• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.179-186
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• 2020

Investigating damage potential of the railway infrastructure requires either large amount of case histories or in-depth numerical analyses, or both for which large amounts of effort and time are necessary to accomplish thoroughly. Rather than performing comprehensive studies for each damage case, in this study we collect and analyze a case history of the high-speed railway system damaged by the 2004 M6.6 Niigata Chuetsu earthquake for the development of the seismic fragility curve. The development processes are: 1) slice the railway system as 200 m segments and assigned damage levels and intensity measures (IMs) to each segment; 2) calculate probability of damage for a given IM; 3) estimate fragility curves using the maximum likelihood estimation regression method. Among IMs considered for fragility curves, spectral acceleration at 3 second period has the most prediction power for the probability of damage occurrence. Also, viaduct-type structure provides less scattered probability data points resulting in the best-fitted fragility curve, but for the tunnel-type structure data are poorly scattered for which fragility curve fitted is not meaningful. For validation purpose fragility curves developed are applied to the 2016 M7.0 Kumamoto earthquake case history by which another high-speed railway system was damaged. The number of actual damaged segments by the 2016 event is 25, and the number of equivalent damaged segments predicted using fragility curve is 22.21. Both numbers are very similar indicating that the developed fragility curve fits well to the Kumamoto region. Comparing with railway fragility curves from HAZUS, we found that HAZUS fragility curves are more conservative.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.363-372
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• 2022

One of the most frequent issues in tunnel excavation is the collapse of rock blocks and the dropping of rock fragments from the tunnel face. The tunnel face can be reinforced using a number of techniques. One of the most popular and affordable solutions is the use of face longitudinal dowels, which has benefits including high strength, flexibility, and ease of cutting. In order to examine the reinforced face, this work shows the longitudinal deformation profile and ground response curve for a tunnel face. This approach is based on assumptions made during the analysis phase of problem solving. By knowing the tunnel face response and dowel behavior, the interaction of two elements can be solved. The rock element equation derived from the rock bolt method is combined with the dowel differential equation to solve the reinforced ground response curve (GRC). With a straightforward and accurate analytical equation, the new differential equation produces the reinforced displacement of the tunnel face at each stage of excavation. With simple equations and a less involved computational process, this approach offers quick and accurate solutions. The FLAC3D simulation has been compared with the suggested analytical approach. A logical error is apparent from the discrepancies between the two solutions. Each component of the equation's effect has also been described.

• 정보과학회 논문지
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.769-780
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• 2015

디지털곡선에 있어서 잡음은 지역적으로 급격한 곡률 변화를 일으키므로 이를 없애거나 그 영향을 완화시키기 위해 평균을 이용한 스무딩 기법을 많이 사용한다. 그런데 스무딩은 그 정도가 지나치면 원래 형태의 특징을 왜곡시키거나, 이미지의 면적이 많이 감소될 수 있고 스무딩이 적으면 잡음이 충분히 제거되지 않는 문제점이 있다. 이 연구에서는 화소로 구성된 디지털 곡선에 대해서 반복적 평균 스무딩의 반복횟수, 이웃 점간의 거리, 평균을 위한 가중치와 스무딩 후의 점의 이동거리 등의 파라메터들 관계를 수학적으로 표현하고, 이 관계를 이용하여 스무딩 곡선을 입력곡선으로부터 허용오차 이내에 있도록 거리오차를 제어하는 방법과 스무딩 속도를 개선하는 방법을 제안한다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.590-597
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• 2010

NRCS Curve Number (CN) method is widely used for practical purposes in the field by engineers and researchers to calculate direct runoff from total rainfall. However, CN is obtained from antecedent moisture condition and soil characteristics and so it has some problems due to its uncertainty. Therefore this study estimated CN of a watershed using asymptotic CN method which can estimate CN by rainfall and runoff data and compared the result with representative CN given by WAMIS. And we performed runoff simulation for rainy season of Bocheong stream by CN regression equation. From the result, we showed that it could be more reasonable to simulate direct runoff using watershed CN regression equation than WAMIS CN. Furthermore, we knew that the equation is more sensitive to small rainfall event.

• 물과 미래
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.101-111
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• 1977

The analysis performed here is aimed to increase the familiarity of hydrologic process especially for the small basins which are densely gaged. Kyung An and Mu Shim river basins are selected as a represectative basin according to the criteria which UNESCO has establisheed back in 1964 and being operated under the auspice of Ministry of Construction. The data exerted from these basins is utilized for the determination of the characteristics of precipitation and runoff phenomena for the small basin, which is considerred as a typical Korean samll watershed. The methodology developed by Soil Conservation Service, USA for determination of runoff value from precipitation is applied to find the suitability of the method to Korean River Basin. The soil cover complex number or runoff curve number was determined by considering the type of soil, soil cover, land use and other factor such as antecent moisture content. The averag values of CN for Kyung An and Mushim river basins were found to be 63.9 and 63.1 under AMC II, however, the values obtained from soil cover complex was less than those from total precipitation and effective precicpitation by 10-30%. It may be worth to note that an attention has to be paid in the application of SCS method lo Korean river basin by adjusting 10-30% increase to the value obtained from soil cover complex. Finally, the design flood hydrograph was consturcted by employing unit hydrograph technique to the dimensionless mass curve. Also a stepwise multiple regression was performed to find the relationship between runoff and API, evapotranspiration rate, 5 days antecedent precipitation and daily temperature.

