• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2018

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of exercise therapy on low back pain (LBP), the function of paraspinal and abdominis muscles, and the sacrohorizontal angle as seen on the radiographs of the lumbar spine in a young female golf player with LBP. METHODS: This case report describes an 11-year-old female golfer who presented with LBP. The exercise therapy program comprised lumbar joint mobilization, lumbar spine flexion distraction, abdominal bridge, plank, side plank, and single-leg extensions from a 4-point kneeling position for 40 min/day; this was done twice a week for 8-weeks. LBP [visual analog scale (VAS) and Oswestry disability index (ODI)] and function of paraspinal and abdominis muscles [Ito test, curl-up test, $90^{\circ}$ stop test, squat test, opened eye one leg stance test (OEOL), and closed eye one leg stance test (CEOL)] were measured before and after 4 and 8 weeks of exercise therapy. The radiographs were analyzed for the lumbar Cobb's angle and sacrohorizontal angle before and after 8 weeks of exercise therapy. RESULTS: After 4 and/or 8 weeks of exercise therapy, VAS and ODI scores decreased; results for the Ito test, curl-up test, $90^{\circ}$ stop test, squat test, and OEOL and CEOL of muscle function improved; and the lumbar Cobb's angle and sacrohorizontal angle improved. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that exercise therapy improves LBP, muscle function, and radiographic parameters associated with LBP in young golf players. These findings have clinical implications for exercise therapy in young female golf players who have LBP.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.58-73
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to examine the need of the eyelash design area and the changes of an eye image according to eyelash design. Methodology included both a theoretical research and an empirical research. The theoretical research reviewed previous researches and technical books. The empirical research divided eye shapes, complemented the defect of eye shapes, and examined resulting image changes. A mechanical way was performed for treatment because it was more efficient than a manual way. A J-curl type was used. Eye length was divided into five and the point was determined. The length and density of curl were changed in each point to maximize a treatment effect. As a result, eye images were changed as follows. First, round eyes became stable. Slit eyes became vivid and soft. Wide-set eyes became intelligent and narrow-set eyes became smooth. Large eyes were naturally gradated and small eyes became larger. Double-eyelid eyes became stable and elegant and single-eyelid eyes became gentle and soft. Bulging eyes became easy and soft and sunken eyes became smooth. Peaked eyes became gentle and soft and sleepy eyes became strong and vivid. Based on the findings, eyelash design can play a role in changing an image according to eye shapes. In particular, a speed eyelash extension device to extend eyelash can reduce working hours and gradate only by angle control. It can complement the defect of eyes according to the design of each shape and change into a better image.

• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.35-42
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• 2001

한국 남동해역 취송순환에서의 부정확한 외력의 바람응력 문제에 대한 최적화 방법의 유용성에 관하여 검토하였다. 바람응력은 모델 및 수치적 정식화 과정에서 상층 경계조건 및 외력항으로 고려되었다. 그리고 바람응력 평가에 대한 최적화 방법의 적용성 및 모델변수의 초기값 추정치의 중요성을 검토하였다. 최적화 연구로부터 동해 남부해역의 취송순환에 관한 동한난류의 수송량 변화 및 통해 난수층의 형성과 분포특성을 바람응력, 바람응력 회전성 및 상층두께의 변동으로부터 파악할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.538-548
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• 1993

한국 동해 연안역 해수순환 및 수온분포에 대한 바람응력의 효과에 관하여 검토하였다. 동해상의 바람응력은 국립수산진흥원 정선관측 바람자료 및 일본기상청 Buoy No. 6에서의 10년간($1978{\sim}1987$)의 약 5,100개의 바람 관측자료를 사용하여 계산하였다. 여름과 겨울의 계절풍의 전환에 따른 에크만 수송의 변화가 대한해협에서의 대마난류 수송량에 미치는 영향을 정량적으로 평가하였다. 특히 동해에서의 평균적인 바람응력의 회전성(wind stress curl) 값이 음이 되는 사실에서 울릉도 근해의 난수층의 형성에 부분적으로 도움이 됨을 알았다. 한편, 동해 난수층의 분포를 단순화된 3층 경계면모델을 적용하여 설명하였다.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2004년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2004
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• pp.192-195
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• 2004

