• Nonlinear Functional Analysis and Applications
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.189-201
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• 2022

The aim of the current work is to investigate the numerical study of a nonlinear Volterra-Fredholm integro-differential equation with initial conditions. Our approximation techniques modified adomian decomposition method (MADM) and variational iteration method (VIM) are based on the product integration methods in conjunction with iterative schemes. The convergence of the proposed methods have been proved. We conclude the paper with numerical examples to illustrate the effectiveness of our methods.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.325-330
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• 1999

This study aims to observe the inhibition of methane generation, the decomposition of organic matter, and the trend of outflowing leachate, using the simulated column of the anaerobic sanitary landfill structure of sulfate addition type which is made by adding sulfate to a current anaerobic landfill structure, and the simulated column of semi-aerobic landfill structure in the laboratory which is used in the country like Japan in order to inhibit methane from a landfill site among the gases caused by a global warming these days, and at the same time to promote the decomposition of organic matter, the index of stabilization of landfill site. As a result of this study, it is thought that the ORP(Oxidation Reduction Potential) of the column of semi-aerobic landfill structure gradually represents a weak aerobic condition as time goes by, and that the inside of landfill site is likely to by in progress into anaerobic condition, unless air effectively comes into a semi-aerobic landfill structure in reality as time goes by. In addition, it can be seen that the decomposition of organic matter is promoted according to sulfate reduction in case of $R_1$, a sulfate-added anaerobic sanitary landfill structure, and that the stable decomposition of organic matter in $R_1$ makes a faster progess than $R_2$. Moreover it can be estimated that $R_1$, a sulfate-added anaerobic sanitary landfill structure has an inhibition efficiency of 55% or so, compared with $R_2$, a semi-aerobic landfill structure, in the efficiency of inhibiting methane.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.167-177
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• 2016

This work investigated the decomposition of aqueous anatoxin-a originated from cyanobacteria using an underwater dielectric barrier discharge plasma system based on a porous ceramic tube and an alternating current (AC) high voltage. Plasmatic gas generated inside the porous ceramic tube was uniformly dispersed in the form of numerous bubbles into the aqueous solution through the micro-pores of the ceramic tube, which allowed an effective contact between the plasmatic gas and the aqueous anatoxin-a solution. Effect of applied voltage, treatment time and the coexistence of nutrients such as $NO_3{^-}$, $H_2PO_4{^-}$ and glucose on the decomposition of anatoxin-a was examined. Chemical analyses of the plasma-treated anatoxin-a solution using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and ion chromatography (IC) were performed to elucidate the mineralization mechanisms. Increasing the voltage improved the anatoxin-a decomposition efficiency due to the increased discharge power, but the energy required to remove a given amount of anatoxin-a was similar, regardless of the voltage. At an applied voltage of 17.2 kV (oxygen flow rate: $1.0L\;min^{-1}$), anatoxin-a at an initial concentration of $1mg\;L^{-1}$ (volume: 0.5 L) was successfully treated within 3 min. The chemical analyses using LC-MS and IC suggested that the intermediates with molecular weights of 123~161 produced by the attack of plasma-induced reactive species on anatoxin-a molecule were further oxidized to stable compounds such as acetic acid, formic acid and oxalic acid.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제75권4호
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• pp.425-434
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• 2020

Practical non-synoptic fluctuating wind often exhibits nonstationary features and should be modeled as nonstationary random processes. Generally, the coherence function of the fluctuating wind field has time-varying characteristics. Some studies have shown that there is a big difference between the fluctuating wind field of the coherent function model with and without time variability. Therefore, it is of significance to simulate nonstationary fluctuating wind field with time-varying coherent function. However, current studies on the numerical simulation of nonstationary fluctuating wind field with time-varying coherence are very limited, and the proposed approaches are usually based on the traditional spectral representation method with low simulation efficiency. Especially, for the simulation of multi-variable wind field of large span structures such as transmission tower-line, not only the simulation is inefficient but also the matrix decomposition may have singularity problem. In this paper, it is proposed to conduct the numerical simulation of nonstationary fluctuating wind field in one-spatial dimension with time-varying coherence based on the wavenumber-frequency spectrum. The simulated multivariable nonstationary wind field with time-varying coherence is transformed into one-dimensional nonstationary random waves in the simulated spatial domain, and the simulation by wavenumber frequency spectrum is derived. So, the proposed simulation method can avoid the complicated Cholesky decomposition. Then, the proper orthogonal decomposition is employed to decompose the time-space dependent evolutionary power spectral density and the Fourier transform of time-varying coherent function, simultaneously, so that the two-dimensional Fast Fourier transform can be applied to further improve the simulation efficiency. Finally, the proposed method is applied to simulate the longitudinal nonstationary fluctuating wind velocity field along the transmission line to illustrate its performances.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2001년도 추계학술대회 논문집 Vol.14 No.1
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• pp.545-549
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• 2001

