• 한국운동역학회지
• /
• 제26권4호
• /
• pp.333-341
• /
• 2016

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the consistency of the gliding and push-off motion for single leg skating from the first to fourteenth steps. We hypothesized that: 1) there would be no difference in stroke trajectory, step rate, and cycle rate between the left and right steps of gliding; and 2) there would be a difference in the resultant velocity of toe push-off and the horizontal velocity of the center of mass after six step push-offs. Method: The study included five male 500-m speed skaters (mean height, $1.80{\pm}0.02m$; mean weight, $76.8{\pm}3.96kg$; record, $35.83{\pm}0.30sec$; 100-m record, <9.97 sec). Data were collected from the first to fourteenth steps (40 m) and recorded using five digital JVC GR-HD1KR video cameras (Victor Co., Japan) operating at a sampling frequency of 60 fields/sec and shutter speed of 1/500 sec. For each film frame, the joint positions were digitized using the KWON3D motion analyzer. Position data were filtered with low-pass Butterworth $4^{th}$ order at the cut-off frequency of 7.4 Hz. Results: The right toe of the skating trajectories at $2^{nd}$, $5^{th}$, and $7^{th}$ strokes differed from those of the left toe. The angles of the right and left knee demonstrated unbalanced patterns from the flexion and extension legs. The step and cycle rates of the right and left leg differed from the start until 20 m. The resultant velocities of the toe at the push-off phase and of the body mass center diverged before the six push-offs. Conclusion: This study's findings indicate that the toe of skating trajectory on left and right sliding after push-off should maintain a symmetrical trajectory. The resultant velocity of toe push-off and horizontal velocity from the center of body need to be separated after about six step push-offs.

• 한국유통학회지:유통연구
• /
• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.41-63
• /
• 1996

In spite of economy has a critical cycle such as, production, distribution and consumption, we hardly concentrated our study to distributional system and behavior. Especially in Korea, Traditional idea had tried to ignore the people who work in this economic value at all. Manufacturers, other than retailers and wholesalers, had a belief that the manufacturing can control distributional channels forever. Unfortunately, technological and educational advances caused the quality equalization among developing and developed countries as well as among big and small manufacturers in their products. By this reason, economists are searching the economists dark continet' mentioned by Peter Drucker as a new source of wealth. According to a report by well-known economic research institute in Switzerland, Korea has classified in the lower level group in terms of international compatitive power. At the same time, business firms complain that they are suffering from lack of SOC and infrastructures. As an important mean to overcome the economic bottleneck, economists suggest in improve our distributional atmosphere. Basically, distributional study has two sub-fields as: commercial and physical distributions, Distributional system mainly concerns about to shorten the distances of time and space between production and consumption. The closer the distances, the higher efficiency can be achieved. Building distributional system will cost, but tile results will save social costs. Based on this idea, economists proposed several ways to cut the distances and to save costs, Naturally, they hope their beliefs can be adapted by business firms and governments. But frequently, their theories doesn't make any fruit. This paper has studied about the composition of joint transportational and distributional systems. And, even though there's no Marshall in tile real world at this point authors are trying to define the transportational and physical distributional costs, the most powerful factor that can impact to economic decision making.

• 대한암한의학회지
• /
• 제26권1호
• /
• pp.1-15
• /
• 2021

Objective: The aim of this review is to analyze the studies using syndrome differentiation questionnaire in cancer patients. Methods: We searched electronic databases including Pubmed, google scholar, Cochrane library, CNKI, KISS, RISS and OASIS. Key words used for searching were cancer, Korean medicine, pattern identification, and questionnaire. Studies using a symptom differentiation questionnaire to cancer patients were selected. Results: 35 studies were enrolled. A total of 17 questionnaires was used. Most of the types of included studies were observational studies, followed by randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and validation studies. The purposes of using questionnaires were rrelation analysis, outcome measurement, evaluating adverse events, subgroup analysis, and questionnaire development. The most used questionnaire was Body Constitution Questionnaire (BCQ), and it was used 8 times, Questionnaire for the Sasang Constitution Classification II (QSCC II) was used 5 times, Constitution in Chinese Medicine Questionnaire (CCMQ), TCM-Symptom Complex Differentiation Questionnaire (TCM-SCDQ), Yin Deficiency Questionnaire were used 4 times, and Qi Blood Yin Yang Deficiency Questionnaire was used twice. BCQ is a questionnaire diagnosing and evaluating yang deficiency, yin deficiency, and blood stasis. It has high reliability, validity, and optimal cut-off value. Conclusion: BCQ is the most used syndrome differentiation questionnaire in cancer-related studies. So, BCQ could be recommended in syndrome differentiation-related cancer studies.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
• /
• 제23권2호
• /
• pp.79-91
• /
• 2021

