• KIEE International Transactions on Electrophysics and Applications
• /
• 제2C권6호
• /
• pp.309-313
• /
• 2002

In this paper, we have studied minimization of the kerf-width and surface burning, which occurred after the conventional singulation process of the multi-layer BGA board with copper, polyethylene and epoxy glass fiber. The high thermal energy of a pulsed Nd:YAG laser is used to cut the multi-layer board. The most considerable matter in the laser cutting of the multi-layer BGA boards is their different absorption coefficient to the laser beam and their different heat conductivity. The cut mechanism of a multi-layer BGA board using a 2$^{nd}$ harmonic Nd:YAG laser is the thermal vaporization by high temperature rise based on the Gaussian profile and copper melting point. In this experiment, we found that the sacrifice layer and Na blowing are effective in minimizing the surface burning by the reaction between oxygen in the air and the laser beam. In addition, N2 blowing reduces laser energy loss by debris and suppresses surface oxidation. Also, the beam incidence on the epoxy layer compared to polyimide was much more suitable to reduce damage to polyimide with copper wire for the multi layer BGA singulation. When the polyester double-sided tape is used as a sacrifice layer, surface carbonization becomes less. The SEM, non-contact 3D inspector and high-resolution microscope are used to measure cut line-width and surface morphology.

• 한국생산제조학회지
• /
• 제25권2호
• /
• pp.118-123
• /
• 2016

Overlap cutting is a fundamental method of applying abrasive water jet (AWJ) machining to milling to produce a wider surface because the nozzle outlet is approximately 1.0 mm wide. In this study, the effects of overlap cutting on the depth profile and surface roughness are investigated. The overlapping area depends on the amount of step over, which is controlled in the pick-feed direction. If the step over is equal to or larger than the diameter of the nozzle, no overlap cut occurs but large cusps remain between the cut paths. A step over as small as one-thirds of the nozzle diameter may lead to triple-overlap cutting resulting in an extraordinary depth. By using pocket milling experiments with a step over of 0.46 (or 0.47), it is verified that AWJ can produce a milled surface of titanium, one of the hard-to-cut materials, with $76{\mu}m$ Ra.

• 한국공작기계학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국공작기계학회 2001년도 추계학술대회(한국공작기계학회)
• /
• pp.43-48
• /
• 2001

In this study, the characteristics of the surface around a hole on inlet and outlet of product which are manufactured by face mill or end mill cutting with a hole or a pocket in its surface, are investigated. Furthermore, experiment for optimization of process conditions to minimize the change of characteristics of milling cut surface after a hole cutting operation, is implemented. Applying the results in this study to surface manufacturing of mold products whose surface is uneven or metal products made by diecasting, reducing the number of sequence process to obtain fine surface is expected.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
• /
• 제45권4호
• /
• pp.178-186
• /
• 2020

Background: Reactor pressure vessel (RV) with internals (RVI) are activated structures by neutron irradiation and volume contaminated wastes. Thus, to develop safe and optimized disposal plan for them at a disposal site, it is important to perform exact activation calculation and evaluate the dose rate on the surface of casks which contain cut-off pieces. Materials and Methods: RV and RVI are subjected to neutron activation calculation via Monte Carlo methodology with MCNP6 and ORIGEN-S program-neutron flux, isotopic specific activity, and gamma spectrum calculation on each component of RV and RVI, and dose rate evaluation with MCNP6. Results and Discussion: Through neutron activation analysis, dose rate is evaluated for the casks containing cut-off pieces produced from decommissioned RV and RVI. For RV cut-off ones, the highest value of dose rate on the surface of cask is 6.97 × 10-1 mSv/hr and 2 m from it is 3.03 × 10-2 mSv/hr. For RVI cut-off ones, on the surface of it is 0.166 × 10-1 mSv/hr and 2 m from it is 1.04 × 10-1 mSv/hr. Dose rates for various RV and RVI cut-off pieces distributed lower than the limit except the one of 2 m from the cask surface of RVI. It needs to adjust contents in cask which carries highly radioactive components in order to decrease thickness of cask. Conclusion: Two types of casks are considered in this paper: box type for very-low-level waste (VLLW) as well as low-level waste (LLW) and cylinder type for intermediate-level waste (ILW). The results will contribute to the development of optimal loading plans for RV and RVI cut-off pieces during the decommissioning of nuclear power plant that can be used to prepare radioactive waste disposal plans for the different types of wastes-ILW, LLW, and VLLW.

• 터널과지하공간
• /
• 제4권3호
• /
• pp.237-249
• /
• 1994

A new type of cut method, called SK-cut, was developed in order to overcome the shortcomings of the conventional V-cut and Burn-cut blasting methods. Total 190 times of test blasts were performed for the evaluation of the efficiency of new blasting method. V-cut, Burn cut and SK-cut were compared by applying them to the excavation of main gallery and construction tunnel of underground oil storage cavern. Test results showed that excavation efficiency of the new method was increased by 5.9~9.8% and that specific charge was reduced to 71~92%.