We have produced electrolyte solution out of 1.15M $LiPF_6$ EC/EMC/DEC/PC(30/55/10/5 by vol%) as a reference, and at the same time, performed basic physical property test using a single solvent of 1.15M $LiPF_6$ DEC, DMC, EMC and a 2 component electrolyte solution of 1.15M $LiPF_6$ EC/DEC(1/2 by vol%) and PC/DEC(1/2 by vol%). Cyclic Voltammetry Analysis showed that, compared to existing carbonate organic solvent, the addition of DEC,DMC and EMC brought the de-decomposition peak of salt anion of $PF_6$ and the solvent at lower oxidization potential of 2.3V, 0.7V and 2.1V(vs. $Li/Li^+$). In addition, a kinetics current peak, in which intercalation of Lt is proceeded at 750mV, 450mV(vs. $Li/Li^+$), was confirmed. These findings suggest that the DEC solvent decomposition occurred at an electric potential lower than that of oxidization of existing carbonate organic solvent. Through the impedance analysis, we checked electric charge transfer resistance($R_{ct}$) according to the electric potential of $Li^+$ intercalation at 750mV(vs. $Li/Li^+$), which was the same as the resistance ($R_f$) and cyclic voltammetry of SEI film that was formed at Reference. By doing so, we found that the significant decrease of polarization resistance($R_p$) when Reference was played a part in the formation of compact SEI layer at the initial decomposition reaction.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.55-84
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• 2015

한국은 OECD 국가 가운데 교토협약에 따른 온실가스 감축의무를 갖지 않는 몇 안 되는 국가이다. 한국은 자발적으로 2015년부터 강력한 온실가스 감축을 단행하기로 하였다. 정부의 현정책들은 온실가스 감축에 따른 경제성장의 저하를 감안하지 않고 있어, 이 정책의 지속성이 제약된다. 이 점에서 산업의 부문별 특성을 감안한 감축전략이 더욱 친환경적 전략이 될 수 있다. 이 연구는 혼합단위를 사용한 에너지 산업연관분석에서부터 온실가스 배출에 유의미한 산업을 선정해 분해분석을 함으로써 유용성을 검증하였다. 유의미한 산업은 '유기화학기초제품군'과 '시멘트 및 콘크리트 산업'을 대상으로 삼았다. 변이는 에너지 소비, 생산, 공정개선 그리고 신시설의 도입 효과로 구분해 실증되었다. 이 연구에서 디비지아 분해분석 결과치들이 부분적으론 불안정적 시계열 패턴을 보였으나, 전체분석 과정으로 보면 일련의 분석과정은 대상산업의 에너지 사용과 온실가스 배출의 행태를 이해하기에 충분한 정보를 제공하였다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2001년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.545-549
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• 2001

We have produced electrolyte solution out of 1.15M LiPF$\sub$6/ EC/EMC/DEC/PC(30/55/10/5 by vol%) as a reference, and at the same time, performed basic physical property test using a single solvent of 1.15M LiPF$\sub$6/DEC, DMC, EMC and a 2 component electrolyte solution of 1.15M LiPF$\sub$6/ EC/DEC(1/2 by vo%%) and PC/DEC(1/2 by vol%). Cyclic Voltammetry Analysis showed that, compared to existing carbonate organic solvent, the addition of DEC, DMC and EMC brought the de-decomposition peak of salt anion of PF$\sub$6/$\^$-/ and the solvent at lower oxidization potential of 2.3V, 0.7V and 2.1V(vs. Li/Li$\^$+/\`). In addition, a kinetics current peak, in which intercalation of Li$\^$+/ is proceeded at 750mv, 450mv(vs. Li/Li$\^$+/), was confirmed. These findings suggest that the DEC solvent decomposition occurred at an electric potential lower than that of oxidization of existing carbonate organic solvent. Through the impedance analysis, we checked electric charge transfer resistance(R$\sub$ct/) according to the electric potential of Li$\^$+/ intercalation at 750mv(vs. Li/Li$\^$+/), which was the same as the resistance (R$\sub$f/) and cyclic voltammetry of SEI film that was formed at Reference. By doing so, we found that the significant decrease of polarization resistance(R$\sub$p/) when Reference was played a part in the formation of compact SEI layer at the initial decomposition reaction.

