• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.120-138
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• 1995

In order to find smoking status and its related factors for female students, a survey was conducted for 1,045 female students of a women's university in Seoul from 22nd of May to 18th of June, 1995. The results were as follows: 1. Of the 1,045 respondents, 7.4% of them were current smokers and 20.6% of them were ex-smokers. The rate of smoking by the major field of study was 18.5% in art and physical education, 10.6% in liberal art and social science, 1.9% in natural science, and 1.2% in medical science. The rate of smoking by the grade was 4.1% in the freshman, 5.9% in the sophomore, 10.9% in the junior, and 10.0% in the senior grade. 2. 7.2% of respondents experienced first smoking at junior high school, 16.8% at senior high school, 4.1% after high school, and 69.2% at college. 3. The major motivation to start smoking was 'curiosity'(57.9%), 'releasing stress'(21.6%), and 'temptation from friend or senior'(12.0%). 4. The first smoking place was 'entertainment place'(49.6%), 'own room'(20.5%), and 'school '(11.3%). And the first smoking companion was 'friend'(62.3%), 'alone'(19.9%), and 'senior or junior'(5.1%). 5. The average quantity of a daily smoking was 6.16±5.29 cigarettes in current smokers and 31.2% of them had experience to quit smoking at least one or more time. 6. Most of the reasons to quit smoking in ex-smoker were due to 'bad taste '(60.5%), 'health concern'(27.4%) and 'religion'(2.3%). 7. Current smoker and ex-smoker had more positive attitude for the female smoking than nonsmoker. And 76.7% of nonsmokers answered that they would not smoke in the future. 8. Most correspondents(89.8% of nonsmoker, 83.7% of ex-smoker, 80.5% of current smoker) strongly supported the antismoking movement. 9. The major information source in smoking were from 'radio, TV'(51.0%), 'newspaper, magazine'(38.8%) and 'school'(7.7%). 10. The multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the related factors for smoking status were satisfaction of home life, coffee intake, alcohol drinking, sister's smoking, girl friend's smoking, and knowledge about smoking.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.71-79
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify effects of family support and quality of life on smoking cessation in patients with coronary artery disease. Method: Data were collected using a self-reported questionnaire included smoking history, family support and quality of life (QOL). The participants were 159 male patient with coronary artery disease who were current smokers or ex-smokers. A logistic model was developed to estimate the likelihood of current smoker or ex-smoker. Results: Of the participants, 28.3% were current smokers and 71.7% were ex-smokers. The mean score for family support was 27.41 for positive support and 23.11 for negative support. The mean score for QOL was 50.48. There were significant differences in QOL according to smoking status. The predictors of smoking cessation were social interaction QOL and self-control QOL, and duration of smoking. The model correctly classified 89.5% of ex-smokers and 44.4% of current smokers and the correct classification for the total was 76.8%. Conclusion: Social interaction QOL, self-control QOL and duration of smoking were significant variables in prediction of smoking cessation. QOL should be considered in developing smoking cessation interventions. It is advisable to also examine the mediating effect of family support on quality of life.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.22-28
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in food and nutrient intake by smoking status among Korean. Food and nutrient intake in relation to smoking status was studied in 7,370 adults, aged 20 years and older in 1998 Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey, in which 24 hour recall method was used for dietary survey. Information of subject's smoking status was collected by interview as a part of health behavior survey. Analysis of variance was used to test the differences in food and nutrition intake among subjects following after Duncan's multiple range test among four different smoking exposure categories. Food intake of male ex-smoker was the highest in most of the food groups among the four groups of daily current smoker, occasional current smoker, ex-smoker and never smoker. There was significant differences observed in food intake of sugar, fruits, beverage, seasoning by the smoking status. It had been also observed that significantly high intake of energy from carbohydrate in non smoker compare to current smoker especially in male subjects. Fiber and vitamin C intake was also higher among non-smoker (never smoker and ex-smoker) than current smoker. In general, food and nutrient intake pattern of ex-smoker resembled those of never smoker than those of current smoker. Not likely the observation from European and American studies, fat intake was not statistically different between smoker (current) and non-smoker (ex-smoker and never smoker) among Korean.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.402-406
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• 2017