This study aims to rectify the disfigurement of bowlegged, (which means they have a gap between knees due to knee joint problems) females in their twenties through the development of pants patterns. The contents of the study are as follows: First, two types of basic pattern-making methods were selected. Two mock-ups, which were made by using these pre-selected basic patterns, were worn by three bowlegged participants and evaluated with a fit test. A basic pattern, which had good body fit was selected, which had a bubble or a wedge at in crotch area and roomy or snug upper thigh. Second, the mock-up, which was made by using the selected basic pattern, led to the outward movement of crease lines. Two types of patterns that were adjusted were evaluated through a fit test. As a result, an effective adjustment for moving the crease line to the outside or to the center was to cut along the slash line of a horizontal balance line to, but not through the crotch seam to spread the pattern at the hip. Third, three patterns were readjusted using the chosen alteration pattern, and the crotch seam and spread patterns of 1 cm, 2 cm, and 3 cm at the hip were applied. As a result of the evaluation of the fit test, three participants-the majority-showed a better fit when the spread amount in the pattern was 2 cm, although every participant did have a different gap between the knees. This study has significance in which rectifies the disfigurement of bowlegged individuals through the development of patterns for females in their twenties who are bowlegged.

• 복식문화연구
• /
• 제29권6호
• /
• pp.779-794
• /
• 2021

In this study, the sales status of female ball-jointed dolls and their parts were investi- gated and analyzed. Baseline data from 194 products and 54 brands on domestic and international Internet sites was gathered for the manufacture of ball-jointed dolls and the development of prototype costumes for them. The results are as follows. First, the sizes used for ball-jointed dolls are SD, USD, MSD, 13SD, and 70SD together with height. This study analyzed 39 sizes (15~70cm) by classifying them into numbered groups: 1 (15~22cm), 2 (23~33cm), 3 (35~51cm), 4 (53~62cm), and 5 (63~70cm). The price varied depending on the size; for example, 50cm dolls were approximately 45,000 won, while limited editions were sold at high prices, regardless of their size. They were classified into designs according to their body proportions and facial features as follows: 7- or 8-head-figure, 5-head figure, and 3-head figure, and were presented proportionally as images of women, adolescents, and infants. Second, the head was incised so that the top could be removed horizontally or the facial region vertically, allowing attachment of the eyeballs (which were either glass, resin, or acrylic) to the inside. More than 30 different colors were sold. Various wig styles were provided, including cut, short hair, and perm. These were made from human hair, heat-resistant fiber, and artificial hair. For the hands, there was a design expressing human hand gestures. For the feet, heels were in the form of wearing either high-heels or flat soles.

• 건축역사연구
• /
• 제31권6호
• /
• pp.59-68
• /
• 2022

This paper is an architectural historical study on Chimi of Hwangnyongsa Temple. In this research, the shape and cross-section of the chimi are reviewed. The results of the study are as follows. The chimi is a form in which the head part facing the maru is omitted, and the upper and lower body are separated. The upper and lower bonds are assembled into a two types of joint throughout the side of the torso, and then bound with an iron strap. Because of the absence of ridge line in the front, and the narrow curved surface which makes the side plate close to the plane, the entire cross-section is triangular, and the rear plate maintains the shape of the chimi. The naerimmaru connected to the side of the chimi has a slope, so it is clear that the chimi was used on the woojingak-jibung(hipped-roof), and the wing part and back of the chimi are erected on the side roof. The height of the yongmaru and chunyeomaru is about the same and the roofing tiles of those are in contact. The roofing tiles of chunyemaru should be cut to fit the angle of the contacting part. The maru is 30 stories high of roofing tiles as a result of the on-board survey. Based on reference on the shape and timing of the production of chimi, the height of chimi, and the maru is believed to have been built before the Unified Silla Period and used in buildings with at least seven-kan frontage. Buildings corresponding to these construction conditions can be seen as Central hall and East hall in Hwangnyongsa temple.

