• 산업기술연구
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• 제18권
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• pp.259-265
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• 1998

The molecular weights of surfactant SDS(M.W. 288) and SLS(M.W. 420) are smaller than the molecular weigh cut-off of cellulose acetate membrane used in this study. However, 20% of SDS and 67% of SLS were rejected by cellulose aectate membrane. The higher rejection rate of SLS than that of SDS is due to the longer hydrophobic chain and greater molecular weight. There was no resistance to permeation rate by membrane fouling. Most of permeation resistance was due to the concentration polarization. Permeation rate was declined with operating time and with increase in concentration of surfactant due to concentration polarization.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.131-140
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• 2002

Today's environment of enterprise is changing, They have to face customer' demands with the right product, the right service and supply them at the right time. And also cut down logistics and inventory cost and bring up the profit as much as they can. This means the change of putting enterprise first in importance to putting customer first importance. therefore to correspond to customer's demand, shorting lead time is becoming a essential condition. The answer to this changes of environment is supply chain management. In this paper, It consolidates the necessity on a LTV(Life Time Value) and analyzes data which is concerned of Customer Value. Under the these environments, defines the LTV(Life Time Value) rule that can improve the customer value. We solved this problems using AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process) for consistency at relationship matrix, AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process) is based on Saaty's consistency rate. If consistency rate is under 0.1 point, preference rate's weights are acceptable. This study develop a program for AHP weights and support Satty's consistency rate.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.240-245
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• 2010

절화장미의 새로운 수경재배 방식으로 용기재배를 제시하기 위하여 배수구의 높이와 적정 배지를 설정하는 두가지 시험을 수행하였다. 용기재배 시 적정한 배수구 높이를 설정하기 위하여 규격이 $30{\times}30{\times}25cm$인 사각용기에 배수구를 0, 3, 6, 9cm 높이로 처리하였을 때 수량은 3cm 배수구 처리가 많았으나 절화품질은 처리간 차이가 발생하지 않았다. 정식후 생존율은 각각 100, 100, 92, 92%였다. 배수구 높이와 배지조성의 관계를 구명하기 위하여 배수구 높아가 0, 3cm인 용기에 배지을 코이어와 펄라이트 단용 및 혼용하여 7가지 배지를 조성하였다. 수분센서를 이용하여 수분함량이 -5kPa에 도달했을 때 급액을 했을 때 코이어 혼합비율이 높은 배지와 3cm 배수구 높이 처리가 급액횟수가 감소하였다. 화중을 제외한 절화의 상품성과 2차 수확까지의 절화 수량은 배수구의 높이에 따른 차이는 인정되지 않았고 3차 수확이후의 수량은 3cm 배수구 처리가 많았다. 배지별로는 코이어의 혼합 비율이 높은 처리에서 수량과 상품성이 우수하였다. 수량은 배수구를 높인 처리구가 절화품질과 수량이 많았으며, 펄라이트의 혼합비율이 높은 배지에서 수량이 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.499-505
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• 2009

신선절단 감자의 저장 중 갈변저해 및 일정 유통기한 확보를 목적으로 신선절단 감자에 갈변저해 물질과 blanching 처리를 적용 하였다. 사용된 갈변저해 물질은 다양한 갈변저해 물질을 조사하여 그 중 효과적인 갈변저해 현상을 나타내는 화합물 중 일부를 선정, 조합하여 갈변저해 용액(0.5% ascorbic acid+0.5% citric acid+0.5% sodium chloride+0.1% trehalose)으로 조제하고 침지 처리 하였다. 또한 이 갈변저해용액을 $60^{\circ}C$로 가온하여 저온 blanching 처리를 병행한 후 뚜껑이 있는 플라스틱(PET) 용기에 포장하여 $4^{\circ}C$에서 냉장저장 하면서 저장 중 품질 특성의 변화를 조사하였다. 저장기간의 경과에 따라 포장용기 내부의 산소 농도가 감소하고 이산화탄소의 함량은 증가하는 경향을 나타냈다. 신선절단 감자의 갈변을 가장 효과적으로 저해하는 구는 C.S.구(갈변저해용액에만 처리한 경우)로써 저장 14일 경까지도 매우 좋은 외관품질 상태를 유지하고 있었다. PPO 활성은 저장 초기 및 후기 모두 C.S.구에서 가장 낮게 나타났다. 총페놀 함량은 모든 처리구에서 저장 후기로 갈수록 감소하였으나 저장 7일경 일시적으로 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 저장 기간 경과에 따라 가용성 고형분의 함량은 증가하고 있었으며 pH와 적정산도는 각각 처리구 및 저장 기간에 따라 다르게 나타났다. 즉, 외관품질을 중심으로 C.S.구가 가장 효과적인 갈변저해 효과 및 저장품질을 나타내었다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.187-198
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• 1997