• 한국산업정보학회논문지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2018

본 논문은 듀얼 에너지 X-ray 검색기의 영상을 이용한 물질의 추정 방법 알고리즘을 제안한다. 물질 추정 알고리즘으로 많이 사용되는 기존 4가지 분별 곡선 이외에 로그 함수를 사용한 새로운 분별곡선을 이용하여 물질을 분류한다. 여기에 기존의 선형 보간을 이용한 원자번호 추정 방법이 아닌 확률분포를 이용한 원자번호 추정 방법을 제시한다. 확률분포를 이용한 가중치 계산에는 근접한 두 기준물질을 사용하는 방법과 모든 기준물질을 사용하는 방식, 2가지 방식을 실험하였다. 확률분포를 가중치로 사용하여 물질의 원자번호를 추정 할 경우 기존의 방법보다 더 정확한 원자번호 추정 결과를 나타내었다. 추정된 원자번호를 육안으로 확인하기 위하여 HSI 모델을 이용하여 결과영상에 채색하였다.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2008년도 추계학술대회A
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• pp.1314-1319
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• 2008

Fatigue reliability problems are nowadays actively considered in the design of mechanical components. Recently, Dimension Reduction Method using Kriging approximation (KDRM) was proposed by the authors to efficiently calculate statistical moments of the response function. This method, which is more tractable for its sensitivity-free nature and providing the response PDF in a few number of analyses, is adopted in this study for the reliability analysis. Before applying this method to the practical fatigue problems, accuracies are studied in terms of parameters of the KDRM through a number of numerical examples, from which best set of parameters are suggested. In the fatigue reliability problems, good number of experimental data are necessary to get the statistical distribution of the S-N parameters. The information, however, are not always available due to the limited expense and time. In this case, a family of curves with prediction interval, called P-S-N curve, is constructed from regression analysis. Using the KDRM, once a set of responses are available at the sample points at the mean, all the reliability analyses for each P-S-N curve can be efficiently studied without additional response evaluations. The method is applied to a spring design problem as an illustration of practical applications, in which reliability-based design optimization (RBDO) is conducted by employing stochastic response surface method which includes probabilistic constraints in itself. Resulting information is of great practical value and will be very helpful for making trade-off decision during the fatigue design.

• International Journal of CAD/CAM
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2005

The traditional method of manipulation of knots and degrees gives poor quality of surface, if compatibility of input curves is not good enough. In this work, a new algorithm of multiple refitting of curves has been developed using minimum energy based formulation to get compatible curves for skinning. The present technique first reduces the number of control points and gives smoother surface for given accuracy and the surface obtained is then skinned by compatible curves. This technique is very useful to reduce data size when a large number of data have to be handled. Energy based technique is suitable for approximating the missing data. The volumetric information can also be obtained from the surface data for analysis.

• 전자공학회논문지S
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• 제34S권12호
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• pp.90-97
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• 1997

This paper presents a new algorithm for surface segmentation and feature description. The algorithm extracts the signature of an edge image based on the signature technqique[12] in the first stage. If there exists a range in the angle axis where more than two signatures form a closed curve, we can conclude there is a surface inside the range. Using this feature of the signature, surfaces can be segmented. The surface features such as number of vertices, number of edges, and type of surfaces can also be extracted by finding the signatures of individual surfaces. This algorithm has distinguished advantages: it can easily recover the lost part occuring in the edge iage using the curve fitting method and it can extract surface features even when surfaces are rotated in 3-D space.

• 전기의세계
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.167-171
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• 1981

In this paper, the mathematical model of influenza derived by the state space method induced a new model by using normal distribution curve of incubation period and researched the effect of vaccination. The important results are as follows. (1) A new model represents accurate spread curve. (2) The standard deviation period in Korea is about 1.5 degree. (3) The number of carries of influenza since put in practice to the vaccination 20% is reduced by average 9.8% degree, the period of spread increase 4 days degree. (4) The vaccination at early put in operation was far surperior and the period of spread grow longer more or less. (5) In the first stage of an attack of disease a case increase since reducing. (6) The number of carries at night is reduced by average 5.468% than in the daytime.