• 지질공학
• /
• 제18권4호
• /
• pp.447-457
• /
• 2008

절리면의 거칠기, 충전물 등의 공학적 특성과 활동면 경사, 수압하중을 고려하여 암반사면의 파괴거동을 고찰하고 파괴시기를 예측하기 위하여 모형실험이 수행되었다. 절리면 거칠기는 폭, 길이, 높이 등을 고려하여 톱니형으로 제작하였다. 충전물은 거칠기의 돌출부 높이에 대하여 일정한 충전물두께를 유지하는 방식으로 0에서 돌출부 높이의 1.2배까지 증가시켰다. 수압증가에 따른 사면의 거동양상을 파악하기 위해서는 인장균열에 완전히 가해질 수 있는 수압을 100%로 하여 0.5%/min 및 1%/min의 속도로 0%에서 파괴 시 까지 수압하중을 증가시켰다. 모형실험은 활동면 경사각 $30^{\circ}$와 $35^{\circ}$에서 각각 거칠기, 충전물 두께, 수압하중증가 등의 조합을 변화시키면서 총 50회 수행하였다. 모형실험결과 절리면의 거칠기가 없는 경우의 파괴거동 양상은 수압하중 증가 조건과 충전물의 유무에 관계없이 선형 변위거동으로 나타나는 것이 특징적이다. 거칠기가 존재할 경우에는 충전물 두께가 거칠기 높이보다 낮을 때 계단형 변위거동이, 거칠기 높이 이상일 때 지수형 변위거동이 특징적이다. 이는 충전물 두께가 거칠기의 높이를 넘어서면 절리면의 거동특성이 충전물의 공학적 특성에 좌우되기 때문인 것으로 판단된다. 파괴를 유발하는 수압하중의 크기는 절리면의 거칠기가 증가함에 따라 증가한다. 충전물의 두께가 증가할수록 거칠기의 영향이 작아져 파괴 시 수압하중은 감소한다 파괴가 임박한 시점에서 3차 크립 형태의 변위거동을 보이는 지수형의 경우에는 inverse velocity를 이용한 파괴시기 예측이 가능한 것으로 판단된다. 다만 실험에서 나타난 거동특성이 완전한 지수형이 아니고 계단형과 지수형의 중간형태로 나타나는 경우가 대부분이므로 정확한 파괴시기 예측을 위해서는 다수에 걸친 파괴시간 추정이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국농공학회지
• /
• 제24권2호
• /
• pp.49-55
• /
• 1982

The purpose of this study is to classify the factors influenced on the damages of head works suffered from the storm flood occurred on July 22 1980 in both Musim and Bochong rivers and to find out an integral counter measures against the causes influenced on the disaster of head works in the engineering aspect of planning, design, construction and maintenance. In this survey, number of samples was taken 25 head Works, and the counter measures against the causes of their disasters summarized was as follows, 1. In the aspect of planning a. As the flood water level after the establishment of head works is more increased than the level before setting of head works owing to having more gentle slope of river bed between the head works than nature slope of river bed. Number of head works should be reduced for the appropriate annexation of them b. In the place where head works is established on the curved point of levee, the destruction of levee becomes severe by the strong deflective current. Therefore the setting of head works on the curved point should be kept off as long as possible and in case of unavoidable circumstances the construction method such as reinforced concrete wall or stone wall filed with concrete and anchored bank revetments should be considered. 2. In the aspect of design a. As scoring phenomena at up stream is serious around the weir Where the concentration of strong current is present in such a place, up stream apron having impermeability should be designed to resist and prevent scoring. b. As the length of apron and protected bed is too short to prevent scoring as down stream bed, the design length should be taken somewhat more than the calculated value, but in the case the calculated length becomes too long to be profitable, a device of water cushion should be considered. c. The structure of protected river bed should be improved to make stone mesh bags fixed to apron and to have vinyl mattress laid on river bed together with the improvement for increasing the stability of stone mesh bags and preventing the sucked sand from the river bed. d. As the shortage of cut-off length, especialy in case of the cutoffs conneting both shore sides of river makes the cause of destruction of embankment and weir body, the culculation of cut-off length should be taken enough length based on seepage length. 3. In the aspect of design and constructions a. The overturing destruction of weir by piping action was based on the jet water through cracks at the construction and expansion joints. therefore the expansion joint should be designed and constructed with the insertion of water proof plate and asphalt filling, and the construction joint, with concaved shape structure and steel reinforcement. b. As the wrong design and construction of the weep holes on apron will cause water piping and weir destruction, the design and construction of filter based on the rule of filter should be kept for weep holes. c. The wrong design and construction of bank revetment caused the severe destruction of levee and weir body resulting from scoring and impulse by strong current and formation of water route behind the revetment. Therefore bank revetment should be designod and constructed with stone wall filled with concrete and anchored, or reinforced concrete wall to prevent the formation of water flow route behind the wall and to resist against the scoring and impulse of strong stream. 4. In the aspect of maintenance When the damaged parts occurred at head works the authorities and farmers concerned should find and mend them as soon as possible with mutual cooperation, and on the other hand public citizen should be guided for good use of public property.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SP
• /
• 제47권6호
• /
• pp.75-81
• /
• 2010