Products of gridded surface wind and windstress vectors over the world ocean have been constructed by satellite scatterometer data with highly temporal and spatial resolutions. Even if the ADEOS-II/SeaWinds has supplied surface wind data only for short duration in Apr. to Oct. 2003 to us, it permits us to construct a product with higher resolution together with the Qscat/SeaWinds. In addition to our basic product with its resolution of $1^{\circ}\times1^{\circ}$ in space and daily in time, we try to construct products with $1/2^{\circ}\times1/2^{\circ}$ and semi- and quarter-daily resolution. These products are validated by inter-comparison with in-situ data (TAO and NDBC buoys), and also compared with numerical weather prediction(NWP) ones (NCEP reanalysis). Result reveals that our product has higher reliability in the study area than the NCEP's. For the open ocean regions in the middle and high latitudes where there are no in-situ data, we find that there are clear differences between them. Especially in the southern westerly region of 400-600S, the' wind-stress magnitudes by the NCEP are significantly larger than the others, suggesting that they are overestimated. We also calculate wind-stress curl field that is an important factor for ocean dynamics and focus its spatial character in the northwestern Pacific around Japan. Positive curl areas are found to cover from southwest to northeast in our focus region and almost correspond to the Kuroshio path. It is suggested that the vorticity field in the lower atmosphere is related to the upper oceanic one, and thus an aspect of air-sea interaction process.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.18-28
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• 2012

This study was to develop a novel automatic system for measuring St$\ddot{o}$ckigt sizing degree and contact angle at a time. The conventional methods to measure sizing degree had serious problems in obtaining significant differences according to different dosages of a sizing agent, and moreover they disclosed unique limitation due to liquid types used and tester's subjectivity. However, the newly developed system could get reproducible results through total automation of all procedures including liquid dropping, image acquisition and measurement of both St$\ddot{o}$ckigt sizing degree and contact angle. For the St$\ddot{o}$ckigt sizing test, the automatic system could measure sizing degree with more definite differences according to different dosage of AKD, compared to the conventional method. For the contact angle test, the automatic system showed a similar trend to the conventional method but had smaller contact angles due to distortion of an image focus by a sheet curl than the conventional testing machine. The problem from the image out of focus due to specimen curl will be overcome with adopting a new specimen holder for the future system.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.219-228
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• 2002

Based on the five-year (October 1992 through September 1997) Topex/Poseidon altimeter measurements, we describe the statistical characteristics of the eddy variability in the East Sea in terms of sea surface height anomaly, slope variability, and eddy kinetic energy (EKE). The sea surface height anomalies in the East Sea are produced with standard corrections from Topex/Poseidon measurements. In order to eliminate the high frequency noise in the sea surface height anomaly data, the alongtrack height anomaly data was filtered by about 40 km low-pass Lanczos filter based on Strub et al. (1997) and Kelly et a1. (1998). We find that there exists a distinct spatial contrast of high eddy variability in the south and low eddy energy in the north, bordering the Polar Front. In the northwestern area $(north\;of\;39^{\circ}N\;and\;west\;of\;133^{\circ}E)$ from the Polar Front where the eddies frequently appear, the EKE is also considerabel. The high kinetic energy in the southern East Sea reveals a close connection with the paths of the Tsushima Warm Current, suggesting that the high variability in the south is mainly generated by the baroclinic instability process of the Tsushima Warm Current. This finding is supported by other studies (Fu and Zlontnicki, 1989; Stammer, 1997) wh.ch have shown the strong eddy energy coupled in the major current system. The monthly variation of the EKE in both areas of high and low eddy variability shows a strong seasonality of a high eddy kinetic energy from October to February and a relatively low one from March to September. The sequential pattern of wind stress curl shows resemblance with those of monthly and seasonal EKE and the two sequences have a correlation of 0.82 and 0.67, respectively, providing an evidence that wind stress curl can be the possible forcing for the monthly and seasonal variation of the EKE in the East Sea. The seasonality of the EKE also seems to correlate with the seasonality of the Tsushima Warm Current. There also exists the large spatial and interannual variabilities in the EKE.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.65-71
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• 2001