• 대한토목학회논문집
• /
• 제12권4_1호
• /
• pp.129-136
• /
• 1992

압력식(壓力式) 파고계(波高計)에서 측정(測定)되어진 압력파형(壓力波形)으로부터 수위변동(水位變動)을 추정(推定)하는 방법(方法)에 대해서 1) Fast Fourier Transform Method(FFTM), 2) Local Curvature Method(LCM), 3) Individual Wave Method(IWM)의 3가지 방법(方法)을 비교(比較)하여, 천해역(淺海域)에 있어서의 파랑측정(波浪測定)에 대한 압력식(壓力式) 파고계(波高計)의 적용성(適用性)에 대해 검토(檢討)했다. 그 결과(結果) 다음과 같은 결론(結論)을 얻었다. 1) 측정(測定)되어진 압력파형(壓力波形)으로부터 수위변동(水位變動)을 추정(推定)할 때에 사용(使用)되어지는 이론선형응답함수(理論線形應答函數)(Hp=coshkh/coshk(h+z)의 적용가능범위(適用可能範圍)(cut-off-frequency)는 $kh{\leq}3.0$이다. 그리고 kh > 3.0의 영역(領域)에 있어서의 이론선형응답함수(理論線形應答函數)는 일정치(一定値)를 부여함으로써 매우 정도높은 수위변동(水位變動)을 얻을 수 있다. 2) LCM에 의한 수위변동(水位變動)의 변환(變換)에 있어서는 측정(測定)된 압력파형(壓力波形)속에 포함되어 있는 단주기파(短週期波)들에 의해 크게 영향(影響)을 받는다. 그러므로, kh > 1.5인 영역(領域)의 압력변동(壓力變動)을 무시할 필요(必要)가 있다. 3) FFTM 및 IWM에 의해 추정(推定)되어진 통계량(統計量)의 재현성(再現性)은 양호하고, 특(特)히 평균주기(平均週期)의 재현성(再現性)으로부터 비선형성(非線型性)이 강한 영역(領域)에 있어서는 IWM이 유효(有效)한 수단이라고 사려되어진다.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
• /
• 제23권1호
• /
• pp.86-93
• /
• 2005

Abrasive waterjet (AWJ) can provide a more effective means for precision of difficult -to-machining materials such as ceramics and titanium alloys. The present study is focused on the surface roughness of abrasive waterjet cut surfaces. This paper investigated theoretical and experimental surface characteristics associated with abrasive waterjet cutting of titanium alloy Gr2. It is shown that the proper variations of several cutting parameters such as waterjet cutting pressure, cutting speed and cutting depth improve the roughness and characteristics on specimen surfaces produced by AWJ cutting. From the experimental results by AWJ cutting of titanium alloy Gr2, the optimal cutting conditions to improve the surface roughness and precision were proposed and discussed.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국정밀공학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.930-933
• /
• 2001

Titanium Alloys used in this experiment has an good corrosion resistance and specific strength, and is the new material developed for medical supplies living goods. In this study the rolled titanium alloy is done by annealing, solution heat-treatment and aging and then is worked by wire EDM. With changing the process conditions, the process properties of surface hardness, surface roughness, shape of process surface and the analysis of ingredients are measured through experiment repeating main cut and finish cut. It is confirmed to gain good measure values as increasing the number of processing of wire EDM. In this experiment the phenomena of processing is studied and the appropriate process condition is proposed.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국정밀공학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.956-959
• /
• 2001

In die and mould industry, major material such as cemented carbide is broadly used for increasing the life time and decreasing the cost. It is also required the development for the skills of wire-cut electrical discharge machining(WEDM), but the WEDMed surface was found to be worst due to the attached components of wire. Precision machining method like lapping is necessary for obtaining high quality surface. The lapping compound such as Al2O3 and SiC and cast iron lap can be used for lapping process. The components of Cu and Zn were found WEDMed surface of the specimen. As the result, the low quality of precision was obtained and the heat damage layer of the specimen was occurred. The value of surface hardness was deteriorated, and therefore finish process was required.

• 소성∙가공
• /
• 제19권5호
• /
• pp.290-295
• /
• 2010

Shaving technology is one of the significant metal forming technologies which can make the smooth and fine sheared surface of products after shearing process. The sheared surface on the side wall of the cutting edge is very important because it functions as a basic surface for measuring the dimensions of product. Effective sheared surface after shaving can be influenced by several working variables such as shaving allowance, shaving clearance, type of material and profile of cutting edge. The influence of these variables on shaving characteristics was investigated in this study. A cut-off die to make the simplified gear-shaped products was manufactured. Three kinds of sheet metals (AL5052, SPCC and SAPH440) of 3mm thickness were firstly sheared and then shaved for four shaving allowances and three sharing clearances. It was shown through experiments that the optimum working condition to give the maximum effective sheared surface in shaving was found ; Shaving allowance is 0.2mm and Shaving clearance is 0.01mm.