• 펄프종이기술
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.54-59
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• 2015

In this study, effects of kneading concentration on characteristics of hardwood bleached kraft pulp (HwBKP) fibers were elucidated. A laboratory two-shaft kneader was utilized for kneading. Kneading concentration was varied in the range of 15-30% (w/w) and the number of kneading treatment was adjusted between 0 and 6 passes. It was found that kneading concentration influenced fiber characteristics. At 15% of pulp concentration, fiber length slightly increased with increasing the number of kneading passes, while other morphological properties such as fiber width and curl decreased: fiber straightening occurred. In addition, the increase in WRV and the decrease in CSF were the largest at 15% kneading concentration, meanings that fibrillation mainly occurred. In contrast, at higher kneading concentration exceeding 20%, fiber deformation like curl was mainly occurred. Also, at kneading concentration of 20% and 30%, fiber length decreased with the number of kneading passes while other morphological properties such as fiber width, and WRV increased. Severe fiber entanglement was found at 30% kneading, which shall be removed during papermaking.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.57-61
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• 2007

Whitefly-transmitted geminiviruses (WTGs) are economically important pathogens causing serious damage on tomato and chilli pepper in Indonesia. Geminiviruses are readily transmitted by its insect vector, sweetpotato whitefly (Bemisia tabaci). However, greenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum), another species of whitefly, is commonly found together with B. tabaci in the field. Incidence of yellow leaf curl disease in tomato and chilli pepper is probably correlated with the population of whitefly complex. It is becoming important to find the role of T. vaporariorum in the spread of the disease. Therefore, research is conducted to study the characteristic relationship between tomato leaf curl begomovirus (ToLCV) and two species of whitefly. The two species of whitefly, B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum, was capable to transmit ToLCV although it was evidenced that B. tabaci is more effective as insect vector of ToLCV in tomato and chilli pepper. A single B. tabaci was able to transmit ToLCV to tomato with a minimum acquisition and inoculation access period of 10 h. Transmission of ToLCV by T. vaporariorum required at least 10 insects per plant with a minimum acquisition and inoculation access period of 24 h. The transmission efficiency will increase with longer acquisition and inoculation access period of the insect and the higher number of insect per plant.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2018

Objective: This study aimed to determine the efficacy of flexible pole training combined with lumbar stabilization in improving trunk muscle activities and to investigate the difference according to posture in young adults. Methods: Twenty-five participants were enrolled in this study. The subjects were randomly allocated into either the flexible pole group or the rigid pole group. Participants performed lumbar stabilization exercises on quadruped and curl-up, with the flexible pole or rigid pole. Electromyography was used to assess the percent maximal voluntary isometric contracion (%MVIC) of the rectus abdominis (RA), external oblique (EO), internal oblique (IO), and erector spine (ES) muscles. All participants completed one 30-minute session per day, 3 days per week, for 6 weeks. The evaluation was performed before and 6 weeks after the training, and follow-up. The data were analyzed using independent t-test and two-way repeated measure analysis of variance to determine the statistical significance. Results: The flexible pole in curl-up showed significant differences in EO and IO muscle activities compared with the rigid pole. The flexible pole in quadruped showed significant differences in IO and ES muscle activities compared with the rigid pole. The RA, EO, IO, and ES muscle activities of both groups were significantly higher after 6 weeks training. Conclusion: The flexible pole in curl-up and quadruped showed an improvement in trunk muscle activation. The flexible pole combined with lumbar stabilization will be useful as an exercise tool to improve activity of trunk muscles.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.310-315
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• 2014

Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), a member of the genus Begomovirus, is responsible for one of the most devastating viral diseases in tomato-growing countries and is becoming a serious problem in many subtropical and tropical countries. The climate in Korea is getting warmer and developing subtropical features in response to global warming. These changes are being accompanied by TYLCV, which is now becoming a large problem in the Korean tomato industry. The most effective way to reduce damage caused by TYLCV is to breed resistant varieties of tomatoes. To accomplish this, it is necessary to establish a simple inoculation technique for the efficient evaluation of resistance to TYLCV. Here, we present the rolling circle amplification (RCA) method, which employs a bacteriophage using phi-29 DNA polymerase for construction of infectious TYLCV clones. The RCA method is simple, does not require sequence information for cloning, and is less expensive and time consuming than conventional PCR based-methods. Furthermore, RCA-based construction of an infectious clone can be very useful to other emerging and unknown geminiviruses in Korea.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2003년도 제4회 박판성형 심포지엄
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• pp.35-40
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• 2003

In order to develope springback control technology for high-strength steel sheets, some studies have been conducted: dome stretching test, stepped s-rail forming and springback measurement, and optimally shaped initial blank design. First, to find out the formability of TRIP60, dome stretching test was performed. Next the stepped s-rail die, which was designed to form a channel type panel with large twist and wall curl, was manufactured and used to know the effect of controlling forming variables, such as blank holding force and flange amount on the springback. Furthermore, new measurement method of the springback was introduced to define wall curl and twist in geometrically complex panels. Finally, the optimally shaped initial blank was employed to verify one of the best ways to control the springback in channel type, high strength sheet panels.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.360-366
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• 2014

A single-feed composite cavity-backed four-arm curl antenna is presented for use in global positioning systems (GPS). Its primary radiating element is fed by a vacant-quarter printed ring, which helps the antenna directly match to a $50-{\Omega}$ coaxial line and produce a good circular polarization (CP). The cavity-backed reflector is employed to improve the CP radiation characteristics in terms of 3-dB axial ratio (AR) beamwidth and minimum AR value. The optimized design with an overall size of $90{\times}90{\times}25mm^3$ ($0.4725{\lambda}_o{\times}0.4725{\lambda}_o{\times}0.13{\lambda}_o$ at 1,575 MHz) results in a ${\mid}S_{11}{\mid}<-10dB$ bandwidth of 8.66% (1,514-1,651 MHz) and a 3-dB AR bandwidth of 2.23% (1,555-1,590 MHz). The antenna radiates a widebeam right-hand circular polarization and operates with a measured radiation efficiency greater than 90% within its impedance matching bandwidth.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제57권4호
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• pp.725-728
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• 2008