HRP(high rate pond) which had kept the manufactured clay of 3cm-thickness as benthic clay in reactor and the 6 flat-blade turbine as impeller for agitation was named HRASP(high rate algae stabilization pond). And the experiment for treatment of artificial synthesis wastewater containing COD :300mg/$\ell$, NH$_3$-N : 300mg/$\ell$, T-P : 9mg/$\ell$ as nutrients was been performed successfully. This reactor was been operated under conditions : 24hrs.-irradiation and water temperature, $25^{\circ}C$ and pH 7 and agitation velocity, 15, 30, 45rpm and the effect of agitation velocity on algal bioaccumulation of nutrients was been studied with view point of fluid dynamics. The next followings could be obtained as results. 1. The agitation with a turbine impeller blade in HRASP makes clay particle indicate superior suspension effect by means of forming of excellent curl/shear flow in reactor. 2. The excessive suspension of clay particle which is created at 45rpm as rotation velocity of impeller blade of turbine disturbs the light penetration and algal photosynthesis reaction. 3. Efficiencies for removal of nutrients come out as COD : 93.9%~94.3%, ($NH_3-N + NO_3-N$) : 81.9%~99.0%, T-P : 46.8%~53.6%. 4. Kuo values of $K_1$for algal growth come out seperately as 15rpm : $1.876{\times}10^{-2}, 30rpm : 4.618{\times}10^{-3}$. 5. Kuo values of $K_2$for removal of N, P come out seperately as 15rpm : $8.403{\times}10^{-1}$ and $1.397{\times}10^{-1}$, 30rpm : $4.823{\times}10^{-1} and 2.052{\times}10^{-1}$. 6. It can be guessed easily that the excessive agitation can inhibit the algal and bacterial symbiotic reaction if it is considered that micro organism\` sense to preservation of life is relied on natural function of metabolism. Therefore the studies for this matter should be followed continuously.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.457-473
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• 1992

양향성 대륙붕에서 1차 파동방정식은 양 해안경계에서의 바람응력과, 대륙붕폭에 걸친 바람응력의 회전효과를 갖는다. 황해에서 바람응력 회전효과는 대륙붕파를 발생시키는 힘으로서 무시될 수 있다. 켈빈파는 대륙붕파보다 약화될 때까지의 거리가 매우 크기 때문에 황해 북쪽만(별)을 거의 약화되지 않고 통과할 수 있다. 파동특성을 따라 적분하는 수치방법은 반대방향으로 전파되는 파동을 수용하기 위해 조절되었다. 보다 실제와 가까운 해안선을 사용한 결과, 모델재생이 해류에서는 개선되었으나 해수면에서는 거의 개선되지 않았다. 이것은 해수면을 주로 결정하는 켈빈파가 해저지형의 변화에 영향을 극히 적게 받음을 의미한다 보다 개선된 해수면 재생을 위해서는 동지나 해에서 황해로 전파되는 켈빈파의 에너지를 알 필요가 있다. 해안을 따른 순풍류와 골을 따른 역풍류의 기본구조는 계절풍에 의해 발생하는 황해의 계절순환을 뒷받침한다.

• 한국펄프종이공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국펄프종이공학회 2006년도 PAN PACIFIC CONFERENCE vol.2
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• pp.373-379
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• 2006

Fiber characteristics and fiber distribution of thermomechanical pulp(TMP), bisulfite chemithermomechanical pulp(bisulfite CTMP), neutral sulfite chemithermomechanical pulp(neutral sulfite CTMP) from kenaf(Hibiscus cannabinus L., Malvaceae) cultivar Tainug-2 cultivated in the reclaimed land of Korea were examined to use effectively nonwood fibers as an alternative raw material sources for papermaking. Yields of TMP and CTMP from kenaf were lower than those of TMP from hardwoods and CTMP from softwoods and hardwoods. Bark fibers of kenaf cultivar Tainung-2 ranged 2.04 to 2.30 mm long and $18.7{\sim}19.7{\mu}m$ width. Core fibers averaged 0.63 to 0.80 mm long and $29.5{\sim}31.4{\mu}m$ wide. Coarseness of bark fiber was higher than that of core fiber, and fiber from TMP were higher than those from both bisulfite CTMP and neutral sulfite CTMP. Curl indexes of bark fibers were higher than those of core fibers. However curl indexes were not significantly affected by the pulping conditions. Short fiber distributions were higher in core fibers from TMP and CTMP and long fiber distributions were higher in bark fibers. There was no significant difference in fiber distribution of whole and core fibers obtained from TMP and CTMP, Fibers from neutral sulfite CTMP, however, exhibited a little higher long fiber distribution. Distinct difference in anatomical characteristics was found between core and bast fibers of kenaf plant. Parenchyma cell, pith parenchyma cell and vessel were observed in core fibers and bast fiber in bast sections.