Transit workers constitute a blue-collar occupational group that have elevated smoking rates relative to other sectors of employed adults in the United States. This study analyzed cross-sectional tobacco survey data from 935 workers (60% African American; 37% female) employed at an urban public transit agency in California. Prevalence of current and former smoking was 20.3% and 20.6%, respectively. Younger workers were less likely than older workers to be current or former smokers. Having a complete home smoking ban was associated with decreased likelihood of being a smoker [odds ratio (OR) = 0.04, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.01-0.17], as were neutral views about whether it is easy for a smoker to take a smoking break during their shift (OR = 0.50, 95% CI 0.28-0.88). Current smoking among the sample is > 50% higher than the adult statewide prevalence. Potential points of intervention identified in this study include perceived ease of worksite smoking breaks and establishing home smoking bans. Tailored cessation efforts focusing on older transit workers more likely to smoke are needed to reduce tobacco-related disparities in this workforce.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.276-283
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• 2017

Background: Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) has rapidly increased. Even though e-cigarettes are actually not smoking cessation alternative supplies, some people perceive them as smoking cessation alternative supplies. The purpose of this study is to identify the relationship between e-cigarette experiences and smoking cessation behaviors among Korean adults. Methods: Cross-sectional data was collected from 7,550 participants of Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2014. A total of 867 participants who were current smokers were enrolled in this study. Multi-variable logistic regression analysis were performed to identify the relationship between the smoking cessation behavior and the e-cigarette experience. Results: The e-cigarette experience rate of current smokers was 22.1%. The e-cigarette experience rate was higher in groups with the higher income, the higher education level, and the white collar jobs. Smokers with experience of smoking cessation (odds ratio [OR], 3.03; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.67 to 5.76) and with intention to smoking cessation in the future (OR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.05 to 2.43) were more likely to experience the e-cigarette. Especially, smokers who used smoking cessation alternative supplies were more likely to experience the e-cigarette than smokers who did not use it (OR, 2.87; 95% CI, 1.59 to 5.18). Conclusion: We confirmed that e-cigarette experiences were associated with smoking cessation experience, smoking cessation plan, and use of smoking cessation aid among smokers in Korea. Additional studies should be continued to confirm whether e-cigarette are continuously influencing the smoking cessation of current smokers in South Korea as one of the smoking cessation alternative supplies.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.339-345
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• 2006

Objectives: This study (a) investigated the rate of smoking cessation sucess for current male smokers, and (b) identified the factors that are associated with the smoking cessation success. Methods: Data were collected from four follow-up surveys of 700 current male smokers. The follow-up period was from December 2004 to June 2005. Success of smoking cessation was defined as "maintaining a smoking cessation status for six months". The demographic and socioeconomic factors included age, the household income level and, occupation. The smoking behavioral factors were composed of the amount of smoking, the duration of smoking, the age of initiating smoking, the willingness to quit, the frequency of trying to quit smoking and the smoker's attitude toward the anti-smoking policies. Results: The proportion of quitters increased from 6.6% to 11.0% during the follow-up period. The majority of quitters answered that the increase of tobacco price acted as cue to achieve smoking cessation. The age-standardized experience and success rate of smoking cessation were 16.0% (95% C.I.=13.0% to, 19.0%) and 4.5% (95% C.I.=3.0% to, 6.0%), respectively. On the multivariate analysis, success for smoking cessation was associated with the willingness to quit smoking, low prior tobacco consumption, and agreement on the tobacco price increase. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that the recent anti-smoking policies provided an opportunity to quit smoking. The results of this study can be used to establish evidence for further anti-smoking policies.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.266-276
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify variables related to smoking behaviors (never smoked, former smoker, current smoker) among college students on the basis of the PRECEDE model. Method: Data were collected from 327 college students in Chungbuk Province from May to June 2006 using a self-reported questionnaire. Result: The rate of current smokers was 19.0%. The rate of current smokers in male students (41.1%) was significantly higher than that of female students(8.3%). Also, there were significant differences by general characteristics such as major, academic achievements, satisfaction with major and alcohol consumption. Number of smokers among five close friends was 1.72 and it showed significant differences among different gender, majors, levels of satisfaction with majors and alcohol consumption. In discriminant analysis, discriminant variables on smoking behavior were the number of smokers among close friends, the referent persons' responses about smoking and subject's belief about smoking. Conclusion: These research findings suggest that we can enhance the prevention of college students' smoking by strengthening the related factors such as enforcing a non-smoking environment and strengthening college health education strategies of non-smoking including a negative belief of smoking and the hazard of passive smoking.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.24-36
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• 2023

