• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2013년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.973-974
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• 2013

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.13-20
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• 2015

PURPOSES: This paper describes the expansion caused by the alkali-aggregate reaction (AAR) in concrete pavement currently in service. It also discusses the effects of joints installed to release the stress induced by the AAR expansion. METHODS: The expansion effect on concrete pavement was verified by a visual inspection and long-term measurement of the joint width of a cut-section. The behaviors of 16 newly installed joints were monitored as part of the investigation and long-term monitoring was carried out for three years after cutting. RESULTS: The behavior of a bridge was affected when AAR occurred in the connected pavement. The newly installed joints shrank in the longitudinal direction of the bridge after cutting. The width of the joints decreased over the six months after cutting. A large portion of the joint width (8.5cm) was found to have closed nine months after cutting. It had ultimately shrunk by about 92 percent when the final measurement was taken. CONCLUSIONS : The expansion of the pavement due to AAR was quantitatively described by visual inspection and the long-term monitoring of the newly cut joints. However, the width of the new joints decreased over the six to nine months after cutting. Additional research should be conducted to determine a means of controlling the expansion due to AAR in the pavement.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.7-12
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• 2000

This paper describes the bending strength properties of laminated woods which had three kinds of specimens according to finger length-12, 4.5 mm and butt joint and the acoustic emissions (AEs) generated during the test. 3-ply laminated wood beams were tension side layers (lower layers) composed of one middle lamina and two side-jointed laminae, with one butt joint ($_1BJ$), one finger joint (12mm, $_1FJ_{12}$) or one finger joint (4.5mm, $_1FJ_{4.5}$) in the middle lamina of tension side layer. And 3-ply laminated wood beams were tension side layers (lower layers) also composed of one lamina, with one butt joint (BJ), one finger joint (12mm, $FJ_{12}$) or one finger joint (4.5mm, $FJ_{4.5}$/) in tension side layer. Cryptomelia pieces were cut for butt and two finger types and glued with resorcinol-phenol resin adhesive. The results were as follows It was not effective in the bending modulus of elasicity (MOE) with IFJL type and had no difference from finger length. The bending modulus of rupture (MOR) of laminated wood beams including finger joint was the same values as that including butt feint and had no difference from finger length. It was effective in MOE with FJL type and had no difference from finger length. The effect of finger joint on MOR was much higher than that of butt joint but had no difference from finger length. The AE generation time of IFJL type was earlier than that of the control wood and the number of AE count was much more than that of the control wood. However, the AE generation time of FJL type was earlier than that of the control wood and the number of U count was much fewer than that of the control wood.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2009년도 세계 도시지반공학 심포지엄
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• pp.1283-1288
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• 2009

In general steel sheet piles are used in the containment system, which are vertical barrier systems for waste disposal and landfill purposes, and roads in excavation for temporary structure. This paper presents case study of the use of an interlocking sheet pile for water and containment. Cut-off Z-type sheet pile joints are investigated to determine their permeability from the field test. Four different joint sealing materials are used in field test. The results showed joint permeability is significant time-dependent and joint-dependent. These are explored and conclusions on permeability characteristics of different sealants are noted. A case study gives a design example as well as suggestion on permeability and water tightness can be implemented in using the sheet pile barrier in civil and environment works. From the test results, the effective sealing programs of sheet pile interlocks are suggested.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.33-40
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to define more precisely the anatomy of the thumb flexor pulley system and to determine the relative contribution of each of the pulleys to the biomechanics of thumb motion at the metacarpophalangeal (MP) and interphalangeal (IP) joints. For this, 22 hands from 11 cadavers were used and randomly assigned to two groups. In the first group, the first annular (A1) pulley was cut first followed by the variable annular (Av) pulley and then the oblique pulley. In the second group, the oblique pulley was cut first followed by the, pulley and then the Av pulley. In 7 of 22 hands, it was a transverse structure parallel to the, pulley with a gap between the A1 and Av pulleys, referred to here as type I. In 9 hands, the A1 and Av pulleys were connected without any gap (type II). In 6 hands, the space between the A1 and Av pulleys were triangular in shape with fibers of the Av pulley converging toward the radial side (type III). In biomechanical study of both first and second experiments, there was no significant difference in MCP joint flexion between the all intact, A1 section, A1/Av section, A2 intact (A1/Av/oblique section), and no pulley configuration (p>.05). In occurring displacements less than 10 mm, there was no significant difference in IP joint flexion (p>.05). However, there was a significant decrease in IP joint flexion occurred in both 15 mm and 20 mm excursion (p<.05), when the oblique pulley was resected additionally after cutting the A1 and Av pulleys in first experiment, and when the A1 pulley was resected additionally after cutting the oblique pulley. According to the results, the injury of only the oblique pulley does not decrease thumb motion significantly. The oblique pulley injury with both the A1 and Av pulleys laceration decreased thumb motion significantly. The additional laceration of the A2 pulley does not decrease thumb motion.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.74-79
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• 2012

It depends on the joint configuration, dimensions and constraints of the joint whether the residual stress at the root of single-sided butt weld is tensile or not. Therefore, recommendation is generally made that high R ratio should be used in the fatigue test of welded joint in order to prevent excessively long life caused by compressive residual stress. In this research, the residual stress profile in butt weld joint was obtained through compliance method, using successive extension of a slot and measurement of the variation of strain during the slot extension. The residual stress profile was firstly assumed to be the linear summation of Legendre polynomials up to 9th order excluding 0th and 1st order. Strain variation on the surface was measured while the slot was being extended by cutting to find out the 8 unknown coefficients of each polynomial term. The cut was made by the electric discharge machine. It was concluded that the residual stress near the surface is positive valued, however, it turned into the negative value as soon as it passed through 2 or 3 mm of the depth.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2003년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.1103-1108
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• 2003

