• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.33-39
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• 2014

An area presenting new opportunities for both legitimate business, as well as criminal organizations, is Cloud computing. This work gives a strong background in current digital forensic science, as well as a basic understanding of the goal of Law Enforcement when conducting digital forensic investigations. These concepts are then applied to digital forensic investigation of cloud environments in both theory and practice, and supplemented with current literature on the subject. Finally, legal challenges with digital forensic investigations in cloud environments are discussed.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.11C no.6 s.95
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• pp.739-746
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• 2004

License mechanisms are the key elements in almost all DRM(digital rights management) systems. The license mechanisms are designed for the clear identification and enforcement of contents, principals, and usage rules in DRM systems. But current license mechanisms are lacking in the flexibility for the secure and efficient sharing of the contents among the members of a group such as a family or a part of an enterprise. This paper suggests a new license mechanism for efficient and secure sharing of contents in DRM systems among the members of a group. We named it member/group license mechanism. The mechanism extends the current license mechanisms by introducing new concepts such as group licenses, member licenses, and derivation relationships between licenses.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.126-136
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• 2016

Purpose: The purposes of this review were to address misconceptions of childhood fever and fever management practice among parents and health care providers, and to identify the scientific evidences against such misconceptions and practices. Methods: Journal databases and clinical guidelines from 2000 to 2015 were searched. The search terms were fever, fever management, misconception, myth, fiction, fact, fever phobia, child, antipyretics, tepid bath, alternating use/combined use of antipyretics, and physical cooling method. Results: There are significant gaps between current concepts and practices, and the scientific evidence. Misconceptions and unrealistic concerns about childhood fever still exist among parents and even health care providers, worldwide. The evidences suggest that antipyretics should be given carefully with the aim of relieving discomfort or pain rather than decreasing the temperature itself. Alternating use of antipyretics should be discouraged due to the risk of confusion and error. Antipyretics do not prevent febrile convulsions. Moreover, the scientific evidence does not support tepid sponge massage. Conclusion: Evidence-based childhood fever management interventions should be targeted toward parents and health care providers. By adopting an evidence-based approach to nursing interventions, pediatric nurses can ensure children receive appropriate and safe fever management.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.169-179
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• 2012

The development history, the current situation and the future of the performance-based seismic design of building structures in China are presented in this paper. Firstly, the evolution of performance-based seismic design of building structures specified in the Chinese codes for seismic design of buildings of the edition 1974, 1978, 1989, 2001 and 2010 are introduced and compared. Secondly, in two parts, this paper details the provisions of performance-based seismic design in different Chinese codes. The first part is about the "Code for Seismic Design of Buildings" (GB50011) (edition 1989, 2001 and 2010) and "Technical Specification for Concrete Structures of Tall Building", which presents the concepts and methods of performance-based seismic design adopted in Chinese codes; The second part is about "Management Provisions for Seismic Design of Outof-codes High-rise Building Structures" and "Guidelines for Seismic Design of Out-of-codes High-rise Building Structures", which concludes the performance-based seismic design requirements for high-rise building structures over the relevant codes in China. Finally, according to those mentioned above, this paper pointed out the imperfections of current performance-based seismic design in China and proposed the possible direction for further improvement.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.68-75
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• 2012

This paper presents a comparative analysis of the parallel operation of different switches in a DC/DC converter. In high power applications, multi-switch PWM power conditioners may be preferred despite a higher component count, due to the absence of low frequency filters, reduced switching losses and fault tolerance. The paper demonstrates how current sharing (CSH) and time sharing (TSH) lead to the reduction of switching stress in the parallel operation of switches in any converter. The solutions proposed in this study can be applied on different scales to other power conditioners for DC/DC converter systems. Discussions of the concepts, hypotheses and computer simulations are verified by 1 kW experimental results.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Interior Design Conference
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• 1999.04a
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• pp.23-26
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to scrutinize the current tendency of Universal Design. The analysis unit was presentation in the proceeding of "The first International Universal Design Conference" which was held at New York in June, 1998. Sixty the presentations in the conference were analyzed using Content Analysis technique. The analysis criteria were academic vs. practical, themes, subjects, levels of UD concepts, design principles applied, and type of disability. The results were as follows. Compared with its early characteristics such as practical approach, architectural living environment, barrier free for the disabled, especially for person with mobile disability using wheelchair, and the emphasis of accessibility, UD characteristics shown in the conference evidenced a dramatic shift from them toward the new century : Its subjects became a wide range of people including the disabled departing from 'the disabled' only; The range of disability was expanded to include visual and audial disability departing from mobility only; Themes appeared very diverse such as both small and large scale environments, products, dissemination, and theory from the 'architectural environment'; Various design principles were added to early accessibility ; Commercialism was added to early Welfarism. Therefore, this conference provided empirical evidence that UD changed considerably from its early development in many aspects. It indicated the potential of UD as a big wave in the 21st century design.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.26 no.10
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• pp.1167-1167
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• 1999