Purposes: The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors associated with current smoking status in Wonju-si and Chuncheon-si, and to study the cause of difference in smoking rates between these two regions. Methodology: Data was from the National Health Insurance Service database from 2019 to 2020. Current smoking status was based on the response to the health examination questionnaire. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify factors associated with current smoking status. The study included 207,307 individuals from Wonju-si and 173,698 individuals from Chuncheon-si. Findings: The smoking rate of Wonju-si was 19.83%, and Chuncheon-si was 18.20%, showing a difference in the smoking rates between the two regions. Logistic regression analysis found that men, those aged 40-49, being a self-employed insured, a medical-aid beneficiary, having a lower income, working in construction, transport, storage, communication, or manufacturing industries, having a high-risk drinking level and being underweight were significantly associated with a higher likelihood of smoking(p<0.05). Additionally, having a chronic disease was associated with a lower likelihood of smoking in the case of Chuncheon-si(p<0.05). Practical Implication: This study found the differences of factors associated with smoking rates between the two regions and could provide implications for establishing intervention programs or policies that could contribute to lowering the smoking rate in areas with high smoking rates.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.154-163
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• 2013

Current principles of designating a smoking area within a non-smoking area rely on mere compartmentalization. This causes non-smokers aversion against smokers and smokers complaints about anti-smoking policies, which means both of them are not satisfied with the current scheme. In addition, such a system, far from the original intent of the law, does not provide appropriate respect for people's rights. The biggest problem of the current scheme is that smoking areas are not separated from non-smoking areas. Japan has continued installing independent smoking areas since 2002 and witnessed a decrease in the smoking rate. The country's success is attributable to: the state's active intervention in connection with enterprises; continuous environmental improvements and creation of goods; 'smoking etiquette' campaigns; and the sociality and group consciousness of Japanese people. It is recognized that the synergy of the designation of independent smoking areas and such multi-faceted efforts has led to the nation's accomplishment. Hence, it is required to install independent smoking areas in non-smoking areas in Seoul in order to respect the rights of smokers and non-smokers and resolve conflicts between them. It is not suitable to merely model after Japan's case, however, studies and guidelines that are tailored to Korea's own environment and social atmosphere are required. To ensure that the people recognize the necessity for smoking areas, a social consensus is formed and proper smoking areas are established in a systemic manner, a system for that purpose should connote a symbol of the social consensus and consequent guidelines should take physical elements, human activities and semantic assignment into consideration. This study aims to present basic guidelines to install separated smoking areas, which will keep distance between smokers and non-smokers, form a social consensus and establish a sound smoking culture. These would ensure that the rights of both smokers and non-smokers are fully respected and that government policies are trusted by the people.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.18-29
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to analyze the smoking behavior and to provide the basic data required to develop a smoking cessation program. The study subjects were 407 industrial workers in Jecheon. The data were collected using a structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed by the SPSS 10.0 system using descriptive statistics, t-test, and Chi-square test. The study results were as follows 1. Current smokers were $64.0\%$, ex-smokers were $19.1\%$. and non-smokers were $16.9\%$. 2. The most common motives of smoking were anger. anxiety, depression. and stress in the workplace. 3. In smoking habits, about $65.1\%$ of the current smokers smoked 11-20 cigarettes/day, and $91.0\%$ had smoked for more than 5 years. The smoking areas of the workplace were outdoor $37.9\%,\;rest\;room\;34.2\%,\; lobby\;23.0\%,\;corridor\;21.4\%,\;and\;office\;8.6\%$. 4. Regarding smoking cessation, $78.2\%$ of current smokers had attempted. The frequency of smoking cessation attempts was 1-3 or less in $67.2\%$ of smokers. The duration of smoking cessation was 1-3 month or less in $61.6\%$ of the smokers. 5. The mean score for smoking knowledge was 17.62, smoking attitude 75.74. and perceived health state 12.27. 6. There were significant differences between smokers and non-smokers 10 smoking attitude (t=5.29, p=0.00), and perceived health state(t=6.47, p=0.00). 7. As a result of the homogeneity test, both types of smoking and perceived health state proved to have significant differences in the change of health state compared with 4 weeks ago'$(x^2=20.26,\;p=0.00)$ and the level of satisfaction of health state in activities of daily living'$(x^2=15.47,\; p=0.05)$. The important findings of this study showed that a smoking cessation program needs to be developed to enhance the negative smoking attitude. to promote the perceived health state through smoking cessation, to encourage the intention of smoking cessation, and to develop strategies of stress management.