft rock. In-situ investigation carried out after divide by natural slope and cut slope. As a result, the natural slope appeared to high possibility of planar failure and wedge failure in few joint points that main joint set is formed. On the other hand, slope failure conformation in cut slope was superior only wedge failure occurrence possibility in eight joint points. In result of numerical analysis using SLIDE 2D, the minimum safety factor was analyzed slope stability for cut slope relatively low than natural slope in this study.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.26-30
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• 2012

The effect of browning inhibitors on quality properties of fresh-cut strawberries was investigated. Half-cut strawberries were treated with dipping solutions alone and with combinations of 1% ascorbic acid, 1% citric acid, 1% sodium chloride, and 1% magnesium chloride, were packaged with low density polyethylene bags, and were kept for 24 hours at $4^{\circ}C$. The levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the packages of the samples treated with the combined solutions were the highest and the lowest, respectively. The loss of L value and flesh firmness of fresh-cut strawberries was retarded by the combined solutions than by the dipping solutions alone. The soluble solids and pH were not affected by the browning inhibitor. These results suggest that mixture of ascorbic acid, citric acid, sodium chloride, magnesium chloride may prevent browning and softening of fresh-cut strawberries.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.632-639
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• 2014

2,7-Dihydroxynaphthalene bis(trimellitate anhydride) (2,7-TA) was synthesized from trimellitic anhydride chloride and 2,7-dihydroxynaphthalene. Copolyimides (Co-PI) containing ester group were synthesized from 2,7-TA, pxylylenediamine, and 2,2'-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzidine (TFB). The Co-PI films were obtained from poly(amic acid) by solution casting through thermal imidization on a glass plate. The thermal property, gas permeation, and optical transparency of the Co-PI films with various TFB monomer contents were investigated. These Co-PIs could be solution-cast into a flexible and tough film. The cast Co-PI films exhibited high optical transparency with a cut-off wavelength of 370~395 nm in UV-vis. absorption and a low yellow index value of 3.55~7.63. The thermal property of Co-PI films increased linearly with increasing TFB content. However, the oxygen permeation and optical transparency of the Co-PI films was found to worsen with increasing TFB content.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.363-369
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• 2021

In this paper, We propose variable cut-off frequency and variable sample rate small-area multi-channel digital filter for telemetry system. Proposed digital filter reduced hardware area by implementing filter banks that can variably use cut-off frequency and sample rate without additional filter banks for an arbitrary cut ratio. In addition, We propose the architecture in which sample rate can variably be selected according to the number of filters that pass through the multiplexer control. By using time division multiplexing (TDM) supported by the finite impulse response (FIR) intellectual property (IP) of Quartus, the proposed digital filter can greatly reduce digital signal processing (DSP) blocks from 80 to 1 compared without TDM. Proposed digital filter calculated order and coefficients using Kaiser window function in Matlab, and implemented using very high speed integrated circuits hardware descryption language (VHDL). After applying to the telemetry system, we confirmed that the proposed digital filter was operating through the experimental results in the test environment.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.45-50
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• 2006

Papers were prepared from cut cocoons and mulberry branches, which are byproducts from sericulture industry. The long filament of silk should be cut into appropriate length in order to prepare paper and this was achieved by chemical method. By a mixture of sodium hydroxide and sodium carbonate solution, the silk filaments were cut into short fibers (less than 1 mm in length). Since the short silk fibers (sSf) could not bind each other by itself, starch and poly(ethylene oxide)(PEO) were added as a bonding agent. When starch and PEO were used in a ratio of 3:7, the silk papers had optimum mechanical properties for paper. Fibers from the skin of mulberry branches (MBF) were added to sSf to enhance the mechanical properties of pure silk paper. Bleaching of MBF was performed with a mixture of hydrogen peroxide and sodium silicate. The mechanical properties were greatly enhanced and the optimum blend ratio of MBF and sSf were 7:3. The mulberry/silk paper has good absorption property against formaldehyde, and therefore, the paper could be applied as a wall paper for preventing the sick house syndrome.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.7-12
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• 2009

The machining process of ceramics can be characterized by cracking and brittle fracture. In the machining of ceramics, edge chipping and crack propagation are the principal reasons to cause surface integrity deterioration. Such phenomenon can cause not only poor dimensional and geometric accuracy, but also possible failure of the ceramic parts. Thus, traditional ceramics are very difficult-to-cut materials. Generally, ceramics are machined using conventional method such as grinding and polishing. However these processes are generally costly and have low MRR(material removal rate). To overcome such problems, in this paper, h-BN powder, which gives good cutting property, is added for the fabrication of machinable ceramics by volume of 10 and 15%. The purpose of this study is an analysis of endmill's rake angle for appropriate tools design and manufacturing for the machinable ceramics. In this study, Experimental works are executed to measure cutting force, surface roughness, tool fracture, on different axial rake angle of endmills. Cutting parameters, namely, feed, cutting speed and depth of cut are used to accomplish purpose of this paper. Required experiments are performed, and the results are investigated.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.139-148
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• 1995

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of super heated steam on the physical and chemical changes of burley cut tobacco. Total sugar, total alkaloid, ether extracts, crude ash, total nitrogen and pH for leaf chemical constituents were analyzed. Filling power and fineness index for physical properties, and carbonyl compounds, phenol compounds, amonia, pH, hydrogen cyanide nicotine, carbon monoxide, total volatile base and tar for smoke components were also analyzed. The cut tobacco treated with super heated steam showed significant decrease in total sugar and total alkaloid. The filling power of the sample treated with the super heated steam system was increased abruptly when heated at over 250℃. The fineness index showed similar tendency to that of common toast method. Super heated steam treatment slightly decreased carbonyl compounds, phenol compounds, hydrogen cyanide, nicotine, carbon monoxide and tar in the tobacco. Especially the decrease of ammonia was the most remarkable. The pH of smoke was a little different compared with that in the common toast. The sensory test results showed that, compared to the common conveyer moving system, the tobacco treated with super heated steam system brought out more roasted flavor, lowered impact, irritation, and sting, further improved aftertaste, and lowered bitterness. The super heated steam treatment method used in the studies is expected to give better filling power, mild taste and toasted odor of tobacco than that of the common method for toast treatment. Key words : burley tobacco, super heated steam, expansion, toast.