An elbow orthosis with a pneumatic rubber actuator has been developed to assist and enhance upper limbs movements and has been examined for the effectiveness. The effectiveness of the elbow orthosis was examined by comparing muscular activities during alternate dumbbell curl motion wearing and not wearing the orthosis. The subjects participated in the experiment were younger adults in their twenties. The subjects were instructed to perform dumbbell curl motion in a sitting position wearing and not wearing orthosis in turn and a dynamometer was used to measure elbow joint torque outputs in an isokinetic mode. Orthosis was controlled using contractile muscle force that is measured from force sensor through cDAQ-9172 board. The air pressure of the pneumatic actuator was 0.3MPa the most suitable air pressure. For the analysis of muscular activities, Electromyography of the subjects was measured during alternate dumbbell curl motion. The experiment results showed that the muscular activities wearing the elbow orthosis were reduced. With this, we confirmed the effectiveness of the developed elbow orthosis.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.424-428
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• 2017

Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) infection of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) has been reported, but soybean (Glycine max) has not previously been identified as a TYLCV host. Five cultivars of white soybean were agro-inoculated using an infectious TYLCV clone. At 30 days post-inoculation, they showed infection rates of 25% to 100%. Typical TYLCV symptoms were not observed in any inoculated plants. To examine whether TYLCV was transmitted in soybean seeds, DNA was isolated from bundles of five randomly selected seeds from TYLCV-inoculated soybean plants and amplified with a TYLCV-specific primer set. With the exception of one bundle, all bundles of seeds were verified to be TYLCV-infected. Virus dissemination was also confirmed in three of the 14 bunches. Viral replication was also identified in seeds and seedlings. This is the first report demonstrating that soybean is a TYLCV host, and that TYLCV is a seed-transmissible virus in white soybean.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국컴퓨터정보학회 2022년도 제65차 동계학술대회논문집 30권1호
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• pp.369-372
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• 2022

본 논문에서는 장애물 객체의 회전 벡터를 이용하여 VR 환경에서의 효율적으로 음향 처리 및 합성하는 방법을 제안한다. 현실에서 소리와 장애물이 있을 때, 소리는 장애물의 형태에 따라 퍼지면서 전파되는 형태를 보여준다. 이 같은 특징을 가상현실 환경에 유사하게 음향 처리하고자 하며 이를 위해 장애물 객체의 위치와 소리의 근원지 위치를 입력으로 소리의 전파 형태를 근사한다. 이때 모서리 부근에서 표현되는 소리의 회전을 계산하기 위해 장애물의 회전벡터(Curl vector)를 기반으로 소리의 회전을 추출하였으며, 장애물 형태를 컨볼루션(Convolution)하여 소리가 바깥 방향으로 전파되는 형태를 모델링한다. 또한, 장애물과 소리 벡터 사이의 거리, 소리 근원지와 소리 벡터 사이의 거리를 계산하여 소리의 크기를 감쇠 시켜 주며, 최종적으로 장애물 주변으로 퍼지는 벡터 모양인 외부벡터를 합성하여 장애물로부터 외부로 퍼지는 벡터의 방향을 설정한다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 방법을 이용한 소리는 장애물과의 거리와 형태를 고려하여 퍼지는 사운드 벡터 형태를 보여주며, 소리 위치에 따라 소리 감소 패턴이 변경되고, 장애물 모양에 따라 흐름이 조절되는 결과를 보여준다. 이 같은 실험은 실제 현실에서 소리가 장애물의 모양에 따라 나타나는 소리의 변화 및 패턴을 거의 유사하게 표현할 수 있다.

• 식물병연구
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.298-303
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• 2012

토마토황화잎말림바이러스(Tomato yellow leaf curl virus; TYLCV)는 온실가루이(Bemisia tabaci)에 의해서 영속전염되는 DNA 바이러스로 토마토에 발생하는 가장 중요한 병 중 하나이다. 우리나라에서 TYLCV는 2008년 최초로 보고된 이래 급속하게 전국적으로 확산되어 토마토 생산에 심각한 경제적 손실을 일으키고 있다. 토마토 생산과정에서 TYLCV의 확산을 최소화하기 위해 바이러스의 조기진단이 매우 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 바이러스의 신속진단을 위해 초고속 정밀 PCR 진단기술을 개발하였으며, 이는 마이크로칩을 기반으로 하여 $5{\mu}l$의 시료만으로 PCR을 수행할 수 있도록 고안된, 휴대가 가능할 정도의 소형 GenSpector$^{TM}$ TMC-1000 PCR 기기를 이용한 새로운 기술이다. 본 연구에서 개발된 초고속 정량 PCR을 이용하였을 때 TYLCV 진단을 위한 30 cycle의 PCR과 용융점분석(melting curve analysis)에 15분 이내의 시간이 소요되었으며, GenSpector$^{TM}$ TMC-1000 PCR을 이용한 초고속 정밀진단 기술은 향후 TYLCV의 대발생을 모니터링하는데 유용하게 사용될 수 있을 것으로 생각한다. 본 연구결과는 GenSpector$^{TM}$ TMC-1000 PCR기반의 초고속정량 PCR 기술을 이용한 식물 바이러스의 진단기술 개발로는 최초의 보고이다.