• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.739-748
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• 2019

For recanalization of emergent large vessel occlusions (ELVOs), endovascular therapy (EVT) using newer devices, such as a stent retriever and large-bore catheter, has shown better patient outcomes compared with intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator only. Intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS) is a major cause of acute ischemic stroke, the incidence of which is rising worldwide. Thus, it is not rare to encounter underlying ICAS during EVT procedures, particularly in Asian countries. ELVO due to underlying ICAS is often related to EVT procedure failure or complications, which can lead to poor functional recovery. However, information regarding EVT for this type of stroke is lacking because large clinical trials have been largely based on Western populations. In this review, we discuss the unique pathologic basis of ELVO with underlying ICAS, which may complicate EVT procedures. Moreover, we review EVT data for patients with ELVO due to underlying ICAS and suggest an optimal endovascular recanalization strategy based on the existing literature. Finally, we present future perspectives on this subject.

• Clinical Endoscopy
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.726-735
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• 2022

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has a global presence with rapidly increasing incidence and prevalence. Patients with IBD including those with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease have a higher risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC) compared to the general population. Risk factors for CRC in patients with IBD include long disease duration, extensive colitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, family history of CRC, stricture, and prior dysplasia. Surveillance colonoscopy for CRC in patients with IBD should be tailored to individualized risk factors and requires careful monitoring every year to every five years. The current surveillance techniques are based on several guidelines. Chromoendoscopy with targeted biopsy is being recommended increasingly, and high-definition colonoscopy is gradually replacing standard-definition colonoscopy. However, it remains unclear whether chromoendoscopy, virtual chromoendoscopy, or white-light endoscopy has better efficiency when a high-definition scope is used. With the development of new endoscopic instruments and techniques, the paradigm of surveillance strategy has gradually changed. In this review, we discuss cutting-edge surveillance colonoscopy in patients with IBD including a review of literature.

• Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.45-50
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• 2019

Incidence of rectal neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) has increased tremendously over the decades due to disease awareness and widespread use of screening colonoscopy. Although NEN has been recognized as malignant disease, most rectal NENs are initially found as small mass confined to the submucosa, which can be removed completely through various endoscopic treatments with good prognosis. In this review, we summarize the treatment options focusing on localized T1 rectal NEN by comparing representative international guidelines and discuss current controversies on the management. We also discuss various resection techniques focusing on endoscopic resection.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.158-165
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• 2024

Over the past few decades, there has been a notable increase in the incidence of pediatric obesity, which is a significant public health concern. Children who are obese have a greater risk of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, polycystic ovary syndrome, obstructive sleep apnea, and adult obesity. Lifestyle modification therapy is typically the initial approach to treat pediatric obesity. For patients who do not achieve success with lifestyle modification therapy alone, pharmacotherapy is the next logical treatment option. When selecting an anti-obesity medication (AOM), it is essential to first ascertain the medical background of the patient, including current medications and obesity-associated comorbidities. Evaluation of obesity phenotypes in patients may also be beneficial. AOMs for pediatric obesity include metformin, orlistat, glucagon-like peptide 1 agonists, phentermine, and the phentermine/topiramate combination. Sufficient lifestyle modification therapy should be administered before considering pharmacotherapy and continued after the initiation of AOM. To ensure healthy development, monitoring growth and puberty development during anti-obesity treatments is essential.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.197-204
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• 2016

Objectives: In the context of the global decrease in mortality due to gastric cancer, previous studies have reported that the effect of chronic Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection on the incidence of gastric cancer varies among regions. This systematic review was conducted to investigate H. pylori as a risk factor for gastric cancer in Korea, where the incidence of gastric cancer is among the highest in the world. Methods: A search strategy was established to identify articles published in Korean as well as in English. Ultimately, we included observational studies conducted among Korean patients that designed with an age-matched and sex-matched control group that reported the odds ratio associated with H. pylori. Gastric cancer cases were subdivided into overall (OGC), cardia (CGC), non-cardia (NGC), early (EGC), advanced, intestinal (IGC), and diffuse forms of gastric cancer. Summary odds ratios (SORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated in the meta-analysis using a random-effect model. Results: Eleven case-control studies were ultimately selected. H. pylori was associated with an SOR of 1.81 (95% CI, 1.29 to 2.54) for OGC. Additionally, statistically significant risks were observed for CGC, NGC, EGC, and IGC. Conclusions: Chronic H. pylori infection was found to raise the risk of gastric cancer among Koreans, with the highest risk observed for CGC and EGC (SOR=2.88 for both). Follow-up clinical epidemiologic studies are needed to assess the effects of current treatments aimed at eradicating H. pylori infections.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.133-136
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• 2013