Although spatial databases support an efficient spatial management on objects in the real world, they have a characteristic that process only spatial information valid at current time, So in case of change in the spatial domain, it is very hard to support an efficient historical management for time-varying spatial information because they delete an old value and then replace with new value that is valid at current time. To solve these problems, there are rapidly increasing of interest for spatiotemporal databases, which serve historical functions for spatial information as well as spatial management functions for an object. However most of them presented in an abstract time-varying spatial phenomenon, but have not presented a concrete policy in spatiotemporal databases. In this paper, we propose a spatiotemporal data model that supports bitemporal time concepts in three dimensional architecture. In the proposed model, not only data types and their operation for object of spatiotemporal databases have been classified, but also mathematical expressions using formal semantics for them have been given. Then, the data structures and their operations based on relational database model as well as object-oriented database model are presented.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.301-308
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• 2012

In the treatment of mandibular condyle fracture, conservative treatment using closed reduction or surgical treatment using open reduction can be used. Management of mandibular condylar fractures remains a source of ongoing controversy in oral and maxillofacial trauma. For each type of condylar fracture,the treatment method must be chosen taking into consideration the presence of teeth, fracture height, patient'sadaptation, patient's masticatory system, disturbance of occlusal function, and deviation of the mandible. In the past, closed reduction with concomitant active physical therapy conducted after intermaxillary fixation during the recovery period had been mainly used, but in recent years, open treatment of condylar fractures with rigid internal fixation has become more common. The objective of this review was to evaluate the main variables that determine the choice of an open or closed method for treatment of condylar fractures, identifying their indications, advantages, and disadvantages, and to appraise the current evidence regarding the effectiveness of interventions that are used in the management of fractures of the mandibular condyle.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.74-82
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• 1999

This study is aimed to establish the development plannings for the sustainable tourism of Yongyoo Island and Mooeui Island, neighboring areas of Youngjong Island, for the conservation and environmentally friendly use of Korean coastal wetlands. The concepts of sustainable tourism is described. The current development status and its problems of Youngjong Island and its neighboring areas are analysed. The development plannings for sustainable tourism of Yongyoo Island and Mooeui Island are suggested as follows : (1) The small scale tourism development projects, which are able to represent region's own characteristics, instead of large scale ones, should be performed. (2) The participation of community people should be guaranteed at the beginning stage of the decision making processes for tourism development projects. Additionally, the profits of the development should be fairly distributed among community people. (3) The coastal wetlands should be conserved and their sewage disposal capacity should be protected by way of the minimization of reclamation. (4) The coastal wetlands should be developed into the tourist resorts utilizing migratory birds as tourism resources. In addition, the carrying capacity of the coastal wetlands, which is based on the current status of ecosystems and the Environmental Impact Assessment(EIA), should be calculated.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.55-76
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• 1998

Various trials to overcome the limitation of current accounting which fails in synchronizing business activities and their information have failed to make satisfactory result merely showing a little saving of processing time. This is because such trials have been done within the boundary of double-entry bookkeeping system. Without consolidating business activities and their information, reformation efforts such as BPR(business process re-engineering), ABC(activity-based costing), CALS(commerce at light speed) etc to fit the business organization to the changing business environment could not be achieved. Overcoming the limitation of accounting takes precedence of any other attempt to construct the management information systems. Activity Information Accounting System(AIAS) proposes the way of overcoming the limitation of current accounting by using the new accounting methodology and unique solution to real time accounting information. AIAS produces accounting and management information directly of activity information without bookkeeping process of activity information. AIAS adopts method of transforming the details of corporation activities directly into accounting information rather than method of double-entry bookkeeping system. The purpose of this paper is to prove AIAS to be very flexible system by using flexibility concepts. Flexibilities are defined as three aspects, namely ① timeliness (rapid accounting information generations and presentations) ② easy systems modificabilities according to environment changes ③ adaptabilities to all industries.