The fatigue strength of welded joint is influenced by the welding residual stress which is relaxed depending on local stress distributed in vicinity of stress raisers, eg. under cut, overlap and blow hole. To evaluate its fatigue life the geometry of the stress raisers and the welding residual stress should be taken into account. The several methods based on notch strain approach have been proposed in order to consider the two factors above mentioned. These methods, however, have shown considerable differences between analytical and experimental results. It is due to the fact that the amount of the relaxed welding residual stress evaluated by the cyclic stress-strain relationship do not correspond with that occurred in reality. In this paper the residual stress relaxation model based on experimental results was used in order to reduce the discrepancy of the estimated amount of the relaxed welding residual stress. Under an assumption of the superimposition of the relaxed welding residual stress and the local stress, a modified notch strain approach was proposed and verified to the cruciform welded joint.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.39-48
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• 1978

본 연구에서는 3-course 구조와 2-course 구조의 랏쉘그물감을 선정하여 그 강도 특성을 조사하고, 이를 구성 섬유의 재료가 같은 매듭그물감 및 관통 그물감의 강도와 비교했다. 실험으로 부터 얻어진 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 랏쉘그물실의 강도가 랏쉘마디에서 감소하느 원인은 장력에 의한 마디의 변형 및 마디에서의 yarn 간의 마찰력에 주로 기인한다고 간주되며, 강도 감소율은 종인에서 $13\%$, 횡인에서 $22\~26\%$ 정도이다. 2. 랏쉘마디는 3-course 구조의 것이 2-course 구조의 것보다 모든 방향의 인장에서 약간 강하고, 마디 형태의 변형도 적다. 3. 주름을 준 상태에서의 랏쉘마디의 강도 $T_R$는 인접하는 다리가 이루는 각을 $\varphi$라 하면 $T_R=T_{R0}-k\varphi$ 로 주어진다. 단, $R_{R0}$는 $\varphi$가 $0^{\circ}$때의 $T_R$의 값, k는 상수이다. 4. 랏쉘그물감의 항장력 ${\sigma}R$ 및 파단에 소요되는 일량 $E_R$는 인장하는 쪽의 그물코 수를 N라 하면 ${\sigma}R=KN$ 또는 ${\sigma}R=K_RN$ 및 $E_R=AN$으로 표시되고, 파단신도는 N에 관계없이 거의 일정하다. 단, K 및 A는 상수이다. 5. 몇개의 다리가 미리 절단되어 있는 경우의 랏쉘그물감의 파단은 미리 절단되어 있는 다리에 인접한 다리의 마디로부터 일어나며, 그때의 항장력, 파단에 소요되는 일량 몇 파단신도의 감소는 비록 하나의 다리가 미리 절단되어 있는 경우라 할지라도 상당히 크다. 6. 랏쉘그물감의 파열강도는 두개의 다리를 인장한 경우의 랏쉘마디의 강도와 거의 같다. 7. 현용의 주된 세 종류의 그물감에 대해 그들을 구성하는 다리의 denier 수를 기준으로 하면, 관통마디가 가장 강하고, 매듭의 강도는 관통마디의 강도의 $69\~76\%$ 정도이다. 랏쉘마디는 종인시는 관통마디 강도의 $71\~74\%$ 로서 매듭과 거의 같은 강도를 가지지만, 횡인시는 매듭의 강도보다 약하여 $62\~67\%$를 나타낸다.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.393-402
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• 2012

정상부가 개착된 암반사면에 지중경사계를 설치하여 개착사면의 내부 거동을 계측하였으며, 국지적으로 배후면 방향으로의 거동이 관찰되었다. 사면 거동, 특히 배후면 방향으로의 거동을 유발시키는 원인을 분석하기 위하여 시추작업을 수행하였다. 추출된 시추코어를 관찰하여 사면 암반의 암석학적 취약성을 조사하였으며, 공내 BIPS 영상을 취득하여 암반의 구조적 특성을 분석하였다. 코어 절리 시료를 이용하여 불연속면의 역학적 특성을 측정하였으며, 탄질물이 협재된 절리 시료에 대한 직접전단시험을 수행하여 전단강도를 측정하였다. 사면 거동에 대한 계측결과를 사면 암반과 탄질물이 협재된 절리들의 구조적 및 역학적 특성을 종합적으로 고려하여 해석하였으며, 절리에 협재된 탄질물 및 팽윤성 점토광물의 존재에 의해 국지적인 사면거동이 지배될 수 있는 잠재성을 확인하였다.

• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.265-285
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• 1998

This Qualitative nursing research was made with a hermeneutic phenomenological approach to find out the meaning and nature of human's experience. The purpose of the inquiry is to find out the meaning and to understand the nature of Joint pain's experience of women in the island and to apply the result to nursing practice. The study was guided by Shin Kyung Rim's four step that revised van Manen's method for doing research. The method of inquiry included : turning to interesting phenomenon. inquiring and investigating experience as it was lived rather than as conceptualized ; reflecting and analyzing essential themes which characterize phenomenon ; and describing phenomenon through art and literature. Multiple strategies for data collecting were needed : deep face to face interview ; analysis of joint pain of women's writings ; describing and analysis of examples of the phenomenon in art, literature. Through this process essensial them of the experience was emerged : Misery that I would like to cut off my body, Sea wind soaking deeply into the bones, Dull pain from the postpartum cold wind, The another suffer I should endure by myself, Recrudesce despite all the try I have made, Often forgetting the pain of every Joint for hardship of life. Findings from artistic and creative inquiry further was validated and meaning was discovered. The study illuminated meaning and simultaneously validated the phenomenological research process. Essential themes for understanding women joint pain's experience, implications, for education, research and practice, direction and need for continuing inquiry were identified.