연골 영역화는 골관절염의 진단이나 치료를 위해 중요하지만, 모양이 얇고 의료영상 내에서 주변 조직과의 명암 차이가 크지 않기 때문에 현재까지 전문가가 많은 시간과 노력을 들여 수동으로 하고 있다. 이에 따라 본 논문에서는 3차원 자기공명(Magnetic Resonance : MR)영상 내에서 연골을 자동으로 영역화하는 기법을 제안한다. 제안하는 기법은 전문가에 의해 수동으로 영역화된 소수의 의료영상을 학습 데이터베이스로 하여 우선 연골을 지역적인 부분(local patch)들로 분할하여 부분별로 영역화한 후, 부분별 결과들을 취합하고 정제하는 과정으로 이루어진다. 연골 영역화를 위해 먼저 위치와 밝기 값의 외관정보 (appearance)를 이용하여 뼈와 연골의 경계(bone-cartilage interface)를 추출해내고, 이 경계를 기준으로 하여 연골이 포함되는 주변 영역을 일정한 크기의 패치로 분할한다. 다음, 분할된 패치들의 정보를 이용해, 패치마다 형상 사전지식(shape prior)과 외관 사전지식(appearance prior)을 얻어내고 두 사전지식 간의 비율을 적응적으로 결정한다. 이후 패치마다 사전지식 정보를 통해 에너지를 정의하고, 그래프 컷(Graph Cut) 기법을 통해 이 에너지를 최소화하는 최적의 영역화 결과를 도출한다. 마지막으로 지역적으로 얻어진 영역화 결과들을 모양 사전지식으로 하여 전체적인 연골에 대해 전역적 개선 과정을 수행한다. 실험 결과를 통해 제안하는 자동 영역화 기법으로 임상적으로 유용한 영역화 결과를 얻을 수 있음을 제시한다.

• 한국운동역학회지
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.217-226
• /
• 2007

Putting score counts about 43 % of the golf score. The dominant idea of the putting motion to amateur golfers as well as to many professional golfers is a pendulum-like motion. If a golfer's putting stroke motion is a pendulum-like motion, the putting motion should be straight-back-and-through, the same backswing, downswing, and follow through length and period, and a swing with a fixed hinge joint. If the putting motions of the human are different from the pendulum motion, there could be confusion in understanding and teaching golf putting. The purpose of this study was to examine the center of rotation(COR) of the putter head to reveal whether professional golfers really putt like a pendulum. Thirteen male professional golfers were recruited for the study. Each golfers executed 10.94 m putts six times on an artificial grass mat. Putter head position data were collected through a 60 Hz three-dimensional motion analysis system and low pass filtered with cut-off frequency of 6 Hz. COR of the putter head was mathematically acquired. Each golfer's last five putting motions were considered. The results show that the COR of the putter head was neither fixed nor located inside of the golfer. The medio-lateral directional component of the COR of the putter head fluctuated in the range of 10 cm during downswing and follow through. The anterior-posterior directional component of the COR of the putter head was fixed from the beginning of the downswing through impact. Just after impact, however, it moved to the target up to 60 cm. The superior-inferior directional component of COR of the putter head moved in a superior direction with the beginning of the downswing and showed peak height just prior to impact. During the follow through, it moved back in an inferior direction. The height-normalized peak value of the COR of the putter head was $1.4{\pm}0.3$ height. Technically speaking, male professional golfers' 10.94 m putting motion is not a pendulum-like motion. The dominating idea of a pendulum-like motion in putting might come from the image of the flawless, smooth motion of a pendulum.