• 한국잡초학회지
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.130-140
• /
• 1989

1986~1987년(年)에 야외조건하(野外條件下)의 와그너폿트에 1월(月) 1일(日) 부터 15일(日) 간격(間隔)으로 12월말(月末)까지 휴면타파(休眠打破)된 잡초종실(雜草種實)을 파종(播種)하고, 매기(每期)마다 파종후(播種後) 15일간(日間)의 발생율(發生率)을 구하여 정규성(正規性) 검정(檢定)과 정규분포도(正規分布圖)를 작성(作成)하여 발생율(發生率)의 계절분포특성(季節分布特性)을 해석(解析)한 결과(結果) 공시초종(供試草種)들이 시험지(試驗地)의 1986~1987년(年) 기상하(氣象下)에서 보인 발아율(發生率)의 월별(月別) 계절분포상(季節分布相)을 다음의 정규분포식(正規分布式)으로 결론(結論)지을 수 있었다. 피 : $y={\frac{1}{2.52{\sqrt{2{\pi}}}}}e^{-{\frac{(x-10.057)^2}{12.7}}}$ 왕바랭이 : $y={\frac{1}{2.17{\sqrt{2{\pi}}}}}e^{-{\frac{(x-9.16)^2}{9.45}}}$ 개비름 : $y={\frac{1}{7.74{\sqrt{2{\pi}}}}}e^{-{\frac{(x-10.06)^2}{15.46}}}$ 까마중 : $y={\frac{1}{2.7{\sqrt{2{\pi}}}}}e^{-{\frac{(x-9.695)^2}{14.58}}}$ 냉이 : $y={\frac{1}{2.83{\sqrt{2{\pi}}}}}e^{-{\frac{(x-9.02)^2}{16.02}}}$ 바랭이 : $y={\frac{1}{2.8{\sqrt{2{\pi}}}}}e^{-{\frac{(x-8.58)^2}{15.67}}}$ 강아지풀 : $y={\frac{1}{2.72{\sqrt{2{\pi}}}}}e^{-{\frac{(x-9.36)^2}{14.8}}}$ 명아주 : $y={\frac{1}{2.596{\sqrt{2{\pi}}}}}e^{-{\frac{(x-8.07)^2}{13.48}}}$ 쇠비름 : $y={\frac{1}{2.45{\sqrt{2{\pi}}}}}e^{-{\frac{(x-10.83)^2}{12.01}}}$ 공시종(供試種)의 집중발생기(集中發生期)는 5월(月) 하순(下旬)부터 8월(月) 초순(初旬)의 범위(範圍)이었고, 시험(試驗)이 수행(遂行)된 양년차간(兩年次間)에 차이(差異)를 크게 나타내었던 초종(草種)은 피, 강아지풀, 까마중,쇠비름 등으로서 기온(氣溫)보다는 주로 강우특성(降雨特性)에 좌우된 결과(結果)로 보였다.

• 한국표면공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국표면공학회 2000년도 추계학술발표회 초록집
• /
• pp.3-4
• /
• 2000