This experiment was conducted to evaluate effects of wilting and additives on fermetation characteristics, quality and aerobic stability of silage of rye(Seca1e cereale L.) harvested at the early heading stage. Harvested rye was wilted or mixed with beet pulp and then treated with formic acid or lactic acid bacteria(LAB) inoculant. Treatments were consisted of direct cut(DC), wilted(WT), beet pulp added(BP), direct cut and formate applied(DF), wilted and formate applied(WF), beet pulp and formate applied(BF), direct cut and LAB inoculated(DL), beet pulp added and LAB inoculated(BL), and wilted and LAB inoculated(WL) silages. Afler 70 days of ensiling period, the silages were opened and exposed to air for 7 days, and the silages of opening day(0 day) were compared with the silages exposed to air for 7 days(7 day). 1. LAB inoculated rye silages(DL, WL, BL) lowered pH values effectively eom the third day of ensiling and showed most stable pattern of pH changes during the initial fermentation process. Direct cut and formate applied(DF), beet pulp and formate applied(BF) and beet pulp added(BP) silages were also effective in lowering pH from the seventh day thai direct cut treatment(DC). 2. pH was low below 3.7 in all treatments of 0 day. After 7-day period of aerobic exposure, DL and WL showed considerable increases in pH from 3.5 and 3.4 to 8.3 and 6.4, respectively. 3. Direct cut rye silages(DF, DC, DL) and beet pulp and formate treatment(BF) produced effluent of 121.2, 85.9, 80.3 and 34.2 mlkg, respectively and these were greater than others(P<0.01). Beet pulp retained 1.61 I/kg of effluent at the application rate of 50 kg/t in comparing BP with DC, and formate application increased the amount of effluent in comparing DF and BF with DC and BP, respectively(P<0.01). 4. Beet pulp and LAB treatment(B1) was highest in content of lactate as 3.1% and formate treated silages(DF, WF, BF) showed lower content of lactate and total acid than others. LAB inoculated(D1, WL, BL) and wilted (WT) silages were graded to be good quality as a second group by the Flieg's score. Formate applied silages (DF, WF, BF) were graded as a foum group lower than DC by one. 5. Residual content of WSC of rye silage was higher in BP, BF, DL and BL than direct cut treatment(M3) (P< 0.01). Formate application had a tendency to increase the content of residual content of WSC. 6. For the ratio of NH3-N to Total N, wilted and LAB inoculated(W1) and direct cut and LAB inoculated(D1) silages were lowest on 0 day as 8.9 and 9.3% respectively. But after 7-day period of aerobic exposure, WL and DL showed largest increase of the ratio of $NH_3-N$ to Total N from 0 day(P<0.01). 7. On 0 day wilted(WT), beet pulp and formate treatment(BF), and beet pulp and LAB treatment(B1) were lower than direct cut treatment(DC) for NDF and ADF concentrations consistently. Formate applied silages (DF, WF, BF) made little change in ADF and NDF concentrations during 7 day period of aerobic exposure. DL and WL showed a large increase in ADF and NDF concentrations under aerobic condition(P<0.01). 8. IVDMD values of wilted(WT), beet pulp added(BP), wilted and LAB inoculated(W1) and beet pulp added and LAB inoculated(B1) silages were higher than direct-cut treatmentPC) as 84.7, 84.7, 84.4 and 83.0%, respectively on 0 day. But during 7-day period of aerobic exposure, a great decreae in IVDMD of WL was showed(P<0.01). The experimental results indicate that wilted silage(WT) could be recommended as the most effective treatment for reducing efluent and increasing quality and feed value of rye silage without deteriorating aerobic stability more than direct cut treatment(DC). Additionally, under unfavorable weather condition beet pulp added and LAB inoculated treatment(T3L) might be the possible alternative for successful ensiling of forage rye.