• 한국생산제조학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.139-144
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• 2011

This paper presents a boundary element application to determine the optimal impressed current densities at defect position on the pipe line. In this protection paint, enough current must be impressed to lower the potential distribution on the metal surface to the critical values. The optimal impressed current densities are determined in order to minimize the power supply for protection. This inverse problem was formulated by employing the boundary element method. Since the system of linear equations obtained was ill-conditioned, including singular value decomposition, conjugate gradient method were applied and the accuracies of these estimation. Several numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the practical applicability of the proposed method.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.454-463
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• 2006

폐수처리방법으로는 분해가 어려운 유해화합물을 효과적으로 정화처리 할 수 있는 방법 개발을 위해, 최근 주목받고 있는 새로운 AOP(advanced oxidation process, 고급산화법) 공정인 초음파분해와 전기분해를 함께 이용하여 연구하였다. 대상 물질은 TCE(trichloroethylene)와 2,4-DCP(2,4-dichlorophenol)이며, 각 공정의 분해효율과 특성을 구하기 위해 각 시료물질들에 대해 초기농도, 초기 pH, 초음파 power 그리고 전류밀도 등을 변화시키며 최적 분해 조건을 조사하였다. 또한 시료물질에 대한 라디칼 포착제로 알려진 NaHCO3의 영향을 조사하여 각 시료물질의 분해반응 경로를 간접적으로 확인한 결과는 다음과 같다. TCE는 열분해반응이 지배적이며, 2,4-DCP 경우는 열분해반응 못지않게 라디칼 분해반응도 경쟁적으로 일어난다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 초음파와 전기분해를 동시에 적용시켰을 때, 두 시료 모두에서 120분 이내, 65% 이상 제거율을 보였으며, 제거율은 초기농도가 높을 때 그리고 초음파 power와 전류밀도가 증가할수록 향상되었다. 그리고 초기수용액의 pH 영향 실험에서는 TCE는 산성수용액에서 제거율이 높지만 2,4-DCP의 경우에는 알칼리성 수용액에서 제거율이 높은 것으로 나타났다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.392-400
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• 2004

This research uses the $TiO_2$/UV process to verify the most suitable condition and possibility to dispose dyeing wastewater that contains pigment and a large amount of pollutants. For this, this research has enforced experiments that compare photo adsorption, photolysis, and photo catalyst oxidation reaction, and also evaluated and analyzed the change of pH and $TiO_2$ dosage, irradiation rates of ultraviolet rays and the dosage change and injection method of $H_2O_2$. According to the results of the dyeing wastewater experiment of storehouse catalyst that uses the new form of $TiO_2$, the photo catalyst oxidation reaction proved to be more effective than photo adsorption and photolysis; 35%, 21% in the case of $TCOD_{cr}$ and 39%, 28% in the case of chromaticity. Taking into consideration the reaction time, amount of photo catalyst reaction and irradiation amount of ultraviolet rays, the decomposition efficiency of pH change proved to be most effective at pH 4. On the whole, the acidity area proved to be effective in dyeing water exclusion than neutral and alkalinity areas. Having evaluated the influence of $TiO_2$ dosage, not only does the decomposition efficiency continuously improve as the $TiO_2$ dosage increases but the shielding effect does not occur also when the $TiO_2$ is at a fixed state. The influence of ultraviolet irradiation amount concluded in the result that as the ultraviolet irradiation amount increases the decomposition efficiency continually increased, but in the case of chromaticity when the irradiation amount was higher than 37.8mW/cm2 the removal efficiency is slowed remarkably. The influence of $H_2O_2$ dosage evaluation reached the results that although the decomposition efficiency increases with the increase of $H_2O_2$ dosage, when above 150mg (total dosage: 1200mg) $H_2O_2$ consumes OH radical itself and reduces the decomposition efficiency. Also in the case of the $H_2O_2$ injection method rather than injecting in the whole amount of $H_2O_2$ (1200mg) needed at the beginning all at once, injecting divided quantities of $H_2O_2$ whenever the electric current density falls below 10mgfl reduces the wases of OH radical due to an excess of $H_2O_2$ and in tum heightens the decomposition efficiency.