Retrobulbar hemorrhage is a rare but serious complication after blepharoplasty, mid-face injury, and treatment of facial bone fractures. The incidence of postoperative retrobulbar hemorrhage is 0.055% with an incidence of associated permanent blindness of 0.005%. A 69-year-old male came to the emergency room with pain on both orbital areas and uncontrolled bleeding after cosmetic lower blepharoplasty performed at a private clinic. He had not been evaluated preoperatively by the private clinic, but we found that he had undergone percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty and taken anticoagulants for 10 years. We performed an emergency operation to evacuate the hematoma. However, after surgery, he persistently complained of orbital pain, pressure and diminished visual acuity. Intraocular pressure was increased, and computed tomography demonstrated a retrobulbar hemorrhage with globe displacement. Emergent lateral canthotomy and cantholysis were performed. Intraocular pressure was decreased to 48/30 mm Hg immediately after the operation, falling within the normal range the next day. We recommend three points to minimize loss of vision by retrobulbar hematoma. Firstly, careful preoperative evaluation must be conducted including current medications, underlying diseases and previous history of surgeries. Secondly, cautious postoperative observation is important for the early diagnosis of retrobulbar hematoma. Lastly, immediate treatment is crucial to prevent permanent blindness.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.22
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• pp.9859-9863
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• 2014

Genetic epidemiological studies have shown that genetic susceptibility to esophageal cancer (EC) is an important cause of its high incidence within families in some areas of China. The purpose of this study was to obtain evidence of a genetic basis of EC in Xin-an and Xin-xiang counties in China. Familial aggregation and complex segregation analyses were performed of 79 EC families in these counties. The heritability of EC was examined using Falconer's method and complex segregation analysis was conducted with the SEGREG program in Statistical Analysis for Genetic Epidemiology (SAGE version 5.3.1). The results showed that the distribution of EC in families did not fit well into a binomial distribution. The heritability of EC among first-degree and second-degree relatives was $67.0{\pm}7.31%$ and $43.1%{\pm}9.80%$, respectively, and the summing up powered heritability was $53.2{\pm}6.74%$. The segregation ratio was 0.045. Complex segregation analysis showed that the genetic model of EC was additive. The current results provide evidence for an inherited propensity to EC in certain high-risk groups in China, and support efforts to identify the genes that confer susceptibility to this disease.

• New & Renewable Energy
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.30-39
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• 2013

Multi-crystalline silicon solar cells is not exist a specific crystal direction different from single crystalline silicon solar cells. In functional materials, therefore, isotropic wet etching of mc-Si solar cell is easy the acid solution rather than the alkaline solution. The reflectance of wet texturing process is about 25% and the reflectance of RIE texturing process is achieved less than 10%. In addition, wet texturing has many disadvantages as well as reflectance. So wet texturing process has been replaced by a RIE texturing process. In order to apply BIPV, RIE and wet textured multi-crystalline silicon solar cell modules was manufactured by different kind of EVA sheet. Moreover, in case of BIPV, the short circuit current characteristics according to the angle of incidence is more important, because the installation of BIPV is fixed location. In this study, we has measured SEM image and I-V curve of RIE and wet textured silicon solar cell and PV module. Also we has analyzed quantum efficiency characteristics of RIE and wet textured silicon solar cell for PV modules depending on incidence angle.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.347-355
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• 1994

Thirty farmers, representing three major deer counties in Kyung-Kee province and 50 farmers scattered in Chung-Buk province were interviewed to determine the current status of the Korean deer industry. Items surveyed were general information, farmed deer breeds. farm facilities, feeding and nutrition, hygiene and disorder incidence, velvetting, income sources, products and their sale, management problems and herd size control. The 888 deer farmed in Kyung-Kee province included spotted deer (Cervus nippon. 69.4%), red deer (Cervus elaphus, 6.1%), wapiti (Cervus elaphus canadensis, 12.2%), spotted $\times$ red deer hybrids (6.2%), red deer $\times$ wapiti hybrids (4.6%). and fallow deer (Dama dama, 1.5%). Poor information on feeding was evidenced by wide variation among farms of daily feed supply and ratios of forage to concentrate, and poor nutritional considerations according to physiological status of deer. Hygiene needed more attention. The incidence of diseases and disorders was high: enteritis (73.3% in Kyung-Kee province), fractures (60.0%), and dystocia (56.7%). The major source of farm income was velvet antler and its blood. To improve productive efficiency, attention should be given to improving farm facilities, simplified product marketing, developing standard feeding system, and economic grazing system.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.63 no.4
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• pp.415-426
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• 2020

Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are congenital anomalies of the cerebrovascular system. AVM harbors 2.2% annual hemorrhage risk in unruptured cases and 4.5% annual hemorrhage risk of previously ruptured cases. Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) have been shown excellent treatment outcomes for patients with small- to moderated sized AVM which can be achieved in 80-90% complete obliteration rate with a 2-3 years latency period. The most important factors are associated with obliteration after SRS is the radiation dose to the AVM. In our institutional clinical practice, now 22 Gy (50% isodose line) dose of radiation has been used for treatment of cerebral AVM in single-session radiosurgery. However, dose-volume relationship can be unfavorable for large AVMs when treated in a single-session radiosurgery, resulting high complication rates for effective dose. Thus, various strategies should be considered to treat large AVM. The role of pre-SRS embolization is permanent volume reduction of the nidus and treat high-risk lesion such as AVM-related aneurysm and high-flow arteriovenous shunt. Various staging technique of radiosurgery including volume-staged radiosurgery, hypofractionated radiotherapy and dose-staged radiosurgery are possible option for large AVM. The incidence of post-radiosurgery complication is varied, the incidence rate of radiological post-radiosurgical complication has been reported 30-40% and symptomatic complication rate was reported from 8.1% to 11.8%. In the future, novel therapy which incorporate endovascular treatment using liquid embolic material and new radiosurgical technique such as gene or cytokine-targeted radio-sensitization should be needed.