• 화훼연구
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.36-43
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• 2008

나리의 상자재배시 재식밀도, 배지 및 양액농도가 생육에 미치는 영향에 대하여 조사 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 재식밀도가 나리의 맹아에 미치는 영향은 14, 18 및 22구 처리가 1일 정도 맹아가 빨랐고, 개화는 22구 처리에서 가장 빨랐고 6구 식재처리가 가장 늦어 재식밀도가 높을수록 개화가 빠른 경향을 보였다. 재식밀도가 높을수록 초장생장이 증가되어 절화장이 길었으나 절화중, 화수 등 절화품질은 재식밀도가 낮을수록 증가하였다. 블라스팅이나 생리장해도 22, 18 및 14구순으로 재식밀도가 높을수록 발생율이 증가되었다. 구고, 구폭, 구중, 인편수, 인편중 모두 22구 처리를 제외한 모든 처리에서 정식전보다 우수한 결과를 나타냈으며 재식밀도가 높아질수록 구근비대가 좋지 않았고 부패율도 증가하였다. 배지성분 변화는 구근 정식전에 비해 pH는 모든 처리에서 낮아졌으며, 재식밀도가 높을수록 더욱 낮아지는 경향을 나타내었다. P, K, Ca, Mg 성분은 정식 전에 비해 높아졌으나, K와 Ca 성분은 재식밀도가 높을수록 오히려 낮아지는 경향을 나타내었다. 절화품질은 왕겨+코이어(1:1, v/v)배지가 우수하였으나 다른 배지와 큰 차이는 없었다. 또한 절화 후 구근 비대에서는 나리전용배지, 펄라이트+피트모스(1:1, v/v)배지에서 우수한 결과를 보였으며, 부패율은 왕겨+코이어(1:1, v/v)배지가 가장 높게 나타났다. 화뢰 출현기부터 절화기까지 양액농도별 처리에서 원시 1배액 처리가 절화장, 절화중, 화수 등 절화품질이 가장 좋았으며, 개화는 무처리, 원시 1/3배액 처리 순으로 농도가 낮을수록 개화가 빨랐다. 절화 시 양액 농도별 엽분석 결과 처리농도가 높을수록 N와 K의 흡수율이 높게 나타났으며, Ca와 Mg도 농도가 높을수록 증가추세를 보였으나 P는 모든 처리에서 흡수율이 가장 낮았다.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.32-37
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• 2011

Purpose: Canalicular laceration is relatively common due to its exposed, vulnerable location in case of facial trauma. Conjunctivodacryocystorhinostomy has been the standard treatment for canalicular obstruction secondary to unrepaired canalicular laceration. In spite of a high rate of relieving tear-duct obstruction, this method is noted to be associated with low rate of patient satisfaction and a number of complications. The goal of this study is to report the good results of delayed lacrimal stent implantation with Mini Monoka$^{(R)}$ for patients whose canaliculi were not repaired by initial surgery. Methods: From May of 2005 to February of 2007, four patients who underwent delayed lacrimal stent implantation using Mini Monoka$^{(R)}$ in canalicular laceration were retrospectively reviewed. First, the previous scar incision was made over the lower lid and we identified the cut end of proximal lacerated canaliculus. The Mini Monoka$^{(R)}$ was passed through the punctum to the cut end of the proximal lacerated canaliculus. We identified the cut end of the distal lacerated canaliculus, whose cut end has rolled white edges after careful excision of the scarred lid tissue. We then passed Mini Monoka$^{(R)}$ through the lacerated inferior canaliculus. Using an operating microscope, we placed three interrupted sutures of 8-0 Ethilon to join the canalicular ends. Silicone stent was left in place for 6 months. The mean age of the patients was 48.5 years (range, 35 to 59 years). The time interval from initial trauma to delayed lacrimal stent implantation was between 3 and 31 days. Follow-up periods ranged from 12 and 20 months. Results: The results of reconstruction were classified into normal, fair and poor. Patent lacrimal drainage systems were achieved in three of the four cases. In one case, epiphora was encountered. No cases of stent displacement, conjunctivitis or granuloma formation were encountered. Conclusion: Even though canalicular reconstruction was delayed for a long time, attempting canalicular reconstruction would be acceptable before considering secondary operations like dacryocystorhinostomy and conjunctivodacryocystorhinostomy.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.121-135
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• 2016