Many researchers are interested in the synthesis and characterization of carbon nitride and diamond-like carbon (DLq because they show excellent mechanical properties such as low friction and high wear resistance and excellent electrical properties such as controllable electical resistivity and good field electron emission. We have deposited amorphous carbon nitride (a-C:N) thin films and DLC thin films by shielded arc ion plating (SAIP) and evaluated the structural and tribological properties. The application of appropriate negative bias on substrates is effective to increase the film hardness and wear resistance. This paper reports on the deposition and tribological OLC films in relation to the substrate bias voltage (Vs). films are compared with those of the OLC films. A high purity sintered graphite target was mounted on a cathode as a carbon source. Nitrogen or argon was introduced into a deposition chamber through each mass flow controller. After the initiation of an arc plasma at 60 A and 1 Pa, the target surface was heated and evaporated by the plasma. Carbon atoms and clusters evaporated from the target were ionized partially and reacted with activated nitrogen species, and a carbon nitride film was deposited onto a Si (100) substrate when we used nitrogen as a reactant gas. The surface of the growing film also reacted with activated nitrogen species. Carbon macropartic1es (0.1 -100 maicro-m) evaporated from the target at the same time were not ionized and did not react fully with nitrogen species. These macroparticles interfered with the formation of the carbon nitride film. Therefore we set a shielding plate made of stainless steel between the target and the substrate to trap the macropartic1es. This shielding method is very effective to prepare smooth a-CN films. We, therefore, call this method "shielded arc ion plating (SAIP)". For the deposition of DLC films we used argon instead of nitrogen. Films of about 150 nm in thickness were deposited onto Si substrates. Their structures, chemical compositions and chemical bonding states were analyzed by using X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy. Hardness of the films was measured with a nanointender interfaced with an atomic force microscope (AFM). A Berkovich-type diamond tip whose radius was less than 100 nm was used for the measurement. A force-displacement curve of each film was measured at a peak load force of 250 maicro-N. Load, hold and unload times for each indentation were 2.5, 0 and 2.5 s, respectively. Hardness of each film was determined from five force-displacement curves. Wear resistance of the films was analyzed as follows. First, each film surface was scanned with the diamond tip at a constant load force of 20 maicro-N. The tip scanning was repeated 30 times in a 1 urn-square region with 512 lines at a scanning rate of 2 um/ s. After this tip-scanning, the film surface was observed in the AFM mode at a constant force of 5 maicro-N with the same Berkovich-type tip. The hardness of a-CN films was less dependent on Vs. The hardness of the film deposited at Vs=O V in a nitrogen plasma was about 10 GPa and almost similar to that of Si. It slightly increased to 12 - 15 GPa when a bias voltage of -100 - -500 V was applied to the substrate with showing its maximum at Vs=-300 V. The film deposited at Vs=O V was least wear resistant which was consistent with its lowest hardness. The biased films became more wear resistant. Particularly the film deposited at Vs=-300 V showed remarkable wear resistance. Its wear depth was too shallow to be measured with AFM. On the other hand, the DLC film, deposited at Vs=-l00 V in an argon plasma, whose hardness was 35 GPa was obviously worn under the same wear test conditions. The a-C:N films show higher wear resistance than DLC films and are useful for wear resistant coatings on various mechanical and electronic parts.nic parts.

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제33권11호
• /
• pp.915-922
• /
• 2023

동백꽃으로부터 분리된 24 Leuconostoc spp. 균주들에 대한 항균활성 분석 결과, Leuconostoc mesenteroides DB3가 E. coli, Salmonella Typhimurium, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans 등에 대해 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 내산성 분석결과 pH 2.5까지는 내성이 존재하고, pH 2.0에서는 내성이 존재하지 않았지만, 비교적 우수한 내산성이 존재했다. 담즙산에 대해서는 시험 구간내에서는 모두 안정한 것으로 관찰되었다. L. mesenteroides DB3는 표준균주인 L. mesenteroides KCTC3505에 비교하여 성장력이 늦은 것으로 나타났고, 생육적온은 30℃로 관찰되었다. 30℃에서 성장곡선의 관찰결과, L. mesenteroides DB-3는 L. mesenteroides KCTC3505에 비교하여 성장이 지연되었고, 18시간 이후에 정지기에 도달되었다. pH 변화는 성장곡선에 연동하여 변화되었지만, pH 3.98 이상에서 유지되었다. L. mesenteroides DB-3는 L. mesenteroides KCTC3505에 비교하여 초기 항균활성이 높았지만, 대수증식기 후반부 이후에는 유사한 것으로 나타났다. 유산 함량은 성장 곡선에 연동되어 나타났으며, 초기에는 L. mesenteroides DB-3가 낮게 생성되었지만, 대수증식기 후반부 이후에는 유사하였다. 뮤이신 부착력은 L. mesenteroides DB-3가 L. mesenteroides KCTC3505보다 우수한 것으로 평가되었다. 등유에 대한 유화 능력은 L. mesenteroides KCTC3505와 DB-3 모두 우수한 것으로 나타났으며, 소수성이 강한 바이오계면활성제인 것으로 추정된다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때, 본 연구에 사용된 Leuconostoc mesenteroides DB3는 우수한 항균력, 내산성, 내담즙성 및 뮤이신 부착력에 기인하여 프로바이오틱스로써 활용 가능성이 높은 것으로 평가된다.