The present study is an analysis of the monitoring results of the four areas that underwent the experimental construction of Straw-net+seedspray, Vegetation media spray method(t=2cm), and Vegetation media spray method(t=3cm), with the purpose of selecting the adequate revegetation of cutting slopes in weathered granite soil. Cutting slopes are mostly designed in the Straw-net+seedspray method, but since weathered granite soil slopes tend to have an infertile soil quality that runs down, it is difficult for seed germination and growth. It is difficult to apply Straw-net+seedspray to weathered granite soil slopes considering the germination rate and coverage rate of the Straw-net+seedspray method, which accompanies erosion and scouring. The final conclusions are summarized as follows. First, Straw-net+seedspray has difficulty recruiting plants to infertile weathered granite soil, which results in a lower coverage rate and fewer species, so it is not adequate construction method. Second, Vegetation spraying methods with wet media are more advantageous in early revegetation. The wet construction methods are faster than the dry construction methods in terms of early germination and its early growth are more excellent. Third, when constructing Vegetation spray methods with dry media, it were more advantageous if the thickness was thicker. When the soil-media is thicker, the soil is resilient to droughts, so the thickness must be flexibly applied according to the soil quality and slant of the weathered granite soil slope. The present study is a monitoring result for some areas of Gangwon-do, so its results may differ from other areas.

• 한국생산제조학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.85-91
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• 2013

The machinability of wear-resistible tungsten carbides and the tool wear behavior in machining of V30 and V50 tungsten carbides using PCD (Poly Crystalline Diamond) cutting tool was investigated to understand machining characteristics. This material is one of the difficult-to-cut materials in present, but their usage has been already broadened to every commercial applications such as mining tools, and impact resistant tools etc. Summary of the results are as follows. (1) Tool wear progression of PCD tools in turning of wear-resistible tungsten carbides were observed specially fast in primary cutting distance within 10m. (2) Three components of cutting resistance in this research were different in balance from the ordinary cutting such as that cutting of steel or cast iron. Those were expressed large value by order of thrust force, principal force, feed force. (3) If presume from viewpoint of high efficient cutting within this research, a proper cutting speed was 15m/min and a proper feed rate was 0.1mm/rev. In this case, it was found that the tool life of PCD tool was cutting distance until 230m approximately. (4) In cutting of wear-resistible tungsten carbides such as V30 and V50, it was recognized that the tool wear rate of V30 was very fast as compared with V50. (5) When the depth of cut was 0.1mm, there was no influence of the feed rate on the feed force. And the feed force tended to decrease as the cutting distance was long, because the tool was worn and the tool edge retreated. (6) It was observed that the tungsten carbides were adhered to the flank.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제33권11호
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• pp.885-891
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• 2016

3D images are generally manufactured by complex production processes. We suggested a simple method to make 3D images based on a mechanical machining technology in this study. We designed a tetrahedron consisted of many arcs having the depth of $100{\mu}m$ and the pitch of $500{\mu}m$, and machined them on an aluminum plate using end-milling under several conditions of feed-rate and depth of cut. The area of undeformed chip including depth of cut and feed-rate can predict quality of the machined arcs more precisely than the undeformed chip thickness including only feed rate. Moreover, a diamond tool can improve the quality than a CBN tool when many arcs are machined. Based on the analysis, the designed tetrahedron having many arcs was machined with no burr, and it showed different images when observed from the left and right directions. Therefore, it is verified that a 3D image can be designed and manufactured on a metal plate by end-milling under optimized machining conditions.